青格达湖不同生活型水生植物氮磷积累特征

为探究西北干旱半干旱湖泊水生植物氮磷积累特征,研究2017年8月至9月青格达湖不同生活型及同种生活型不同种类水生植物氮、磷含量及其积累特征,以及青格达湖水生植物氮、磷积累特征与水质因子相关性.结果表明:青格达湖水生植物氮元素富集能力远远大于磷营养盐富集能力;不同生活型水生植物氮、磷积累存在一定规律,沉水植物总氮含量极显...     

稻田集中退水期田面水质特征其与土壤养分关系研究

根据布设在岷江、沱江、嘉陵江流域等几大长江主要支流流域上的38个采样点位所采集的稻田集中退水期田面水样和土样,运用单因子评价方法结合水质及土壤养分含量测定实验,进行了水质分析并研究了水质浓度与土壤养分含量的关系。结果表明,不同流域集中退水期稻田田面水水质浓度及同一流域内不同水质因子的水质情况均存在差异;上述三大流域田间土壤全氮、全磷、有效磷的空间分布不均匀性均属于中等变异,其中有效磷的变异系数最高,全氮与全磷变异系数较小,空间分布较为均匀,相对而言较为稳定;稻田集中退水期田面水总磷浓度与该地区土壤有效磷含量呈显著的正向线性关系,田面水总氮与氨氮浓度均与该地区土壤全氮含量呈显著的正向线性关系。有助于全面了解集中退水期农业灌溉回归水的水质特征,为长江流域生态环境保护相关研究与决策提供科学依据。     

上覆水营养盐浓度对底泥氮磷释放的影响

采用校园水体底泥进行上覆水营养盐浓度对底泥释放量之间的关系研究。结果表明,在本实验条件下,上覆水水质影响底泥氮、磷的释放,尤其显著影响氮、磷的初期释放;上覆水氮、磷的浓度越小,底泥氮、磷的释放量越大;上覆水氮、磷的浓度超过一定值,会抑制底泥氮、磷的释放。     

乌伦古湖上覆水水质因子与沉积物理化特性相关性研究

为了解乌伦古湖上覆水水质因子与沉积物理化特性之间的关系,本次对乌伦古湖8个(大湖5个,小湖3个)采样点的上覆水体水和沉积物的相关指标进行了统计性分析和相关性分析,结果表明:乌伦古湖水体中的溶解氧与沉积物有机磷、沉积物总氮、沉积物硝态氮呈一定的负相关,表明高溶解氧的水环境下,有利于抑制沉积物释放氮、磷;水体中的硝态氮与表层沉积物中的水溶性硝态氮、氨氮以及总氮无显著相关关系,表明水体硝态氮的治理应放在外源治理;水体中的总磷与沉积物总磷和沉积物无机磷呈较显著正相关关系,说明底泥中的总磷已经成为水体中总磷的来源之一。     

沱江富顺段水质分析及污染状况研究

为了解沱江富顺段水质情况,采用相应的国家标准方法对沱江水体的氮、磷、化学需氧量、生化需氧量等指标进行监测。3个监测断面TN、TP的平均浓度分别为3．31mg／L、0．247mg／L,其中TN含量超标3倍以上,TP含量超过标准的1．2倍,建议相关部门应在河流平水期和枯水期严格控制氮、磷的排放,可通过调高工业废水、污水处理厂氮、磷排放标准,缓解沱江氮、磷污染程度。     

厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动及运行

采用污泥混合接种的方法 ,成功地启动了实验室规模的厌氧氨氧化反应器 ,启动后含氨模拟废水运行的进水氨浓度和进水亚硝基氮浓度均为 2 0mmol/L ,氨氮、亚硝基氮和总氮的容积负荷率为 10 6 9mmol/L .d、12 2 6mmol/L .d和 394 5 5mg/L .d ,氨氮、亚硝基氮和总氮的去除率保持在 90 %、99%和 95 %以上。对运行条件研究表明 ,厌氧氨氧化反应的最适pH为 7～ 7 5 ,最适温度约在30± 1℃。厌氧氨氧化随亚硝酸盐浓度的升高而下降 ,氨的厌氧转化随COD浓度的增加也呈抑制型曲线 ,当COD浓度为 80 0±5 0mg/L时 ,厌氧氨氧化速率达到最大。     

MAP法与沸石吸附组合工艺的脱氮除磷实验研究

以高浓度氮磷模拟废水为处理对象,通过静态实验研究了MAP法（磷酸铵镁法）与沸石吸附组合工艺的脱氮除磷效果。以MAP法除磷脱氮后的出水作为沸石吸附过程的进水,最终出水的氮、磷去除率可达86．69％和99．9％,且在MAP反应过程中采取较高的pH值和Mg^2＋浓度有利于后期沸石对氮、磷的吸附去除。     

天山天池不同水期水环境质量变化分析

为评价天山天池近十年水质变化情况,基于天山天池3个点位的水质监测数据,采用t-test分析天山天池2013—2022年丰水期和平水期主要监测指标变化特征,并结合近十年数据利用灰色模型预测2025年污染物排放情况。结果表明：主要影响天山天池水质的评价因子为总氮、总磷,总氮浓度丰水期显著高于平水期,总磷浓度丰水期较平水期低,影响综合营养指数评价的高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、叶绿素α浓度受水期影响不明显。同时预测显示：到2025年,化学需氧量平均浓度将接近20 mg/L,氨氮平均浓度达到0.17 mg/L,总磷最高浓度约为0.014 mg/L;总氮最高浓度约为0.97 mg/L。最后结合地方政府近十年采取的综合污染防治措施,分析水质变化的原因,并提出具有针对性的建议。     

瀛湖水质变化特征及富营养化控制研究

瀛湖作为南水北调中线工程丹江口水库的重要水源地，水环境质量状况日益受到各方关注。对近五年(2016～2020年)瀛湖水质状况及富营养化现状进行综合评价，同时采样SPSS软件对2020年瀛湖366组日均值水质监测数据统计分析，结果表明：近五年(2016～2020年)瀛湖均处于中营养化水平；在气温回升的3月份，瀛湖pH值和溶解氧出现全年最大值，在气温最高的8、9月份水温、浊度、总磷、叶绿素和藻密度浓度为全年最高，水体电导率、总氮浓度为全年最低；总氮和藻密度呈显著负相关，总磷和藻密度呈显著正相关。分析表明磷是瀛湖藻类生长的限制性营养盐，瀛湖富营养化控制应以集中控磷为主。为瀛湖水体富营养化控制和水环境治理提供了科学依据。     

新建水库初期磷氮变化的动态模拟研究

本文首先建立磷氮时空分布模型并确定模型参数的率定方法。文章模拟了新建清平水库建库初期磷氮变化情况,得出由不稳定到稳定的过程。水库磷氮时空变化的模拟结果表明,空间分布是从库尾到大坝浓度逐渐递砬,时间分布是一年中Ｐ,Ｎ浓度七月份最高,年初年末最低,其分布央线类似高斯分布。     

化学强化SBR工艺生物脱氮除磷试验研究

本文以脱氮为优势条件进行了SBR工艺生物脱氮试验,确定了脱氮模式的运行工艺参数,即瞬时进水-曝气3h-缺氧2h-沉淀闲置1h-出水。SBR在此模式下运行,COD、NH3-N、TN的去除率分别为90％、95％、60％以上。系统对TP的去除也比较稳定,进水TP为6．57—10．4mg／L时,出水为1．68—4．23mg／L。对SBR脱氮后出水投加AlCl3进行化学除磷,试验发现,投加量为20mg／L时出水,TP均能达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918—2002）一级标准的B标准。     

城市污水Al盐化学除磷的试验研究

针对新疆地区污水厂总磷去除效率有限,出水总磷存在超标排放风险的问题。试验中采用自配不同总磷含量的生活污水,通过小试试验,投加AlCl3进行试验室模拟化学除磷试验。研究结果表明:进水总磷浓度为2～4mg/L时,投加AlCl3/TP质量比为8.6;进水总磷浓度为6mg/L时,投加AlCl3/TP质量比上升到13.1,出水总磷浓度均<0.5mg/L,AlCl3投加不会改变污水的pH值,化学沉淀最佳时间为30min。建议设计除磷沉淀池的停留时间为25min～30min。     

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from domestic strength synthetic wastewater using an alternating pumped flow sequencing batch biofilm reactor

Nutrient removal from domestic strength synthetic wastewater by an alternating pumped flow sequencing batch biofilm reactor (APFSBBR) was investigated in this laboratory study. The APFSBBR comprised two reactor tanks (Reactors 1 and 2) with two identical biofilm modules of vertical tubular plastic media with a high specific surface area, one in each tank. The APFSBBR was operated in cycles of four phases: fill, anaerobic, aerobic, and draw. During the fill phase, Reactor 1 was half-filled with domestic strength synthetic wastewater. During the subsequent anaerobic phase, most of the phosphorus release took place from the submerged biofilm in this reactor. In the aerobic phase, the wastewater was circulated by pumps between Reactors 1 and 2, resulting in denitrification at the start of the aerobic phase due to low oxygen concentrations, followed by nitrification and luxury uptake of phosphorus when oxygen concentrations increased. During the draw phase, Reactor 2 was half-emptied of the treated water. At the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) loading rates on the total biofilm area of 3.20 g COD, 0.33 g TN, and 0.06 g TP m(-2) d(-1), the removal efficiencies were 97, 85, and 92% for COD, TN, and TP, respectively.     

Assessment of spatial-temporal patterns of surface and ground water qualities and factors influencing management strategy of groundwater system in an urban river corridor of Nepal

This study examined the spatial-temporal variations and factors influencing the management of groundwater along a section of the Bagmati river corridor in the Kathmandu valley (Nepal). The results showed that rural areas were less polluted than urban areas. In urban areas, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations ranged from 8.41 to 29.74 mg/L, 6.7 to 128.96 mg/L and 0.06 to 1.5 mg/L, respectively. In rural areas, the BOD, TN and TP concentrations ranged from 0.78 to 18.25 mg/L, 4.8 to 11.56 mg/L and 0.07 to 0.65 mg/L, respectively. The level of organics was higher in the pre-monsoon season, while the level of nutrients was higher in post-monsoon season. A comparison of the groundwater and surface water in the upstream rural areas revealed that the TP concentration was higher in the groundwater than in the surface water, which was attributed to the sorption of phosphorus on iron, aluminum or calcium compounds contained in the surface water, which depends upon the temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. In urban areas, a few wells were found at groundwater levels lower than the corresponding surface water levels and were subjected to a high risk of pollution. Overall, these findings reinforce the notion that the management of surface and ground waters in an integrated approach is essential for attaining sustainable development of groundwater systems.     

BATCH REACTOR UNVEGETATED WETLAND PERFORMANCE IN TREATING DAIRY WASTEWATER1

ABSTRACT: Wetlands that treat holding pond effluent can be designed to utilize the pond storage capacity to allow flexibility in system management. Management of a wetland as a sequencing batch reactor can simplify operation and control detention times, but little performance data on such systems are available. The objective of this study was to evaluate the batch reactor wetland concept by quantifying removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended sediments (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium (NH₄), nitrate (NO₃), total phosphorus (TP), and orthophosphate (PO₄) and by assessing the suitability of first‐order kinetics. Weekly samples were collected following batch loadings of wetland cells with high concentration or low concentration dairy holding pond wastewater during both fall and spring seasons. During three‐week batch periods without plants, overall mass removal averaged 54 percent for COD, 58 percent for TSS, 90 percent for TN, 72 percent for NH₄, ‐54 percent for NO₃, 38 percent for TP, and ‐8 percent for PO₄. Best fit, first‐order kinetic rate constant (k) and background concentration (C*) for COD varied by season, with k = 0.024/d and C*= 0 mg/l in fall and k = 0.056/d and C*= 200 mg/l in spring. Ammonium exhibited a consistent C*= 0 mg/l but had variable rate constants of k = 0.121/d for low concentration treatments and k = 0.079/d for high concentration treatments. Using first‐order kinetics was also appropriate for TN, with k = 0.061/d and C*= 0 mg/l for all loadings and seasons, but was not consistently appropriate for TP or PO₄. These results support the use of first‐order kinetics to describe treatment in batch reactor wastewater treatment wetlands without vegetation, perhaps during the establishment phase or in open water zones of vegetated wetlands. Further work is needed to assess the effects of vegetation.     

脉冲式SBR法处理生活污水的脱氮特性试验研究

脉冲式SBR工艺是针对传统SBR工艺反硝化效果较差提出的一种新型的SBR运行方式。本试验在北京工业大学污水处理实验室采用真实的生活污水进行研究,考察脉冲式SBR在硝化-投加原水-反硝化这一循环反复过程中（等量进水）的脱氮性能。试验结果表明,出水TN〈2mg/L,去除率达到了96%以上。     

高压电化学絮凝技术去除酿酒废水中总磷的研究

为了使酿酒废水中总磷有效去除并达标排放,通过对酿酒废水总磷的排放情况调查,有针对性的选用高压电化学絮凝技术,对酿酒废水中总磷的去除效果进行实验研究。从实验结果看,调节进水pH值为2.3、停留时间45分钟时总磷去除率可达到99%以上,在该条件下COD的去除率也能达到50%左右,废水总磷排放浓度能够达到1.0mg/L的排放要求。     

IABR-IBAF工艺处理猪场稳定塘废水的实验研究

难降解有机物含量高且碳氮比失调是造成养猪场稳定塘废水难于处理的主要原因。本文采用基于固定化微生物技术的厌氧折流板（IABR）与曝气生物滤池（IBAF）组合工艺处理稳定塘废水,对比了IABR-IABF组合工艺与单一IBAF工艺的处理效果,研究了碱度和碳源对硝化反硝化过程的影响。组合工艺平均进水COD1532．6mg／L,平均出水为332．7mg／L,去除率为78％,NH3-N平均进水538．6mg／L,平均出水为12．3mg／L,去除率97．7％。以新鲜废水做反硝化阶段的碳源时TN去除率93％,可有效解决脱氮过程中的碳源成本问题。