二十世纪中国发生的12次大地震

1920年宁夏海原地震1920年12月16日20时5分53秒,中国宁夏海原县(北纬36.5度,东经105.7度)发生震级为8.5级的强烈地震。这次地震,震中烈度12度,震源深度17公里,死亡24万人,毁城四座,数十座县城遭受破坏。它是中国历史上一次波及范围最广的地震,宁夏、青海、甘肃、陕西、山西、内蒙古、河南、河北、北京、天津、山东、四川、湖北、安徽、江苏、上海、福建等17地有感,有感面积达251万平方公里。海原地震还造成了中国历史上最大的地震滑坡。地震发生时山崩土走,有住室随山移出二三里。     

20世纪的四次化学大灾难

哈里克斯市大爆炸1917年11月25日,一艘法国海军军用辅助运输船“蒙特兰”号被美国军方在船上装满了烈性炸药。12月6日,“蒙特兰”号在水面狭窄、人口稠密的纳鲁斯湾与一艘挪威船“伊摩”号相撞,“蒙特兰”号     

日本阪神大地震15周年

<正>2010年1月17日是日本阪神大地震15周年纪念日,日本当天举行各种纪念活动,追悼当年的死难者。日本首相鸠山在仪式上致辞说,阪神大地震发生15年来,灾区实现了重建,但现在仍有必要努力抚慰     

20世纪山东近海第一次重大地震事件

1910年1月8日（清宣统元年十一月二十七日）22时49分,山东近海——南黄海北部（北纬35.0度,东经122.0度）发生6 3/4级地震。地震波及山东、江苏（含现上海）、安徽、浙江四省,有感范围北至烟台,南至宁波,西到徐州。据报道地震仅造成一人死亡。     

遭遇森林火灾的自救技巧

有很多朋友喜欢到各地的名山大川旅游避署,更有每日在森林环境中工作的工人,因此掌握一定的森林火灾常识和技能,对于保全生命财产安全是非常必要和有益的,同时这对于提高当地的森林消防安全也有着积极的促进作用。     

20世纪中国自然灾害对社会经济影响的时代变化与阶段差异

20世纪,伴随中国社会经济的巨大变化,自然灾害呈现显著的时代变化与阶段差异。1900～1949年,半封建半殖民地的中国,减灾近于空白,多种巨灾频发,造成巨大人口伤亡和严重饥荒,加剧人民贫困和社会动荡。1950—1979年,新中国建立初期,减灾能力较低,自然灾害频繁,巨灾仍常有发生,不仅造成严重人口伤亡和财产损失,而且对社会经济发展产生严重影响。1980年以后,随着中国经济持续快速发展,减灾能力不断提高。在这种背景下,自然灾害出现新的特点：受灾人口增加,但死亡人口显著减少,且基本杜绝了饥荒;自然灾害的破坏作用与影响范围越来越广,造成的直接损失与间接损失越来越大,但相对损失越来越小;自然灾害与资源、环境的关系越来越密切,因此对社会经济可持续发展的影响越来越深远。     

佩格纽尔湖大灾难

对于居住在美国路易斯安那州佩格纽尔湖附近的人们来说,1980年11月21日是一个令他们终生难忘的日子。     

The barriers impeding precautionary behaviours by undocumented immigrants in emergencies: The Hurricane Ike experience in Houston,Texas, USA

Emergency management tends to be planned for legal, resident populations that are responsive to mainstream channels of communication and enforcement. For many areas prone to extreme events and emergencies, populations are also composed of transitory tourists, temporary visitors and migrant workers. This latter group may be a large population and, while not completely invisible to residents, may prefer obscurity and concealment within the social landscape. Tending towards poverty, technologically disconnected and linguistically isolated, undocumented migrants seek employment and attempt to avoid local law enforcement and immigration officials for fear of imprisonment and deportation. In this context, the behaviours prompted by developing public emergencies will be different for undocumented migrants than for the population at large. We examine the experience of 135 Hispanic undocumented migrants in the coastal zone of Houston-Galveston, Texas to understand the factors and issues that influence decision making and behaviours under region-wide mandatory evacuation conditions. Undocumented migrants’ decisions to evacuate rest upon: the presence (or absence) of family and/or children, their access to risk information that they find meaningful and rational and is in harmony with their pre-conceptions about their circumstances, their openness to information that either confirms their experiences or confronts rumour-generated biases they carry, their familiarity with social groups and governmental agencies and the services they offer, and the outcome of their risk analyses that consider the dangers of remaining in situ against the danger of exposing themselves to discovery as ‘illegal aliens’. The results suggest that emergency management plans ought to promote the dispelling of rumours that weaken the effect of emergency communication, promote non-emergency outreach to peripheral populations through community groups, and promote better, basic, non-technical, Spanish-language media through mainstream conduits (i.e. the most commonly watched non-Spanish television channels) that do not require high-tech devices or advanced understanding of visual media tools.