Positive Planning for Wind-Turbines in an Urban Context

Abstract

An international concern with climate change has prompted a political commitment to the use of renewable energies. Yet, the operationalization and management of this political objective may be frustrated at the local level, where, it is suggested, an implementation impasse exists. This paper reports on a case study that examines the planning issues around the harvesting of wind at an urban brownfield site in Scotland. The paper discusses the nature of the state–market–civil relations involved in the development management of private wind-energy infrastructure, and the potential for a positive mediating role for the planning system.     

城市规划环境影响评价指标体系综述

城市规划是实施城市可持续发展战略的重要载体。城市规划环境影响评价的内容应集中体现在评价指标体系上。本文首先将城市规划环评指标分为总体规划和下位规划(专业规划、详细规划)两个层面,再分别系统论述城市总体规划和专业规划环评指标体系主要内容和结构,指出当前城市规划环评指标体系建立、内容、实施、总体与下位规划协调等方面的问题,奠定城市规划环评指标体系研究基础并为未来研究指明方向。     

城市社区生活垃圾的处理及实施规划

从社区规划的角度出发,参考国际先进案例,探讨了如何在社区的设计和运营规划中建立有效的废弃物管理机制;通过人口规模等指标合理确定社区垃圾管理技术方案和实施策略;提出从规划层面预防"城市病",解决城市生活垃圾处理的难题。     

噪声地图及其在城市规划中的应用

噪声地图是由道路交通噪声、铁路噪声、工业噪声和机场噪声等对城市地图上每个接收点的叠加噪声值拟合图像绘制而成。它为城市规划、城市环境噪声管理提供了依据,也是检验噪声污染防治技术措施和规划控制措施有效性的重要手段。随着信息化程度的日益提高,应该加强GIS等具有空间分析功能的技术系统与噪声预测模型的结合,建立符合我国实际情况的通用模型,使噪声地图发挥更准确的决策作用。     

Water-sensitive Urban Planning: Protecting Groundwater

Sustainable development requires the promulgation of guidelines for urban planning which consider the effects of the built environment on water resources. In this context, our paper focuses on the effects of urban development on the quantity and quality of rainwater which infiltrates into the soil on its way to recharge the aquifer. The paper includes: identification of the state of knowledge regarding the effect of urban development on runoff and infiltration; a case study-estimation of the effect of certain patterns of urban development in an Israeli neighbourhood,together with an option for mitigating them by relatively simple and inexpensive means; presentation of the components of urban planning which influence runoff and infiltration; and proposals for continuing research in this area which has been relatively neglected until recently.     

城市规划中的大气环境容量研究

以秦皇岛市经济技术开发区为研究样区,基于ADMS-LP计算了秦皇岛经济技术开发区的大气环境容量,并从工程减排、管理减排和结构减排三个方面提出了总量控制措施,以期为在城市规划中确定合理的建设用地布局以及工业企业类型提供依据。     

城市规划与城镇土地定级相互作用机理研究

城市规划与城镇土地定级之间的相互影响是多方面的。一是城市规划纲要、城市总体规划以及控制性详细规划的编制,分别从宏观和微观两方面影响着城镇土地定级工作;而城市规划的不同实施方式和不同实施程度对具体地块土地级别以及城镇土地级别空间分布格局有着直接和较大的影响。二是城镇土地级别现状和城镇土地级别变化趋势分析,潜在影响着城市规划方案设计、城市规划方案决策、城市规划实施和管理过程,并为其提供依据和指导。在此基础上,如何量化城市规划对城镇土地定级的影响值得进一步具体研究;发挥城镇土地定级工作的作用,更好地为城市规划服务,解决人们的住房问题,更值得深入思考。     

城市“邻避”风险的情境演变与治理应对

城市品质化发展与现代化治理的时代进程,迫切要求政府持续深化“邻避”风险防范化解。对城市“邻避”风险情境要素的考察发现,当前“邻避”风险的环境敏感性、经济相关性同近年来低烈度的区域扩散趋势叠加,政府“邻避”风险决策的地方性特征与治理议题的多元化趋势叠加,媒体在风险扩散中的高动员性与网络社群的分散化趋势叠加,公众“邻避”行动的抗争性与动机的多重性叠加。面对“邻避”风险情境演变所施加的治理压力,政府需从“增长逻辑”向“发展逻辑”转变,重新明确“邻避”风险治理中的政府角色。进而,本文从常态治理机制、提升决策品质、推动“去污名化”的知识生产、全面保障公众利益等方面具体探讨政府的治理应对。     

文脉在文化资源旅游开发中的主导作用

阐述了文脉的基本内涵与特点,进一步分析了文脉对区域文化形成的影响及其在文化资源旅游开发中的主导作用,并对文化资源旅游开发中的产品创新与文脉突破问题提出了一定的见解。     

Planning for environmental justice in an urban national park

Urban national parks were designed in the 1970s to bring nature and recreational opportunities to socio-economically disadvantaged communities in the USA. Using the theoretical frame of environmental justice, this paper discusses findings of a recent survey of visitors to Los Angeles' Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area – the United States' largest urban national park. Findings show park visitors were predominantly white, affluent, and lived nearby. People of colour travelled further, were significantly less likely to be return visitors, and were less inclined to use the park for active recreation. Seemingly, this park fails to meet the needs of the disadvantaged urban communities for whom it was created, a problem that may also affect other parks in the United States and potentially parks in other countries. Park planners and managers can take practical steps to increase accessibility to this park for people of colour and low-income earners, and should monitor other parks for patterns of ethno-racially differentiated access and utilisation.     

基于城市规划和土地利用的城市地貌环境研究综述

城市的建设与发展都以特定的地貌体为基础，城市地貌环境与城市规划关系密切。简述了在城市规划和城市土地利用条件下，国内外城市地质、城市地貌、城市地貌灾害与城市地貌环境质量综合评价的历史与发展，讨论了当前城市地貌环境研究存在的问题和研究方向。     

Social Capital in an Outdoor Recreation Context

This study examined social capital development in three all-terrain vehicles (ATV) clubs in Maine using an adapted version of Lin’s (2001) social capital theory model. The structural components of social capital identified included collective assets and individual assets in the form of normative behavior and trust relationships. Also identified were counter-norms for individual ATV riders identified as having divergent norms from club members. The second component of social capital is access to and mobilization of network contacts and resources. Access networks in the context of the ATV clubs studied were identified as community and landowner relations while mobilization of resources was existent in club membership attempts toward self-governance and efforts of the statewide “umbrella” organization. Instrumental outcomes benefit society and expressive outcomes benefit the individual. Both types of returns are present in the data suggesting that ATV clubs are creating social capital. This is important information to clubs who desire to market themselves, improve their reputations, and enhance their volunteer association. It is of further interest to state governments who fund clubs through trail grants as proof that a return on investment is being realized. Theoretical and applied implications for these and other types of recreation-based volunteer associations (e.g., clubs, friends groups, advocacy groups) are presented.     

Evolution and Application of Urban Watershed Management Planning

The development of Watershed Management Plans (WMPs) in urban areas aids municipalities in allocating resources, engaging the public and stakeholders, addressing water quality regulations, and mitigating issues related to stormwater runoff and flooding. In this study, 124 urban WMPs across the United States were reviewed to characterize historic approaches and identify emerging trends in watershed planning. Planning methods and tools were qualitatively evaluated, followed by statistical analyses of a subset of 63 WMPs to identify relationships between planning factors. Plans developed by a municipality or consultant were associated with more occurrences of hydrologic modeling and site‐specific recommendations, and fewer occurrences of characterizing social watershed factors, than plans authored by agencies, organizations, or universities. WMPs in the past decade exhibited greater frequency in the use of pollutant load models and spatially explicit hydrologic and hydraulic models. Project prioritization was found to increasingly focus on feasibility to implement proposed strategies. More recent plans additionally exhibited greater consideration for water quality, ecological health, and public participation. Innovation in planning methods and consideration of future watershed conditions are primary areas that were found to be deficient in the study WMPs, although analysis methods and tools continue to improve in the wake of advancing technology and data availability.     

城市绿化规划研究初探--以长沙市雨花区为例

城市绿化规划是城市生态规划的基本内容。本文以长沙市雨花区为例，运用景观生态学原理，分析了城市绿地系统建设存在的问题，提出了城市生态绿地系统规划的基本内容和生态对策，可为一些城市的生态建设提供参考依据。     

Planning for cooler cities: a plan quality evaluation for Urban Heat Island consideration

ABSTRACT

City strategic plans and enabling policies provide a framework for and inform future development across multiple scales. An exemplar city strategic plan will be one based on evidence, enabled by complementary policy outcomes, and built on the knowledge of the existing landscape. This study evaluated the plan quality of eighteen metropolitan strategic plans for city members in the 100 Resilient Cities initiative. A protocol was developed containing thirty-two indicators to assess plans capacity to act as a strategic planning tool to develop, analyse and implement strategies for the Urban Heat Island (UHI) and climate change mitigation and adaptation. The evaluation indicated that strategies addressing the UHI are rarely included in metropolitan plans. Strategic plans showed a lack of evidence-base to inform the potential actions. Urban warming is often linked to extreme weather events anticipated under climate change, not the UHI as a systemic and increasing phenomenon. We recommend that the pathway to addressing UHI mitigation and adaptation may lie in its nexus to aspects of climate change that concurrently can serve to support liveable and resilient cities.     

城市空气质量达标规划编制中的关键技术及其案例应用

本文结合重庆市空气质量限期达标规划编制案例,介绍了城市空气质量达标规划编制中的几个关键技术及其具体应用,包括本地化污染源排放清单编制、污染物来源解析、污染物排放形势预测与减排潜力分析以及大气环境容量核算等。本地化污染源排放清单是城市空气质量达标规划编制的基础,针对现有污染源制定科学合理的减排方案是达标规划的核心内容。分析不同区域的污染物组分浓度特征、污染源贡献以及未来污染排放形势预测,有助于识别出制约未来空气质量达标的关键因素及污染源。基于污染源减排潜力和污染传输矩阵制定的污染源减排方案更具合理性和可行性,应用空气质量模型估算大气环境容量可为规划目标可达性提供依据。     

城市总体规划与环境规划关系的探析

本文提出了目前城市总体规划与专项环境规划之间存在的问题--重总体规划、轻环境规划;先总体规划、后环境规划.并从基于生态安全格局的总体规划、切实落实规划环评制度、环境规划技术创新等方面,提出解决了这一问题的方法和途径.     

城市绿化对改善西宁城市生态系统的影响

文章简要介绍城市生态系统的特点和功能以及城市绿化在城市生态系统中的地位和作用，通过探讨西宁市城市绿化的现状，提出了建设西宁生态园林城市的思路。