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台风是一种导致严重灾害的天气系统,其灾害评估是减灾防灾的决策基础;国内外台风灾情评估基本区分为统计指标综合法和统计模拟法。归纳了6种主要的统计指标综合方法,总结了统计模拟评估法的基本步骤,在此基础比较了台风灾情评估方法的不同特点。从评估的模型、指标选择以及评估结果等几个方面评述了指标评估方法中以及统计模拟法存在的问题。最后,对灾情评估发展趋势的5个方面进行展望,并指出:国内统计模拟方法的评估较少开展,应与指标评估方法相结合,积极开展统计模拟方法的灾情评估;选择不同的行业,针对行业具体特点,建立敏感行业的灾情评估模型;加强高新技术,特别是卫星遥感技术在台风灾害评估中的应用;同时要加强评估决策支持系统研究。 相似文献
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Use of the arts in international aid is common in an ad hoc form, but it has not been systematically theorised or evaluated. The arts have the potential to be a culturally contextualised and sustainable intervention for adults and children in the aftermath of war or disaster. On the micro level, the arts are a method to enable the retrieval and reprocessing of traumatic memories that are often encoded in images rather than in words. On a macro level, they can help to reconstruct a group narrative of a disaster as well as mobilise people back into control of their lives. This paper researches a long‐term project using arts in Sri Lanka following the civil war and tsunami. A central finding is the need to understand arts within their cultural context, and their usefulness in strengthening the voices and problem‐solving capacities of the victims of the disaster. 相似文献
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Post‐disaster resettlement narratives encapsulate the complex mobile–spatial processes that are embedded in a post‐disaster context. The existing literature on disaster relocation and resettlement accords primacy to the logistical, practical, structural, and physical dimensions of residential transitioning. Building on this knowledge, this study conducted a spatial narrative inquiry to generate a link to mobile–spatial realities interspersed in diverse temporal trajectories. It did so by tracking the embodied rhythms of people and objects evoked through the retelling of post‐disaster resettlement stories by 12 young Filipino women informal settlers. The key findings are organised in three spatial narratives: ‘house near the sea'; ‘there at the bunkhouse'; and ‘here in Ridgeview'. These narratives are anchored in the overarching dimensions that underpin Filipino informal settlers’ experiences of (not) moving in and out of disaster resettlement areas. Lastly, the findings are explained in the light of the theoretical, empirical, and practical implications of disaster resettlement specific to informal settlers. 相似文献
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防灾减灾的基础研究及应用研究进展概况 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
人类社会是在对自然灾害的不断斗争中得到发展。近代由于全球人口的迅速增长和城市化程度的提高,自然灾害的损失也在急剧增加。防灾减灾是减轻灾害损失、保障社会可持续发展的系统工程。当前灾害监测技术、灾害的形成和发展规律、灾情评估方法、灾害管理及灾害对社会经济的影响等方面的基础研究及应用研究已有了不小的进展。本文概括地介绍了这些进展,并指出了防灾减灾工作中存在的一些问题及对策 相似文献
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广西漓江洪涝灾害及防御对策研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用GIS信息系统和降水实况资料,对发生在广西漓江的洪涝情况进行分析。通过对洪涝灾害进行实地调查,利用灾害风险评估技术,对漓江洪涝灾害进行风险区划,对洪涝灾害的防御措施进行探讨。漓江上游是广西的暴雨中心,汛期暴雨常造成漓江洪涝灾害,特别是5-6月份,每年基本上都有2~3次大面积的洪灾;沿江两岸都是洪涝灾害的高风险区;漓江洪水具有来得快,消得也快的特点;造成漓江致洪暴雨的天气形势主要是华南静止锋;加强上游降水量的监测和预报,加强上游水库蓄水错峰的调控能力,完善低洼地段防洪堤坝建设,可以有效地防御洪涝灾害。 相似文献
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1989~2005年中国启动地震应急预案的研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
制定地震应急预案是地震应急的行动纲领。过去重“救”轻“防”,而且“救”的程序也缺少规范。地震应急预案将“防、抗、救一作了规范.对每个职能部门的应急工作都作了部署。全国地区(市)级颁布地震预案267个,县级颁布地震预案1603个。据不完全统计,1989-2005年,全国共计启动地震应急预案56次。其中,1989~1993年年均启动0.8次,1994-1998年2.2次,1999-2003年4.2次,2004~2005年10次。 相似文献
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This paper proposes an empirically grounded framework for examining the preparedness and recovery phases of disaster management activities and processes pertaining to predictable disasters within a developed country. The two‐stage framework provides a single model composed of important preparedness and recovery initiatives, as well as activities and processes derived from empirical data collected for case studies from Australia: the ‘Black Saturday’ bushfires in the state of Victoria in February 2009; and Cyclone Larry in March 2006. The framework enables a variety of analyses, including the generation of insights into disaster management preparedness and recovery in the context of events in wealthy developed countries. The paper combines two empirical examples, a series of bushfires and a severe tropical cyclone, to enhance understanding of, and to contribute to better, disaster preparedness and recovery in the future. The paper contributes to the growing literature on disasters, preparedness, recovery and associated logistics, and other issues. 相似文献
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关于灾害、灾害学和灾害研究方法若干问题的浅见 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6
对灾害、灾害学和灾害研究方法等问题做了简短的讨论,提出了一些个人的看法。笔者认为,灾害可以分为两大类,即自然灾害与人为灾害。对两类灾害的可能的研究方法做了概述和评论。 相似文献
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This paper presents a Business Recovery Assessment Framework (BRAF) to help researchers and practitioners design robust, repeatable, and comparable studies of business recovery in various post‐disruption contexts. Studies assessing business recovery without adequately considering the research aims, recovery definitions, and indicators can produce misleading findings. The BRAF is composed of a series of steps that guide the decisions that researchers need to make to ensure: (i) that recovery is indeed being measured; (ii) that the indicators of recovery that are selected align with the objectives of the study and the definition of recovery; and, where necessary, (iii) that appropriate comparative control variables are in place. The paper draws on a large dataset of business surveys collected following the earthquakes in Canterbury, New Zealand, on 4 September 2010 and 22 February 2011 to demonstrate the varied conclusions that different recovery indicators can produce and to justify the need for a systematic approach to business recovery assessments. 相似文献
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