室内空气中苯系物污染现状及治理措施

苯系物指苯及苯的同系物,室内空气中的苯系物主要包括苯、甲苯和二甲苯。本文介绍了室内空气中苯系物的来源以及对人体的危害作用,讨论了目前室内苯系物的治理措施,为苯系物的治理提供一定的理论依据。     

佳木斯市室内空气污染现状及治理措施

阐述了佳未斯市室内空气污染现状,时监测数据进行了统计、分析.结果表明佳木斯市室内空气污染严重,主要污染因子为TVOC、甲醛、苯系物,其中TVOC超标比例最大.针对室内空气污染现状,提出了具体防范治理措施.     

佳木斯市新装修居室室内空气污染现状与防治对策

介绍了室内空气中主要污染物甲醛和苯系物的采样方法,并应用酚试剂分光光度法测定室内空气中甲醛的含量、气相色谱-质谱法测定室内空气中苯系物的含量,对所测定的数据进行分析讨论,进而提出防治对策。     

室内空气中苯系物污染的危害及防治

通过对实际监测数据的评价,提醒人们对室内空气中的苯系物污染不可忽视,让人们了解苯系污染物对人体的危害,并提出了对苯系物污染的有效防治方法。     

新装修住宅甲醛苯系物污染的探讨

甲醛、苯系物在室内装修的各种人造板材、油漆涂料中大量普遍存在 ,使得室内空气发生甲醛、苯系物污染。通过长时间监测新装修住宅内甲醛、苯系物的浓度变化 ,研究了装璜污染水平与季节、通风状况和装修材料的相关关系 ,得到结论 :甲醛在 1 0 0d之后对人体还有一定危害 ,而苯系物在 1 5～ 60d可挥发完全。并提出新装修住宅装璜污染防治措施     

蚊香和佛香燃烧过程中苯系物的排放研究

利用小型烟雾箱对6种市售蚊香和5种佛香燃烧过程进行采样研究,定量分析释放的5种苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、对/间二甲苯、邻二甲苯),利用单室质量平衡模型分别计算排放系数.结果表明,蚊香和佛香的不同品牌之间苯系物的排放系数相差较大,蚊香中5种苯系物的平均排放因子分别是77,101,94,250,94μg/g,佛香中5种苯系物的平均排放因子依次是732,598,2084,2349,221μg/g.蚊香与佛香燃烧释放物中含量最高的苯系物均是间/对二甲苯,分别占总含量的41%、39%.取测得的最大排放速率,采用室内空气质量模型模拟一般条件下蚊香和佛香燃烧释放苯系物对室内空气的影响,分析结果显示,燃烧蚊香造成室内苯、甲苯和乙苯的最大模拟浓度分别是31,45,86μg/m3,燃烧佛香造成室内苯、甲苯和乙苯的最大模拟浓度为65,66,187μg/m3.     

沈阳市部分装修居室室内空气污染测定

通过对部分装修居室不同通风时间、不同位置进行甲醛和苯系物的实际测定,基本掌握居室室内空气主要污染物及其污染程度,提出了装修房间室内空气污染防治措施。     

建筑装修材料对室内空气环境污染的有效预防研究

随着人们对居住环境要求的不断提高、对生活品质的不断追求,室内建筑装修成为了普遍现象,且装修技术愈发高超。与此同时不合格的建筑装修材料也对室内空气环境造成了严重污染,对居住人群的身体健康造成了严重侵害。建筑装修材料中常见的成分如甲醛、苯系物、放射性物质等,都是污染物。对室内空气环境中的主要污染物来源、危害以及人们对装修材料错误使用进行分析;针对造成室内空气环境污染的各种建筑装修材料,给出了相应的控制、治理和预防对策。     

宁波市居民室内空气质量状况及对策措施研究

通过对典型代表的200户居民和50处办公室的室内空气检测后发现宁波市的室内空气污染不可忽视,其中甲醛超标率分别为60.3%和36.0%,TVOC超标率分别为33.8%和19.0%,苯系物超标率为5.0%左右.同时分析了室内空气污染的原因并提出了改善室内空气质量的措施.     

绥中县部分居室室内空气中甲醛和苯系物污染调查分析

通过对室内环境中甲醛和苯系物的测定,对绥中县部分室内空气的污染情况及控制进行了调查和分析。结果表明：不同污染物中,甲醛污染最重,苯和甲苯其次,二甲苯最轻。不同房间类型中,阁楼污染相对最重,书房和卧室其次,大厅相对最轻。提出了室内空气污染主要控制措施。     

大学校园室内BTEX浓度水平变化规律及健康风险

采用Tenax-TA吸附/热脱附-气相色谱法(TD-GC)对大学校园室内外空气中5种苯系物(BTEX,苯、甲苯、乙苯、间/对-二甲苯和邻二甲苯)的平均浓度进行了检测。检测结果显示,5种苯系物的平均浓度均低于国家标准值。被测空气的苯系物中甲苯所占比例最大,为27.9%～32.0%。室内BTEX浓度稍高于室外,多数采样点的室内浓度与室外浓度比值(CI/CO)大于1.0。通风可有效降低空气中苯系物浓度。大学校园室内空气中的苯对学生的致癌风险为3.67×10-7～1.09×10-6。     

交通主干道旁室内外苯系物的分析和研究

监测结果表明室外的机动车流量对于室外的苯系物浓度起到较大的贡献作用,并且室外苯系物浓度的变化曲线和机动车流量变化结果呈现出一致性;同时,通过监测还表明室内的三苯浓度变化中,开窗情况下室内的污染物浓度的变化和室外浓度变化是一致,而在关窗情况下室内的三苯浓度变化较为的复杂,这可能是在交通主干道旁和对照点的建筑室内存在三苯污染源。     

Rush-hour aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons in selected subway stations of Shanghai, China

Air samples were collected simultaneously at platform, mezzanine and outdoor in five typical stations of subway system in Shanghai, China using stainless steel canisters and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass selective detector (GC-MSD) after cryogenic preconcentration. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) at the platforms and mezzanines inside the stations averaged (10.3 ± 2.1), (38.7 ± 9.0), (19.4 ± 10.1) and (30.0 ± 11.1) μg/m³, respectively; while trichloroethylene (TrCE), tetrachloroethylene (TeCE) and para-dichlorobenzene (pDCB), vinyl chloride and carbon tetrachloride were the most abundant chlorinated hydrocarbons inside the stations with average levels of (3.6 ± 1.3), (1.3 ± 0.5), (4.1 ± 1.1), (2.2 ± 1.1) and (1.2 ± 0.3) μg/m³, respectively. Mean levels of major aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons were higher indoor (platforms and mezzanines) than outdoor with average indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios of 1.1-9.5, whereas no significant indoor/outdoor differences were found except for benzene and TrCE. The highly significant mutual correlations (p < 0.01) for BTEX between indoor and outdoor and their significant correlation (p < 0.05) with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a marker of traffic-related emission without other indoor and outdoor sources, indicated that BTEX were introduced into the subway stations from indoor/outdoor air exchange and traffic emission should be their dominant source. TrCE and pDCB were mainly from indoor emission and TeCE might have both indoor emission sources and contribution from outdoor air, especially in the mezzanines.     

BTEX pollution caused by motorcycles in the megacity of HoChiMinh

Monitoring of benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTEX) was conducted along with traffic counts at 17 roadside sites in urban areas of HoChiMinh. Toluene was the most abundant substance, followed by p,m-xylenes, benzene, o-xylene and ethylbenzene. The maximum observed hour-average benzene concentration was 254 μg/m3 . Motorcycles contributed to 91% of the traffic fleet. High correlations among BTEX species, between BTEX concentrations and the volume of on-road motorcycles, and between inter-species ratios in air and in gasoline indicate the motorcycle-exhaust origin of BTEX species. Daily concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p,m-xylenes and o-xylene were 56, 121, 21, 64 and 23 μg/m 3 , respectively. p,m-xylenes possess the highest ozone formation potential among the BTEX family.     

天津市西南部苯系物浓度季节及空间变化特征

采用预冷冻浓缩系统和气相色谱/质谱联用仪,对天津市西南部BTEX（苯系物）浓度（以ρ计）进行了网格布点观测. 结果表明:ρ(苯)、ρ(甲苯)、ρ(乙苯)、ρ(间/对二甲苯)和ρ(邻二甲苯)的年均值分别为8.54、20.49、6.41、13.44和3.68 μg/m3,其中ρ(苯)和ρ(甲苯)均低于欧洲标准限值. 各BTEX浓度季节变化明显,与当地大气稳定度、光化学反应以及即时气象条件等因素密切相关. 利用各BTEX浓度的相关性,分析了不同类型采样点BTEX的来源,并证明工业企业和居民住宅附近存在非同源性苯和甲苯排放源. B/T〔ρ(苯)与ρ(甲苯)之比〕年均值为0.49,接近我国机动车尾气排放特点,但B/T值呈现出的季节变化特点可能与天津市供暖期燃煤排放有一定的关联.      

长沙市环境空气中BTEX的污染特征及健康风险

BTEX(苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯等)是对空气质量和人体健康具有重要影响的挥发性有机物.为研究长沙市城市大气BTEX污染特征,选择2个典型城市站点(采样点S和W)于2017年8月进行了连续采样分析.结果显示:2个采样点BTEX平均浓度分别为(9.84±5.44),(6.35±4.68)μg/m3;其中间/对-二甲苯是占比...     

Air quality nearby road traffic tunnel portals： BTEX monitoring

A monitoring campaign of BTEX （benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o- m- and p-xylene） was carried out nearby two tunnel portals in the urban area of Naples with the aim to verify air quality in this kind of urban sites. Sampling was carried out using the active adsorption technique. Sampling time was 1 h. Ambient temperature and traffic flow measurements were carried out during each sampling operation. The results indicate that average benzene concentrations at both sites exceed the limit value of 10 μg/Nm^3 established by the European Community （EC） （Dir. 2000/69）. Concentration levels of other BTEX are relatively high as well. A correlation between BTEX concentration and two wheeler vehicle flow was observed.     

装修房屋室内空气的污染

调查了装修后的住宅和办公室室内空气中挥发性有机物,同时对室外空气进行了调查.共检出20多种挥发性有机物.装修后室内甲醛和苯及其他苯系物含量明显高于室外.装修后室内空气甲醛质量浓度为0.1～2.4 mg/m3,在装修后短期内甲醛质量浓度更高,有时达到13.4 mg/m3;苯质量浓度为0.03～0.17 mg/m3.装修一年内甲醛、苯和苯乙烯普遍超标.卤代烃含量一般是数个μg/m3,与室外没有显著性差异.