开发利用观赏竹

我国竹种资源丰富 ,观赏竹类品种繁多 ,开发利用观赏竹 ,可以改善人们的生活环境 ,绿化城镇 ,美化居室。观赏竹类型 :①竹姿优美的竹子。有孝顺竹、观音竹、慈竹、青皮竹、崖州竹、吊丝竹、泰竹、华丝竹、大明竹等。②秆形奇特的竹子。有大佛肚竹、小佛肚竹、鼓节竹、罗汉竹、龙拐竹、倭形竹、方竹、八月竹、毛环方竹、螺节竹等。③秆或叶具有色彩的竹子。其中秆具色彩的竹子有黄金间碧玉竹、惠方刺竹、青丝黄竹、花铃竹、斑竹、紫竹、小黑竹等 ;叶具色彩的竹子有菲白竹、菲黄竹、小寒竹、白纹女竹、黄条金竹等。观赏竹盆景 :观赏竹盆景制作…     

天下竹子数不清，井冈山竹子头一名

袁鹰在《井冈翠竹》中写道，“有道是：天下竹子数不清，井冈山竹子头一名。”     

大熊猫:濒危依旧

迄今为止,在全世界200多个国家和地区几乎濒临绝迹的大熊猫,只有在我国的四川、陕西、甘肃部分地区的深山老林中才能找到它们的身影。历时5年的第3次大熊猫普查结果显示,目前分布在四川,陕西、甘肃3省的大熊猫数量为1596只,栖息地分布密度为平均每100平方公里约有6.9只。从3个省大熊猫野外监测点得到的数据显示,大熊猫种群总体生存状况基本良好。通过多年的艰苦努力,大熊猫的保护取得了重要成效。目前,我国已有45%的大熊猫栖息地和61%的野外大熊猫种群被纳入到40个自然保护区,得到了较好的保护。然而,有关专家提醒说,尽管目前大熊猫的数量有了很大提高,但仍不能说大熊猫已经摆脱了濒危动物的处境。     

环境要闻

言论“如果经过科学的调查发现,一个动物的种群数量确实需要调节了,也不必非要猎杀。我们可以人为地捕捉到动物园去展出啊,还可以送到国外去交流,等等。”——研究野生大熊猫30余年的专家、原四川蜂桶寨国家级自然保护区管理局局长崔学振认为,合法猎杀野生动物只是调节其种群数     

讲述有中国特色的环境史故事——读《人竹共生的环境与文明》

正中国竹文化历史悠久、内涵深厚,曾被西方学者称为“竹子文明”~1。在长久历史进程中,中国民众对竹子投注了诸多情感,利用竹子的物质功能与文化象征衍生、创造出一系列人与竹子共荣的故事,塑造出中国文化中特定的竹子符号,充溢着赞美之词。从古至今,竹子的气质与内涵虽被广泛运用,但民众的精神世界与竹子气质之间的历史关联并没有被完全厘清。王利华教     

四川省栖息地周边社区对大熊猫保护的响应及影响因素——基于农户行为视角

大熊猫栖息地与周边社区相互交叠,社区居民生计高度依赖于栖息地的自然资源,社区农户是大熊猫保护的重要利益相关者。通过实地调查、收集数据、构建计量模型,分析了四川省典型县域大熊猫栖息地周边社区农户响应大熊猫保护的行为及其影响因素。结果表明:社区农户多数积极响应对大熊猫的保护,参与保护管理部门的宣传培训,提高生计多样性和收入来源,同时减少薪柴采集、割竹挖笋等对大熊猫栖息地有直接干扰的行为,少数农户参与过大熊猫等野生动物救护工作。社区的积极响应是推动大熊猫保护工作顺利开展的重要保障,未来保护政策应加大力度鼓励社区参与大熊猫保护工作,以提高保护效率。     

圈养大熊猫乳汁香气成分探究

为了探寻圈养大熊猫乳汁香气的物质组成,用顶空—固相微萃取—气质联用法对4只圈养大熊猫母兽(6岁、9岁、12岁、14岁各1只)在仔兽10日龄、23日龄、56日龄时乳汁中的挥发性有机物质,通过不同型号的SPME头、不同的SPME温度和时长、不同的GC-MS联用仪、不同类型的毛细管柱、不同的程序升温进行了6次测试,共计发现46种香气成分,可归类为醇9种、酚3种、醛12种、酮7种、羧酸7种、酯1种、内酯2种、杂环化合物4种、芳香烃1种,主要香气成分为:己醛、2-丁酮、苯酚、3-甲基丁醛、己酸、戊醛、2-戊酮、2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、3-己烯-1-醇,醛类是圈养大熊猫乳汁香气的重要贡献物质种类。     

中国扬子鳄摇头摆尾下海南

中国扬子鳄摇头摆尾下海南１９９１年１０月，与大熊猫齐名的５０条２龄鳄作为“先头部队”先行抵达距海口市３０公里的大致坡，成为国家一类保护动物中集群“闯入”海南特区的“新移民”。它们来到１０００万年间祖辈从未到过的椰岛红土坡地，居然像回家一样习惯自如。海...     

多种竹子,还是多种树?

自古以来,竹子就是一种人们喜爱的建筑材料.然而,工业社会以来,人们用到竹子的地方越来越少.近年来,环保人士认识到竹子是一种很好的环保材料,并号召工业界采用竹子作为原料.基于这样的认识,竹子建筑和竹子工业产品越来越多,甚至不少机械产品也用竹子代替钢材和塑料.     

傣乡掠影

薄暮冥冥,宿鸟归飞。两位向导请我们到一个傣家村寨吃晚饭。勐腊县地处西双版纳腹地,热带雨林特征极为明显。县城里植物"肆虐",在别处挺小巧的花草到这里全生得巨大无比。楼旁竹子就有碗口粗细,十几棵聚集在一起,东一堆,西一簇的,当地人叫它们"龙竹"。我们乘车出城,在暮色中顺着香蕉林和高大的青竹丛,梦幻     

成都地区慈竹生长状况及其与环境因子关系的初步分析

通过对成都市城区边缘及郊区6个样地慈竹林竹株的实地观测和取样分析,发现成都市城区边缘及青白江区的慈竹普遍生长不良,不同竹龄竹株的高度和胸径都比无郊崇州市怀远的慈竹要小,发育不良竹株竹杆内硅的含量显著高,初步分析硅的过多积累可能是慈竹竹杆脆化的一个明显指标;发育不良的慈竹竹杆含水量也普遍比生长状况好的慈竹竹杆含水量高。从样地土壤样品分析发现,慈竹生长不良的样地土壤偏酸或者偏碱。成都市区的降水普遍偏酸,降水中过高的SO4^2-,NO3^-,Cl^-和F^-离子成分也可能是导致慈竹生长不良的环境因素。     

Experimental Evaluation of the Sustainability of Dwarf Bamboo (Pseudosasa usawai) Sprout-Harvesting Practices in Yangminshan National Park,Taiwan

Sustainable harvest of natural products that meets the needs of local people has been viewed by many as an important means for sustaining conservation projects. Although plants often respond to tissue damage through compensatory growth, it may not secure long-term sustainability of the populations because many plants enhance individual well-being at the expense of propagation. Sustainability may further be threatened by infrequent, large-scale events, especially ill-documented ones. We studied the impacts of sprout harvesting on sprout growth in a dwarf bamboo (Pseudosasa usawai) population that has seemingly recovered from an infrequent, large-scale masting event. Experimental results suggest that although a single sprout harvest did not significantly alter the subsequent abundance and structure of sprouts, culm damage that accompanied sprout harvesting resulted in shorter, thinner, and fewer sprouts. Weaker recovery was found in windward, continually harvested, and more severely damaged sites. These findings suggest that sprout growth of damaged dwarf bamboos is likely non-compensatory, but is instead supported through physiological integration whose strength is determined by the well-being of the supplying ramets. Healthy culms closer to the damage also provided more resources than those farther away. Sustainable harvesting of sprouts could benefit from organized community efforts to limit the magnitude of culm damage, provide adequate spacing between harvested sites, and ensure sufficient time interval between harvests. Vegetation boundaries relatively resilient to infrequent, large-scale events are likely maintained by climatic factors and may be sensitive to climate change. Continual monitoring is, therefore, integral to the sustainability of harvesting projects.     

Is Shennongjia a Suitable Site for Reintroducing Giant Panda: An Appraisal on Food Supply

The giant panda was found on Mount Shennongjia in Central China for thousands of years but vanished in the late 19th century. The possibility for reintroducing the giant panda in Shennongjia is discussed in terms of food availability, carrying capacity, and predicted bamboo flowering. Three species (Fargesia spathacea, F. murielae, and Yushania confusa) are considered the preferred forage bamboos, which could feed 193–223 giant pandas. However, in 1879–1888 these three species synchronously flowered and died back. In the past, such bamboo flowering usually forced the panda to migrate to a new habitat where forage bamboos were available. But since the 19th century, Shennongjia has become separated from other panda habitats by densely populated agricultural zones. Multi-species flowering of the forage bamboo and isolating of the habitat might caused the extinct of the giant panda in Shennongjia. If the flowering cycle of the bamboo is genetically fixed, the next synchronous flowering of two staple food species (F. spathacea and F. murielae) may occur in 2436–2439. It means that the food supply is dependable in Shennongjia for reintroducing the giant panda before 2436.     

浅谈卧龙特区梯级电站建设对自然保护区的影响

根据笔者参加卧龙特区梯级电站规划中了解到的一些情况,首先阐述了保护区的自然环境和社会环境以及在此背景上造成的当前大熊猫的处境。接着分析了梯级电站建设可能带来的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。同时,又估计到会带来的一些不利影响,重点是对大熊猫的生存环境方面。最后,从加强自然保护角度建议对方案中在核心区布置的一些梯级电站应持慎重态度,并提了几点保护措施。     

大熊猫饲养繁殖的研究与进展

国内外从１９３６－１９９２年，共在野外捕捉２６０支大熊猫，迄今尚活着的有７０支，死去的平均寿命低于野外２－３岁。自１９６３年北京动物园繁殖成功到１９９２年，共繁殖９４胎产１４１仔。迄今尚活着有３７支；死去１０４支。其中，仅活一周的有８４支，占死亡总数的８１％。双胞胎共４６胎，但全成活的仅３胎。说明亟待急需解决如何提高寿命和幼仔的存活率。     

Effects of increased elevation and macro- and micronutrient additions onSpartina alterniflora transplant success in salt-marsh dieback areas in Louisiana

Spartina alterniflora was transplanted into dieback areas of a salt marsh in southeast Louisiana at two elevations (ambient and +30 cm) with and without macro- (N, P, and K) and micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) additions to determine if transplant success is dependent on increasing elevation or nutrients.Spartina alterniflora transplanted into elevated plots had more than twice the above- and belowground biomass as compared to nonelevated plots after three months of growth. Additionally, there was significantly more vegetative reproduction (greater culm density and number of newly produced culms) in elevated plots as compared to plots at ambient elevation. Macronutrient additions increased culm densities only in elevated plots.Spartina alterniflora transplanted into nonelevated plots had lower survival rates even when transplants received nutrient additions. These results suggest thatS. alterniflora may be transplanted successfully into degraded salt-marsh areas if elevation is increased. The addition of nutrients without a concomitant increase in elevation is not sufficient for transplant success.     

开发竹醋液--提高安徽省竹资源利用率

从安徽省竹资源现状、竹醋液的生产概况、应用领域、经济价值、政策扶持等方面分析了竹醋液开发的可行性,目的是提高安徽省竹资源的利用率,促进安徽省经济的可持续发展.     

不同种植方式对水生植物生长的影响

水生植物恢复是水体生态恢复与重建的一个关键,而人工快速大面积恢复沉水植物存在较大的难度。在淀山湖318国道近岸水域生态带内,运用水泥涵管覆土种植、箩筐覆土种植、纱布包裹覆土种植、编织袋覆土种植和竹签扦插法对水生植物进行种植。通过实验得出,运用水泥涵管覆土种植的芦苇存活率比用箩筐覆土种植的存活率高;运用水泥涵管覆土+竹签扦插法种植的狐尾藻存活率比其他几种种植方法的存活率高,几种种植方式下的生物量无显著差异。     

Trapping efficiencies of cultivated and natural riparian vegetation of northern Laos

In northern Laos, intensification of cultivation on sloping land leads to accelerated erosion processes. Management of riparian land may counteract the negative impacts of higher sediment delivery rates on water quality. This study assessed water and sediment concentration trapping efficiencies of riparian vegetation in northern Laos and the effect of cultivation of riparian land on water quality. Runoff flowing in and out of selected riparian sites was monitored by means of open troughs. In 2005, two native grass, two bamboo, and two banana sites were monitored. In 2006, adjacent to steep banana, bamboo, and native grass sites, three upland rice sites were established and monitored. Water trapping efficiency (WTE) and sediment concentration trapping efficiency (SCTE) were calculated on an event basis; means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with a bootstrapping approach. Confidence intervals were large and overlapping among sites. Seepage conditions severely limited trapping efficiency. Native grass resulted in the highest WTE (95% CI, -0.10 to 0.23), which was not significantly different from zero. Banana resulted in the highest SCTE (95% CI, 0.06-0.40). Bamboo had negative WTE and SCTE. Median outflow runoff from rice sites was nine times the inflow. Median outflow sediment concentration from rice sites was two to five times that of their adjacent sites and two to five times the inflow sediment concentration. Although low-tillage banana plantation may reduce sediment concentration of runoff, cultivation of annual crops in riparian land leads to delivery of turbid runoff into the stream, thus severely affecting stream water quality.     

黄浦江上游原水强化处理选炭试验研究

以黄浦江上游水源为原水,通过煤质炭、竹质炭、椰壳炭等炭种筛选小试和中试试验,研究了黄浦江上游原水中有机污染物强化去除的最佳炭种及其最佳投加量。结果表明黄浦江上游原水中投加PAC能够改善处理后水质,提高原水中有机物的去除效果;并且随着PAC投加量的增加,原水中有机物去除效果增强;综合性价比、碳源等因素确定竹质炭较为经济合理;当竹质炭投加量为10～15mg/L时,处理后出水CODMn可达到3mg/L或以下。