新疆生态环境监测指标体系与评价方法探讨

针对新疆荒漠生态 环境的独特 环境特征，以准确、快捷、客观反映荒漠生态环境质量为目的，建立了区域性荒 漠生态环境监测指标体系和评价方法，充分发挥生态监测网络站和各行业监测站的作用，做到信息共享，通过在新疆生态环境监测和质量评价中进行实践，证明所建指标 体系 和评价方法 具有一定的科学性和实用价值。     

荒漠生态环境监测刍议

讨论了荒漠生态环境监测的基本概念和原则 ,并针对新疆荒漠生态环境监测工作的现状 ,提出了今后工作的总体设想和若干展望 ,对我国荒漠生态环境监测工作的开展具有一定的启示作用。     

荒漠生态环境监测指标体系初探

讨论了建立荒漠生态环境监测指标体系应遵循的五个原则,并提出初步的荒漠生态环境监测指标体系,将指标体系分为三个部分:(1)荒漠环境指标;(2)荒漠生物指标;(3)社会经济指标.     

景观生态学与荒漠生态环境监测

通过对景观生态的阐述,在讨论荒漠生态环境监测的概念、对象、内容、方法和目的的基础上,分析了景观生态学成为荒漠生态环境监测理论和实践的基础的可能性和必要性,指出景观生态学在荒漠生态环境监测中的应用大有可为。     

荒漠化及其监测

本文通过对荒漠化过程的探讨,提出了荒漠化监测指标体系及监测评价方法,为新疆开展荒漠生态环境监测工作提供依据.     

沙湾荒漠区生态环境的植物监测

利用植物生态学常规方法进行了荒漠植被种群生物量和数量特证调查,以植物为监测对象,并就群落地上部分生物量,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数,群落均匀度,生态优势度等指标探讨了在荒漠生态环境监测和评价中的具体应用。     

试论荒漠生态监测的特点和监测指标的确定

从监测目的、监测对象、监测指标和监测数据的获取四个方面,论述了进行荒漠生态环境监测工作的特点.从干旱荒漠区自然环境的基本特征和主要生态环境问题及生态环境管理工作的需要出发,提出了在我国开展荒漠生态环境监测工作的监测指标,以供商榷.     

生态环境监测与生态经济学评价

探讨了荒漠生态环境监测与生态经济学之间的关系,提出荒漠生态环境监测应与生态经济学原则相结合,注意监测人类社会经济活动对生态环境的影响,并根据生态经济学中环境因素的稀缺性、综合性和反馈性等原理对人类开发利用自然资源进行正确评价。     

内蒙古草原生态监测站着手编写《内蒙古草原生态环境十年监测报告》

近日,内蒙古自治区草原生态环境监测站为掌握全区草原生态环境的发展变化状况和近几年国家生态环境保护与建设政策的实施情况,根据呼伦贝尔市草甸草原、锡林郭勒盟典型草原、包头市达茂旗荒漠草原、阿拉善盟荒漠生态系统监测子站提供的监测数据,着手编写《内蒙古草原生态环境十年监测报告》。 摘自中国环境监测总站《环境监测信息简报》2:003年第l、2期内蒙古草原生态监测站着手编写《内蒙古草原生态环境十年监测报告》~~     

干旱荒漠区生态环境趋势和启示

本文在介绍国际干旱荒漠生态环境历史发展过程的同时,指出当今人们所关心的一些问题和重要的研究课题,着重指出经济发展中应该重视干旱荒漠生态环境监测与研究.     

Mineral compositions and sources of the riverbed sediment in the desert channel of Yellow River

The Yellow River flows through an extensive, aeolian desert area and extends from Xiaheyan, Ningxia Province, to Toudaoguai, Inner Mongolia Province, with a total length of 1,000 km. Due to the construction and operation of large reservoirs in the upstream of the Yellow River, most water and sediment from upstream were stored in these reservoirs, which leads to the declining flow in the desert channel that has no capability to scour large amount of input of desert sands from the desert regions. By analyzing and comparing the spatial distribution of weight percent of mineral compositions between sediment sources and riverbed sediment of the main tributaries and the desert channel of the Yellow River, we concluded that the coarse sediment deposited in the desert channel of the Yellow River were mostly controlled by the local sediment sources. The analyzed results of the Quartz-Feldspar-Mica (QFM) triangular diagram and the R-factor models of the coarse sediment in the Gansu reach and the desert channel of the Yellow River further confirm that the Ningxia Hedong desert and the Inner Mongolian Wulanbuhe and Kubuqi deserts are the main provenances of the coarse sediment in the desert channel of the Yellow River. Due to the higher fluidity of the fine sediment, they are mainly contributed by the local sediment sources and the tributaries that originated from the loess area of the upper reach of the Yellow River.     

Water use sources of desert riparian Populus euphratica forests

Desert riparian forests are the main body of natural oases in the lower reaches of inland rivers; its growth and distribution are closely related to water use sources. However, how does the desert riparian forest obtains a stable water source and which water sources it uses to effectively avoid or overcome water stress to survive? This paper describes an analysis of the water sources, using the stable oxygen isotope technique and the linear mixed model of the isotopic values and of desert riparian Populus euphratica forests growing at sites with different groundwater depths and conditions. The results showed that the main water source of Populus euphratica changes from water in a single soil layer or groundwater to deep subsoil water and groundwater as the depth of groundwater increases. This appears to be an adaptive selection to arid and water-deficient conditions and is a primary reason for the long-term survival of P. euphratica in the desert riparian forest of an extremely arid region. Water contributions from the various soil layers and from groundwater differed and the desert riparian P. euphratica forests in different habitats had dissimilar water use strategies.     

准噶尔盆地荒漠区工程建设与水土流失的关系初探

新疆北部的准噶尔盆地的荒漠地区是生态环境脆弱地区,环境极易遭到破坏,随着建设项目的增加,由于工程建设引起的水土流失现象也逐渐增多.目前对该问题的研究尚需深入.本文通过对准噶尔盆地荒漠地区工程建设与水土流失的关系的分析,并借鉴其它地区的经验,指出新疆北部的荒漠地区由于环境脆弱,各类工程均可引发水土流失, 工程建设引起的水土流失也能影响工程本身的安全,工程建设应采取措施,防止水土流失,促进环境保护与经济发展.     

The use of spatial empirical models to estimate soil erosion in arid ecosystems

The central objective of this project was to utilize geographical information systems and remote sensing to compare soil erosion models, including Modified Pacific South-west Inter Agency Committee (MPSIAC), Erosion Potential Method (EPM), and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), and to determine their applicability for arid regions such as Kuwait. The northern portion of Umm Nigga, containing both coastal and desert ecosystems, falls within the boundaries of the de-militarized zone (DMZ) adjacent to Iraq and has been fenced off to restrict public access since 1994. Results showed that the MPSIAC and EPM models were similar in spatial distribution of erosion, though the MPSIAC had a more realistic spatial distribution of erosion and presented finer level details. The RUSLE presented unrealistic results. We then predicted the amount of soil loss between coastal and desert areas and fenced and unfenced sites for each model. In the MPSIAC and EPM models, soil loss was different between fenced and unfenced sites at the desert areas, which was higher at the unfenced due to the low vegetation cover. The overall results implied that vegetation cover played an important role in reducing soil erosion and that fencing is much more important in the desert ecosystems to protect against human activities such as overgrazing. We conclude that the MPSIAC model is best for predicting soil erosion for arid regions such as Kuwait. We also recommend the integration of field-based experiments with lab-based spatial analysis and modeling in future research.