螺旋形障碍物对瓦斯爆炸影响的研究

瓦斯爆炸事故给煤矿生产、国家经济发展以及人民的生命财产造成了巨大损失,因此,在置障条件下研究瓦斯爆炸特性,对预防和减少瓦斯爆炸事故具有重要意义。利用水平管道式气体爆炸实验装置,研究了螺旋形障碍物对瓦斯最大爆炸压力以及最大爆炸压力上升速率的影响。结果表明:螺旋形障碍物的存在对瓦斯爆炸的爆炸压力和最大压力上升速率有明显促进的影响,随螺旋形障碍物螺旋的增加,对最大爆炸压力和最大压力上升速率的激励作用越明显。     

水平管道内障碍物数量对瓦斯爆炸过程的影响研究

为了研究水平管道内障碍物数量对瓦斯爆炸的影响,利用自制的水平管道式气体爆炸试验装置,选用阻塞率为60%的圆环型障碍物,在常温常压下对管道内障碍物数量分别为1片、3片、5片和7片时瓦斯(试验气体为甲烷与空气的混合物,下同)爆炸过程进行试验研究。结果表明:瓦斯的爆炸压力及其上升速率均随障碍物数量的增加呈先增后减的变化规律,而火焰传播速度则随着障碍物数量的增加单调递增,但递增幅度逐渐减小。在密闭置障管道内瓦斯的爆炸压力及其上升速率随测试位置长径比的增大先减小后增大,而火焰传播速度则随测试位置长径比的增大单调递减。     

长管中立体障碍物对瓦斯爆炸特性影响的研究

管道内可燃气体火焰传播与障碍物相互作用的过程的研究对爆炸场所预估和防爆工程设计具有重要的意义,在实际生产、生活中,火焰传播方向上的障碍物往往具有立体结构,基本没有平面结构,因此,利用长管密闭容器,在立体障碍物存在的条件下,研究了瓦斯爆炸压力和火焰传播速度。研究结果表明:随着障碍物数量的增加,瓦斯爆炸压力和火焰传播速度随之增大;阻塞率增加,瓦斯爆炸压力和火焰传播速度出现先增大后减小的现象,当阻塞率为50%时,其爆炸压力和火焰传播速度达到最大;障碍物的摆放形式对瓦斯爆炸压力和火焰传播速度也有一定的影响。     

管道内置障条件下瓦斯爆炸传播规律的综述及展望

对矿井瓦斯爆炸传播机理进行了分析,同时对不同障碍物数量、形状、阻塞率、位置、间距、结构条件下管道内瓦斯爆炸传播规律的研究现状进行综合评述,得出一些结论:障碍物的存在对瓦斯爆炸压力和火焰传播速度具有显著的激励作用;不同的障碍物环境对瓦斯爆炸传播激励效应的影响程度是不同的;并提出了目前该研究存在的问题和未来发展方向。     

置障管道内天然气爆炸过程微观特性数值模拟研究

为揭示障碍物对于火焰传播过程中的激励作用,采用Zimont火焰面模型对内置不同阻塞率障碍物的密闭管道内天然气-空气预混气体的燃爆过程进行数值模拟,结果表明障碍物对于天然气燃爆过程中火焰传播的激励作用明显,火焰传播经历了从层流向湍流的转变过程,70%阻塞率时激励作用达到最大,火焰前锋速度达到了1 156 m/s,管道内最大爆炸压力达到1.02 MPa;火焰传播至障碍物处时,不同阻塞率障碍物场中湍流动能峰值变化趋势基本一致,且高湍流动能区的分布与湍流动能峰值发生剧烈变化。     

复杂多孔结构对丙烷爆炸的影响

为了揭示复杂多孔障碍物对丙烷/空气爆炸动力学参数的影响，采用小尺寸爆炸管道，运用高速摄像技术和数据采集手段，分析不同试验条件下火焰穿越复杂多孔障碍物前后的形态及管内压力变化。结果表明：受复杂多孔障碍物的影响，爆炸火焰穿过障碍物时，会触发Richtmyer Meshkov不稳定性，火焰失稳，形态复杂；随着障碍物阻塞率的增加，爆炸火焰到达障碍物所在位置的时间减小；复杂多孔障碍物对爆炸火焰有明显的激励作用，火焰传播速度随障碍物阻塞率的增加而增加；在所有试验中，火焰传播速度均在0.4～0.5 m的管段攀升至最大；障碍物阻塞率增加，管道出口端的最大爆炸压力增加，达到最大爆炸压力所需的时间增加，爆燃指数随障碍物上圆孔的间距增加而增加。     

障碍物压力反射特性对瓦斯爆炸传播影响的数值模拟研究*

为了研究不同形状障碍物对瓦斯爆炸传播的影响机理,对直径0.2 m、长6.5 m的密闭直管道内的瓦斯爆炸过程进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:在该实验条件下,对于火焰通过整个管道的时间,方形障碍物时间最长,球形障碍物与无障碍物时间接近,且用时最短;无障碍物时,在反射压力波作用下火焰传播速度存在明显的波动特性;有障碍物时,障碍物的诱导作用要大于反射压力波的作用,火焰传播的这种波动特性得到抑制,提升了火焰前锋向未燃区域传播的能力;压力波的波动频率与气流震荡、压力波反射叠加有关,波幅则主要与正向压力波和反射压力波的叠加效果有关。研究结果为煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故防治及隔抑爆技术应用提供技术支撑。     

甲烷爆炸传播过程膜状障碍物的激励效应研究

针对管状空间内膜状障碍物对甲烷爆炸传播的激励效应现象,基于机理分析进行了数值模拟和实验研究,计算分析薄膜附近爆炸冲击波压力峰值大小与火焰速度变化,同时运用激波管道进行相同工况条件下的实验,并对两者结果对比分析,发现有无膜状障碍物的压力峰值相差6倍以上。研究表明,膜状障碍物的激励效应是破膜以后形成的带压燃烧,提高了燃烧速率,导致甲烷爆炸的火焰传播速度剧增。实验结果一定意义诠释了同样数量的甲烷气体爆炸在不同环境内后果上的巨大差异,研究结果对矿井瓦斯爆炸事故调查及防治具有指导意义。     

瓦斯煤尘爆炸特性及传播规律研究进展

概要介绍国内外的瓦斯爆炸和瓦斯煤尘混合物爆炸特性及传播规律研究进展,瓦斯爆炸研究主要集中在瓦斯爆炸压力、火焰、温度等特征参数、不同障碍物对瓦斯爆炸压力、火焰传播的影响以及分岔、拐弯等不同形状管道内的传播规律,而瓦斯煤尘混合物爆炸研究主要集中在瓦斯对煤尘爆炸的最小点火能、爆炸下限、最大爆炸压力等爆炸特性及传播规律的影响。对不同研究人员采用的主要研究指标、手段、方法和研究结论进行综合评述,同时也对爆炸事故人员伤害模型在国内外的研究状况进行讨论,最后指出目前存在的主要问题和下一步的研究方向。     

以氢气为主要成分的其他可燃气体对低浓度甲烷爆炸特性的影响

为研究矿井火区中一氧化碳(CO)、氢气(H_2)、乙烯(C_2H_4)和乙烷(C_2H_6)等其他可燃气体对甲烷(CH_4)爆炸特性的影响,利用可视球形气体爆炸系统开展了多元可燃气体爆炸压力特性试验,观察并分析了峰值爆炸压力、最大爆炸压力上升速率及其相应时间。通过高速摄影系统拍摄了视窗范围内爆炸火焰传播图像,基于边缘检测方法确定了火焰前锋位置,继而得到最大火焰传播速度。分析了以氢气为主要成分的其他可燃气体对低浓度CH_4-空气混合物压力特性和火焰传播行为的影响。结果表明,多元可燃气体的存在增加了低浓度CH_4-空气混合物的爆炸危险性。随混合气体体积分数增加,低浓度CH_4-空气混合物的峰值爆炸压力、最大爆炸压力上升速率和最大火焰传播速度非线性增加;此外,到达峰值爆炸压力、最大爆炸压力上升速率的时间显著缩短。     

Experimental study on CO2/CF3I suppression of methane-air explosion and flame propagation

To explore the inhibitory effects of CF₃I and CO₂ gas on the explosion pressure and flame propagation characteristics of 9.5% methane, a spherical 20 L experimental explosion device was used to study the effect of the gas explosion suppressants on the maximum explosion pressure, maximum explosion pressure rise rate and flame propagation speed of methane. The results indicated that with a gradual increase in the volume fraction of the gas explosion suppressant, the maximum explosion pressure of methane and maximum explosion pressure rise rate gradually decreased, and the time taken to reach the maximum explosion pressure and maximum explosion pressure rise rate was gradually delayed. At the same time, the flame propagation speed gradually decreased. Additionally, the time taken for the flame to reach the edge of the window and the time taken for a crack as well as a cellular structure to appear on the flame surface was gradually delayed. The fluid dynamics uncertainty was suppressed. The explosion pressure and flame propagation processes were markedly suppressed, but the flame buoyancy instability was gradually enhanced. By comparing the effects of the two gas explosion suppressants on the pressure and flame propagation characteristics, it was found that at the same volume fraction, trifluoroiodomethane was significantly better than carbon dioxide in suppressing the explosion of methane. By comparing the reduction rates of the characteristic methane explosion parameters at a volume fraction of 9.5%, it was observed that the inhibitory effect of 4% trifluoroiodomethane on the maximum explosion pressure was approximately 4.6 times that of the same amount of carbon dioxide, and the inhibitory effect of 4% trifluoroiodomethane on the maximum explosion pressure rise rate and flame propagation speed was approximately 2.7 times that of the same amount of carbon dioxide. The addition of 0.5%–1.5% trifluoromethane to 4% and 8% carbon dioxide can improve the explosion suppression efficiency of carbon dioxide. This enhancing phenomenon is a comprehensive manifestation of the oxygen-decreasing effect of carbon dioxide and the trifluoroiodomethane-related endothermic effect and reduction in key free radicals.     

可燃气体爆炸破坏效应的试验研究

借助高速摄像机及ProAnalyst软件,研究可燃气体体积分数和障碍物对可燃气体爆炸破坏力的影响。测定不同体积分数下的甲烷-空气预混气体爆炸冲击波超压,和爆炸火焰波在有无乒乓球方向传播的平均速度。试验结果表明:超压和平均速度均随着甲烷体积分数的增加呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,其最大值均出现在甲烷体积分数为10%～11%之间;同一体积分数下的甲烷-空气预混气体爆炸火焰波在有乒乓球方向传播的平均速度比没有乒乓球方向传播的平均速度大。根据试验结果,推导出可燃气体爆炸冲击波超压和爆炸火焰波传播平均速度与可燃气体体积分数之间的函数关系,并得出障碍物对爆炸火焰波传播的加速作用随着体积分数的增加呈现先加强后减弱的变化趋势。     

障碍物对油气-空气混合气体泄压爆炸火焰传播特性影响

为了研究障碍物对油气泄压爆炸火焰传播特性的影响规律,进行了不同数量障碍物工况下的对比实验,并利用纹影仪和高速摄影仪记录了火焰传播过程,针对障碍物对火焰形态、火焰锋面位置及火焰传播速度的影响规律进行了研究,结果表明:圆柱体障碍物会导致油气泄压爆炸火焰形态产生褶皱和弯曲变形,诱导层流火焰向湍流火焰转变,加速火焰的传播,对油气泄压爆炸火焰的初始传播形态有显著影响;随着障碍物数量的增多,火焰锋面传播距离点火端的最大距离增大,但到达最远距离的时间减少;障碍物能够增强火焰的传播速度,尤其对障碍物下游火焰影响最为显著,随着障碍物数量的增多,火焰传播的最大速度也随之增大,但达到最大火焰传播速度的时间却随之减少;障碍物的存在增大了油气泄压爆炸过程外部爆炸压力,并且随着障碍物数量的增多,外部爆炸压力峰值增长幅度增大。     

Effects of hydrogen addition on the confined and vented explosion behavior of methane in air

Multi-component gas mixture explosion accidents occur and recur frequently, while the safety issues of multi-component gas mixture explosion for hydrogen–methane mixtures have rarely been addressed.Numerical simulation study on the confined and vented explosion characteristics of methane-hydrogen mixture in stoichiometric air was conducted both in the 5 L vessel and the 64 m³ chamber, involving different mixture compositions and initial pressures. Based on the results and analysis, it is shown that the addition of hydrogen has a negative effect on the explosion pressure of methane-hydrogen mixture at adiabatic condition. While in the vented explosion, the addition of the hydrogen has a significant positive effect on the explosion hazard degree. Additionally, the addition of hydrogen can induce a faster reactivity and enhance the sensitivity of the mixture by reducing the explosion time and increasing the rate of pressure rise both in confined and vented explosion. Both the maximum pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise increase with initial pressure as a linear function, and also rise with the increase of hydrogen content in fuel. The increase in the maximum rate of pressure rise is slight when hydrogen ratio is lower than 0.5, however, it become significant when hydrogen ratio is higher than 0.5. The maximum rate of pressure rise for stoichiometric hydrogen-air is about 10 times the one of stoichiometric methane-air.Furthermore, the vent plays an important role to relief pressure, causing the decrease in explosion pressure and rate of pressure rise, while it can greatly enhance the flame speed, which will extend the hazard range and induce secondary fire damages. Additionally it appears that the addition of hydrogen has a significant increasing effect on the flame speed. The propagation of flame speed in confined explosion can be divided into two stages, increase stage and decrease stage, higher hydrogen content, higher slope. But in the vented explosion, the flame speed keeps increasing with the distance from the ignition point.     

障碍物对火焰传播过程影响数值模拟

采用CFD软件AutoReaGas建立典型的物理模型及数值模型来研究管道内障碍物对可燃气体爆炸火焰传播的影响规律。结果表明,障碍物间距、阻塞率的改变会对爆炸场内的火焰传播速率产生巨大影响。障碍物间距的改变对火焰传播速率的影响是一个先增大后减小的过程;低阻塞率下,火焰传播速度较低。但随着阻塞率的增大可燃气体爆炸火焰传播速度得到明显的增大。为障碍物对可燃气体爆炸传播规律的影响的进一步研究提供了理论依据。     

障碍物对气体爆炸压力场影响数值模拟

气体爆炸是工业生产和生活领域中爆炸灾害的主要形式之一,研究障碍物对管道内可燃气体爆炸的影响规律具有十分重要的现实意义。运用计算流体动力学软件AutoReaGas,定量地研究了障碍物阻塞率、个数等因素对管道中预混乙炔/空气混和物爆炸压力场的影响规律。计算结果表明,障碍物的个数和阻塞比对管道内乙炔气体爆炸峰值超压均有显著影响。本文的研究结果对于预防和控制气体爆炸灾害有一定的借鉴作用。     

Interaction of flame instabilities and pressure behavior of hydrogen-propane explosion

The flame destabilization mechanism of hydrogen-propane-air mixture is firstly revealed. The effects of unstable flame formation on pressure rise rate and burning rate are quantified. Finally, the theoretical prediction of explosion pressure behavior is performed by considering diffusive-thermal and hydrodynamic instability. The results demonstrated that before the explosion pressure starts to climbe, as the propane fraction increases, the effective Lewis number of lean and stoichiometric mixture undergoes the transition from Le_eff < 1.0 to Le_eff > 1.0, the stabilizing effect of diffusive-thermal instability continues to reduce for the rich mixture. After the explosion pressure starts to climbe, the hydrogen-propane flame becomes more unstable, which is mainly attributed to enhancing hydrodynamic instability. The maximum rate of pressure rise and burning rate should be augmented by unstable flame formation, the flame instabilities must be considered in the explosion pressure evaluation.