自动力除尘器的研制

自动力除尘器是新型除尘器，其自身具有引风，净化和排气等功能，本文着重对该除尘器的结构及其特点作了分析，并与常用的负压式除尘系统作比较。     

SC系列多功能除尘器

ＳＣ系列多功能除尘器１除尘器的结构ＳＣ系列多功能除尘器的结构如图１所示，其主视图与俯视图见图２２工作原理从锅炉排出的带尘烟气，经引风机送入分风栅分风，在除尘器导向帽的作用下（参见图１），烟气流冲击烟室１中的吸收液，形成水花、水溅、水雾，使烟气与吸收液...     

我国袋式除尘器的技术进步

近十年来，我国袋式除尘产业获得迅速发展，技术不断进步，现分述如下：1袋式除尘器结构形式的改进袋式除尘器从小型单室结构发展到大型多室结构，过滤面积从几平米发展到几万平米，规模越来越大，耗钢量越来越多。因此，优化箱体结构，降低耗钢量已成为袋式除尘器技术进步的一个重要方面。1．1采用滤袋框架整体安装的单元组合形式，开发多种结构紧凑轻巧的袋式除尘器新产品。如KB型快装振打玻纤扁袋除尘器，利用玻纤织物抗拉伸，耐高温，易清灰的特点，将其来回搞折绷紧缝合在框架上，通过框架振打，实现清灰，耗钢量仅为15kg／m’，是我…     

外滤式分室反吹除尘器在淮钢集团3＊5t电炉上的应用

外滤式分室反吹除尘器采用多单元小仓室工艺结构，薄板式切换阀，以及ＰＬＣ自动控制，低平阻力曲线清灰工艺等技术，使除尘器稳定运行在低阻状态，不但解决了分室反吹类和脉冲类除尘器普遍容易出现的“高阻症”等问题，同时还具备了上述两类除尘器的主要优点。     

电除尘器结构的受力分析及优化设计

以建筑结构为基础，介绍了电除尘器结构的受力特点和除尘器结构的优化思路，达到以最优的结构设计最理想的产品的目的。     

循环流化床锅炉配套复合式静电多管除尘器

内蒙古锡林浩特热电有限责任公司将原铸铁多管除尘器改造为陶瓷多管除尘器，并对陶瓷管的布置方式和数量进行合理设计，提高了多管除尘器的除尘效率，同时，在陶瓷多管除尘器出口串联1台60m^2的1室2电场静电除尘器，组合成复合式静电多管除尘器。运行结果表明，此改造不仅解决了原除尘器存在的诸多问题，还节省了大量资金。     

旋风除尘器的性能及改进方案

介绍了旋风除尘器内部流场和除尘机理。针对旋风除尘器除尘效率问题分析、总结了现有的改进方法，指出了存在的不足，并结合前人的改进思路提出了新的改进方案，以提高旋风除尘器的分离效率，为进一步挖掘旋风除尘器的潜在性能开辟新的思路。     

新型电除尘技术在200MW机组改造上的应用

介绍了国电双鸭山发电有限公司2号炉200MW机组除尘系统改造项目（原水膜除尘器改造为电除尘器）。由于受场地限制,常规结构除尘器难以布置,故采用EEII-G新型电除尘器,该除尘器是在EEII型电除尘器技术基础上进行了优化改进,较好地利用了现场空间,也取得了满意的除尘效果。     

上海某电厂320MW 机组“电改袋”工程

针对上海某电厂4×320 MW机组中的3、4号炉电除尘器提标改造为袋式除尘器项目，介绍了改造背景、改造技术以及改造后袋式除尘器的运行情况。除尘器投运至今，运行稳定，各项指标达到设计要求。     

电-袋复合除尘器性能对比试验研究

通过现场工业试验，对比了不同过滤风速下，袋式除尘器和电-袋复合除尘器出口烟尘排放浓度、PM10分级效率和压力损失上升速率三个重要性能指标，给出了电-袋复合除尘器合理的过滤风速取值范围，为其大型化设计和推广应用提供了依据。     

Towards zero industrial waste: Utilisation of brick dust waste in sustainable construction

Laboratory investigations were carried out to establish the potential utilisation of brick dust (BD) in construction. The dust is a waste material from the cutting of fired clay bricks. Currently, the disposal of the dust is a problem to the brick fabrication company, and hence an environmental pollution concern. The dust was stabilised either used on its own or in combination with Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA), a by-product material from coal combustion. The traditional stabilisers of lime and/or Portland Cement (PC) were used as controls. The main aim was to use a sustainable stabiliser material, where these stabilisers were partially replaced with Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag (GGBS), a by-product material from steel manufacture. Compacted cylinder test specimens were made at typical stabiliser contents and moist cured for up to 56 days prior to testing for compressive and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) strength tests, and to linear expansion during moist curing and subsequent soaking in water. The results obtained showed that partial substitution of the dust with PFA resulted in stronger material compared to using it on its own. The blended stabilisers achieved better performance. These results suggest technological, economic as well as environmental advantages of using the brick dust and similar industrial by-products to achieve sustainable infrastructure development with near zero industrial waste.     

Prediction of unconfined compressive strength of cement paste containing industrial wastes

Neural network analysis was used to construct models of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) as a function of mix composition using existing data from literature studies of Portland cement containing real industrial wastes. The models were able to represent the known non-linear dependency of UCS on curing time and water content, and generalised from the literature data to find relationships between UCS and quantities of five waste types. Substantial decreases in UCS were caused by all wastes; except for EAF dust, the effect was nonlinear with the greatest decrease caused initially by approx. 12% plating sludge, 40% foundry dust, 58% other ash, and 72% MSWI fly ash by mass of dry product. It appears that the maximum waste additions used in modelling may approximate the practical limits of waste additions used in modelling may approximate the practical limits of waste addition to Portland cement, i.e., 50% plating sludge or EAF dust, 64% foundry dust, 92% other ash, and 85% MSWI fly ash by mass of dry product. The laboratory was found to be a key predictive variable and acted as a surrogate for laboratory-specific variables related to cement composition, strength and hardening class, product mixing and preparation details, laboratory conditions, and testing details. While the neural network modelling approach has been shown to be feasible, development of better models would require larger data sets with more complete information regarding laboratory-specific variables and waste composition.     

An alternative method for the treatment of waste produced at a dye and a metal-plating industry using natural and/or waste materials.

The aim of this study was to develop cost-effective, appropriate solidification technologies for treating hazardous industrial wastes that are currently disposed of in ways that may threaten the quality of local groundwater. One major objective was to use materials other than cement, and preferably materials that are themselves wastes, as the solidification additives, namely using wastes to treat wastes or locally available natural material. This research examines the cement-based and lime-based stabilization/solidification (S/S) techniques applied for waste generated at a metal-plating industry and a dye industry. For the lime-based S/S process the following binder mixtures were used: cement kiln dust/ lime, bentonite/lime and gypsum/lime. For the cement-based S/S process three binder mixtures were used: cement kiln dust/cement, bentonite/cement and gypsum/cement. The leachability of the wastes was evaluated using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. The applicability and optimum weight ratio of the binder mixtures were estimated using the unconfined compressive strength test. The optimum ratio mixtures were mixed with waste samples in different ratios and cured for 28 days in order to find the S/S products with the highest strength and lowest leachability at the same time. The results of this work showed that the cement-and lime-based S/S process, using cement kiln dust and bentonite as additives can be effectively used in order to treat industrial waste.     

The use of the removable thin film coating technique as an alternative to traditional decontamination methods to mitigate and abate hazardous particulates

This article summarizes a study that evaluated a new decontamination technique for the mitigation and abatement of hazardous dust and particulates. Traditional decontamination methods are time‐consuming, expensive, can create airborne hazards, and do not always bring the concentration of the contaminant to acceptable levels. The use of the removable thin film coating will increase efficiency, will not generate airborne hazards, will decrease costs, and, with one application, will bring the hazardous dust concentrations to acceptable levels. Qualitative tests demonstrated that the removable thin film coating reduced the amount of visible luminescent dust (a surrogate for hazardous dust) from various surfaces. It also indicated that wherever there were minute scratches, the coating did not remove all of the dust. However, the qualitative tests showed that this decontamination method worked well as a preventative method, protecting clean areas from becoming contaminated when exposed to the luminescent dust. Further investigation was conducted using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and carbon dust. Overall, the SEM experiment demonstrated that there was a statistically significant (p = 0.00007) removal of carbon dust (less than 10 μm in size) from surfaces with crevasses larger than 3 μm. The SEM also revealed that there were some limitations where there were large clusters of carbon dust; in these instances, the coating would tear and remain on the sample surface. One method to resolve this limitation involved adding Kevlar^TM fibers to the removable thin film coating. It was thought that this would increase the strength of the coating and eliminate the coating from tearing when removing large clusters of a contaminant. Unfortunately, this did not alleviate the issue. The use of an engineered textile, saturated with the coating, appeared to eliminate the problem with the coating not being able to remove the contaminant from the minute surface scratches and improved the removal process of the coating. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Feature of Dust Particles in the Spring Free Troposphere over Dunhuang in Northwestern China: Electron Microscopic Experiments on Individual Particles Collected with a Balloon-borne Impactor

Free tropospheric aerosol particles were collected using a balloon-borne particle impactor in August of 2002 and March of 2003 at Dunhuang in northwestern China (40°00′N, 94°30′E), and the morphology and elemental composition of the aerosol particles were analyzed in order to understand the mixing state of coarse dust particles (diameter >1 μm) over the desert areas in the Asian continent in spring. Electron microscopic experiments on the particles revealed that dust particles were major constituents of coarse mode particles in the free troposphere over the Taklamakan Desert in spring and summer. Si-rich or Ca-rich particles are major components of dust particles collected in the free troposphere over dunhuang and the values of [number of Ca-rich particles]/[number of Si-rich particles] differs markedly between spring and summer, being about 0.3 in the spring of 2003 and about 1.0 in the summer of 2002 at heights 3–5 km above sea level. It is likely that the condition of the ground surface and the strength of vertical mixing in source areas of Asian dust are potential factors causing the difference in the chemical types of dust particles. Comparison of the elemental compositions of these particles with those of particles collected over Japan strongly suggests that these particles were chemically modified during their long-range transport in the free troposphere. Analysis of wind systems shows that both the predominating westerly wind in the free troposphere and the surface wind strongly controlled by the geographical structure of the Tarim Basin are important in the long-range transport of KOSA particles originating in the Taklamakan Desert.     

可调频高声强声波吹灰器在烟气脱硝中的应用浅析

对SCR脱硝催化剂积灰堵塞原因及对空预器的影响进行了简要分析。介绍了SCR催化剂使用可调频高声强声波吹灰器进行声疲劳和抗压强度试验,结果表明,该新型声波吹灰器不会对SCR催化剂造成损坏。     

Numerical Simulation of Synoptic Condition on a Severe Sand Dust Storm

By using observational data and MM5, an observational analysisand numerical study was conducted on the synoptic condition of a severe dust storm that was caused by a Mongolian cyclone whichoccurred from 6 to 8 April 2001. Results illustrated thatthe cyclogenesis was due to the isentropic potential vorticity (IPV) advection in the upper troposphere and the terrain modifiedbaroclinicity in the mid-lower troposphere. The Altai-Sayan complex of mountains blocked the lower level cold air and made the isentropic surface sharply steep. When the air slid down along the isentropic surface the increasing of baroclinicity anddecreasing of stability blew up the vertical vorticity development.The formation of the dust storm was a result of a cyclonic cold front passing across the area. The occurrence of this dust stormwas closely related to the strong surface wind, which was accompanied by a cold front passing, rather than the cyclogenesis, itself. Hence, the reason for the pre-front dust storm formulation was the formation of heating convection. Reasons behind the formation of a black storm (visibilitylower than 50 m), which occurred in the mid-north part ofInner Mongolia, lay in several aspects. Firstly, in thisarea the surface wind was strong, a direct result of thedownward transport in mid-lower troposphere. Secondly,the cold front passed over the effected area near sunsetso the air obtained much more surface heating to form adeeper mixed layer (ML). Thirdly, cooperation between thelower level wind and the terrain made the atmosphere inthis area and acquired the maximum advective contributionnecessary to form a deep post-front ML. The sensitivityexperiment revealed that surface heat flux was important to the frontal lifting. In addition, the forcing of surface heating wasalso seen as the primary forcing mechanism of frontogenesis. Meanwhile, removal of the surface heat flux made the atmosphericstratification became stable and the pre-storm ML very shallow,which weakened the strength of the dust storm.     

烟尘浓度分布对二次扬尘影响的探讨

电除尘器内电场断面烟尘浓度呈非均匀性分布,它是产生振打二次扬尘的重要原因之一,通过改善电场内部气流分布状况和使用出口向上的出气箱,可以减少振打二次扬尘,从而达到电除尘器高效除尘的目的。     

采用花岗岩水膜除尘器燃煤锅炉脱硫和除尘的工艺改造

为了使现有花岗岩水膜除尘器的燃煤锅炉烟气净化达标排放,在不更换水膜除尘器的前提下,探讨和比较了后继烟气吸收装置喷淋塔和鼓泡塔的脱硫和除尘机理,提出改进措施。该技术具有工艺流程简单,建设和运行成本低,适用于由于历史原因仍有相当大数量使用的花岗岩水膜除尘器的烟气净化工艺路线的改造。     

铅冶炼烟尘的物性分析及浸出性研究

采用XRF、XRD、激光粒度分析、DTA-TG、FTIR以及SEM-EDS等技术,对某铅冶炼厂烟尘（简称烟尘）进行了物性分析,并采用稀硫酸对烟尘进行了浸出性研究。分析结果表明：烟尘所含主要元素为Pb,Zn,Cd,Cl,S,As;烟尘是氧化物、硫酸盐、硅酸盐、硫化物和砷化物等物质的混合物,主要物相为ZnO,PbO,PbSO₄,CdO,CdS;烟尘颗粒大小不一,形状各异,多呈相互黏结或包裹状。实验结果表明：在ρ（硫酸）=120 g/L、浸出时间30 min、液固比（稀硫酸体积（mL）与烟尘质量（g）之比）20∶1、浸出温度60 ℃的条件下,Pb,Zn,Cd,As,Cl的浸出率分别达到0.16%,98.95%,49.36%,89.12%,99.31%。