环境空气中二氧化硫的测定甲醛吸收—副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法验证报告

环境空气中二氧化硫的测定甲醛吸收—副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法验证报告田仪芳，谢清成，魏海萍（上海市环境监测中心，２０００３０）１．概述甲醛吸收一副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法（以下称甲醛法）测定空气中二氧化硫，首先由美国Ｐ·Ｋ·Ｄａｓｇｕｐｔａ在１９８０年《Ａｎａｌ...     

水和气中甲醛测定方法的比较

GB13197—1991《水质甲醛测定乙酰丙酮分光光度法》（简称《水法》）是测定水中甲醛浓度的国标方法,与GB／T15516—1995《空气质量甲醛测定乙酰丙酮分光光度法》（简称《气法》）测定气中甲醛浓度的方法原理一致,但分析细节中存在着差异。《水法》规定,取水样25mL,加0．5％乙酰丙酮溶液2．5mL,于45℃～60℃水浴中显色30min,冷却后比色。     

室内空气中甲醛的测定方法

介绍了室内空气中甲醛的危害和主要来源，综述了甲醛的测定方法：分光光度法、色谱法、光学法、传感器法和极谱法。     

乙酰丙酮荧光分光光度法测定环境空气中的微量甲醛

建立了乙酰丙酮荧光分光光度法测定空气中微量甲醛的方法,选择了最佳实验条件,考察了多种共存物的影响及最大允许量.该方法最低检出限为0.0034μg/ml,相对标准偏差为5.6%,测定空气中甲醛的最低浓度为0.0057mg/m3,可满足室内外环境空气中甲醛本底及受甲醛污染环境的监测.     

分光光度法测定室内空气中甲醛的方法研究

针对室内空气中甲醛的特点,在环境空气甲醛的测定方法—乙酰丙酮分光光度法(GB/T15516-95)的基础上,进一步优化了该方法的采样时间、采样流量、样品收集器等,使优化后的测定方法更加适应室内空气监测需要的准确性、简便性、快速性的特点。     

大气中二氧化硫测定方法的改进

在甲醛冲溶液吸收-盐酸副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法测定SO2中，将原10mLB 管改为25mL比色管，测定SO2的效果较好。     

国家环保总局发布7项水环境污染物监测方法标准

为提高环境监测工作的规范化程度，保证工作质量，2007年3月12日，国家环保总局批准并发布了7项国家水环境污染物监测方法标准，新标准自2007年5月1日起实施。此次新发布的标准包括《水质汞的测定冷原子荧光法》《水质硫酸盐的测定铬酸钡分光光度法》《水质氯化物的测定硝酸汞滴定法》《水质锰的测定甲醛肟分光光度法》《水质铁的测定邻菲哕啉分光光度法》《水质硝酸盐氮的测定紫外分光光度法》《水质粪大肠菌群的测定多管发酵法和滤膜法》等。这些监测方法标准主要是为满足实施《地表水环境质量标准》的需要而制定。     

盐酸付玫瑰苯胺分光光度法测定大气中甲醛

本文选用亚硫酸氢钠等混合液作吸收液采集大气中的甲醛,再用盐酸副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法测定甲醛含量.确定了测定最佳条件,使方法具有灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强、采集样品稳定等特点.方法检出限0.32μg/5ml,可测定甲醛浓度范围0.01～0.30mg/m~3.适用于大气外环境和居室内微环境空气中甲醛含量的测量.     

水体中酚类化合物分光光度分析方法的研究

对国内外水体中酚类化合物现有的分光光度分析方法进行了文献综述 ,内容包括可见光分光光度法、紫外光分光光度法、荧光分光光度法和流动注射分光光度法。在总结归纳的基础上 ,提出了水体中酚类化合物分光光度分析方法的发展方向。     

S02标准溶液保存期的探讨

GB/T 1526-94《空气和废气检测分析方法(3版)》中甲醛吸收-副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法规定,10.00mg/L SO_2标准溶液放在冰箱(5℃,下同)的保存期为3个月～6个月,否则需重新配制并标定。SO_2标准溶液的配制及标定步骤较繁琐,且SO_2标准溶液标定后需用甲醛溶液稀释,而甲醛是     

对品红亚硫酸光度法测定废水中的甲醛

本文研究了方法的显色条件、抗干扰性，成功地应用该方法测定了高浓度有机废水。方法的精密度６％，回收率９１％，检测下限０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

A method to the impact assessment of the returning grazing land to grassland project on regional eco-environmental vulnerability

The Chinese government has conducted the Returning Grazing Land to Grassland Project (RGLGP) across large portions of grasslands from western China since 2003. In order to explore and understand the impact in the grassland's eco-environment during the RGLGP, we utilized Projection Pursuit Model (PPM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) to develop a spatial assessment model to examine the ecological vulnerability of the grassland. Our results include five indications: (1) it is practical to apply the spatial PPM on ecological vulnerability assessment for the grassland. This methodology avoids creating an artificial hypothesis, thereby providing objective results that successfully execute a multi-index assessment process and analysis under non-linear systems in eco-environments; (2) the spatial PPM is not only capable of evaluating regional eco-environmental vulnerability in a quantitative way, but also can quantitatively demonstrate the degree of effect in each evaluation index for regional eco-environmental vulnerability; (3) the eco-environment of the Xianshui River Basin falls into the medium range level. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land use cover and change (LUCC) crucially influence the Xianshui River Basin's eco-environmental vulnerability. Generally, in the Xianshui River Basin, regional eco-environmental conditions improved during 2000 and 2010. The RGLGP positively affected NDVI and LUCC structure, thereby promoting the enhancement of the regional eco-environment; (4) the Xianshui River Basin divides its ecological vulnerability across different levels; therefore our study investigates three ecological regions and proposes specific suggestions for each in order to assist in eco-environmental protection and rehabilitation; and lastly that (5) the spatial PPM established by this study has the potential to be applied on all types of grassland eco-environmental vulnerability assessments under the RGLGP and under the similar conditions in the Returning Agriculture Land to Forest Project (RALFP). However, when establishing an eco-environmental vulnerability assessment model, it is necessary to choose suitable evaluation indexes in accordance with regional eco-environmental characteristics.     

空气或废气中挥发性醛、酮的气相色谱法测定

本文研究采用了空气或废气中挥发性醛、酮类化合物在常温下经２，４二硝基苯肼（ＤＮＰＨ）的酸性饱和溶液吸收，分别形成各自的腙，用ＣＳ２萃取后，经气相色谱法（ＧＣＦＩＤ）以３％ＳＥ３０／ＣｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｒｂＷＨＰ８０１００目为固定相和载体，分离测定，对空气或废气中的甲醛、乙醛、丙烯醛、丁醛、丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮等的测定，获得较满意的结果。     

Characteristics of atmospheric carbonyls and VOCs in Forest Park in South China

The diurnal variation of atmospheric carbonyls and VOCs in a forest in south China were studied in summer 2004. Twenty kinds of carbonyls and eight kinds of VOCs were identified and quantified. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the two most abundant carbonyls, while the most abundant VOCs were isoprene, followed by o-xylene. Most C₃-C₁₀ carbonyls had higher concentrations from 09:00 to 15:00, and their levels were lower during night-time and often reached the lowest in early morning. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, however, showed two high levels in their diurnal patterns partly due to their different sources and sinks. The VOCs had different diurnal patterns compared to most carbonyls. The highest concentrations were observed from 03:00 to 06:00 for 1-butene, from 06:00 to 12:00 for isoprene, and from 12:00 to 15:00 for α-pinene. The highest levels for aromatic hydrocarbons occurred during midnight and the lowest in late afternoon. According to the study, emissions from vegetation and photo-oxidation of gas-phase hydrocarbons were the main sources for some carbonyls and VOCs in this region. Other compounds, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and BTEX, showed anthropogenic sources.     

室内甲醛污染及对人体健康的影响

通过对三种不同类型居室内甲醛监测表明,甲醛浓度与室内装饰、吸烟和燃料的不完全燃烧有关.兰州地区夏季室内甲醛超标率高,为41.0％～51.3％.室内主要污染物除TSP以外,甲醛居第2位,且一天中浓度最高值在中午.新建居室比普通居室甲醛浓度高,在所有情况下,室内浓度高于室外.     

乌鲁木齐河水环境质量及变化趋势分析

通过对乌鲁木齐河近十年(2001—2010年)水质监测数据的分析,结果表明,"十一五"期间乌鲁木齐河上游水质较好,为Ⅰ类或Ⅱ类水质,中下游均受到较为严重的有机污染,为劣Ⅴ类水质,主要污染物为粪大肠菌群、化学需氧量、氨氮、石油类;各监测断面水质总体保持稳定,水质污染形势依然严峻。水污染治理措施取得一定成效。与"十五"相比,"十一五"期间乌鲁木齐河水质明显改善,综合污染指数进一步下降,跃进桥断面水质类别由Ⅱ类水质变为Ⅰ类,英雄桥断面水质类别由Ⅲ类水质变为Ⅱ类。根据分析评价结果,提出了改善水环境质量的对策和建议。     

浅析建设项目“三同时”验收监测“大负荷”与“小负荷”的把握

对现有的以"大负荷"为衡量指标的"三同时"验收监测生产负荷考核思路进行了介绍。列举监测实例,说明验收监测只单一考核全厂生产"大负荷"不关注各工段"小负荷"对验收结果的影响,并提出了解决措施。     

新疆煤炭资源开发可持续的几点建议

新疆煤炭资源丰富,"十二五"期间煤炭计划开采量将近4×108t,这必然会对新疆极其脆弱的生态环境产生不利影响。本文首先分析了新疆煤炭资源开发的总体趋势,然后根据自治区党委、政府确立的"环保优先、生态立区"发展战略和"资源开发可持续、生态环境可持续"发展道路,就如何实现煤炭资源开发可持续提几点建议,为自治区各级政府决策提供参考依据。     

“十一五”期间新疆大气降尘量时空分布特征及影响因素分析

通过对"十一五"期间新疆134个大气降尘监测点位数据进行统计分析发现,"十一五"期间,全疆年均降尘量维持在22.2~24.6 t/km2.月,变化幅度小于10%。一年内降尘主要集中在3~6月份,占全年降尘量的51%。在空间分布上,新疆年均降尘量呈现明显的南疆高于北疆的特征,南疆五地、州的总降尘量占全疆总降尘量的70.2%,为新疆降尘的主要集中区。特殊的气象、生态环境是决定新疆大气降尘时空分布特征的主要因素。     

环境监测实验室认可中应关注的若干问题

对《检测和校准实验室能力认可准则》（简称《准则》）实施中关于有效性评价实施不到位、关注实验室法律文本的法律性、把握不符合项的实施准确性、实验室CNAS能力验证、测量不确定度政策落实不到位等问题进行了探讨。指出,应从环境监测实验室管理实际出发,深刻理解《准则》的管理要求和作用,以《准则》规范实验室行为,不断改进和完善实验室管理体系建设,确保管理体系持续有效运行。