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Junfeng Dou Fuqiang Fan Aizhong Ding Lirong Cheng Raju Sekar Hongting Wang Shuairan Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(5):956-962
An amperometric biosensor based on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) was developed for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. The extent of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) deactivation was determined and quantified for pesticide concentrations in water samples. An enzyme immobilization adsorption procedure and polyacrylamide gel matrix polymerization were used for fabrication of the biosensor, with minimal losses in enzyme activity. The optimal conditions for enzyme catalytic reaction on the SPEs surfaces were acetylthiocholine chloride (ATChCl) concentration of 5 mmol/L, pH 7 and reaction time of 4 min. The detection limits for three organophosphorus pesticides (dichlorvos, monocrotophs and parathion) were in the range of 4 to 7 g/L when an AChE amount of 0.1 U was used for immobilization. 相似文献
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A gas chromatographic method without derivatization was developed for the residue analysis of 10 organonitrogen and 9 organophosphorus pesticides in soil and water. The samples were blended or shaken with acetone for extraction. The extracts were cleaned up by coagulation, then, re-extracted with three 50 ml portions of dichloromethane. The final residue was detected by gas chromatography equipped with NPD. All of the 19 pesticides were completely separated at a constant temperature. The method described above was applicable to the simultaneous determination of 10 organonitrogen and 9 organophosphorus pesticides .in soil and water with the satisfactory recovery (from 82.42% to 103.57%), coefficient of variance (from 0.17% to 12.57%) and limit of detection (from 0.0006 ppm to 0.058 ppm). 相似文献
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基于微板藻毒性试验测定5个有机磷农药与4个三嗪类农药的单个及联合毒性.根据半数效应浓度(EC50),对斜生栅藻96h生长抑制的毒性大小顺序为:西草净>阿特拉津>扑灭通>苯嗪草酮>草甘膦>敌敌畏>磷胺>乙酰甲胺磷>甲胺磷.这表明直接干扰光合作用电子传输的三嗪除草剂的藻毒性明显大于有机磷农药.以通用浓度加和作为参考模型,三嗪类农药按EC50和EC10(10%效应浓度)浓度比的混合物对斜生栅藻呈现加和毒性.有机磷农药按EC50和EC10浓度比的混合物在低浓度呈现加和毒性,在高浓度呈现协同毒性.有机磷与三嗪类农药按EC50和EC10浓度比的混合物在低浓度为加和毒性,在高浓度为协同毒性. 相似文献
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Qingxiang Zhou Yalin Wu Yi Sun Xueying Sheng Yayan Tong Jinghan Guo Boyao Zhou Jingyi Zhao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(4):64-73
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have received much attention due to their toxicity. Reliable methods to monitor their residues in the environment are needed. Here, magnetic polyamidoamine dendrimers were prepared by co-precipitation, Michael addition, and amidation. The magnetic polyamidoamine dendrimers demonstrated good adsorption ability for OCPs—this feature was utilized to construct a sensitive tool for monitoring OCPs in water samples. The proposed method provided remarkable linearity from 0.1 to 500 μg/L and satisfactory limits of detection from 0.012 to 0.029 μg/L. The spiked recoveries of the four target analytes were 91.8%?103.5% with relative standard deviations less than 4.5%. The magnetic materials had good reusability. The results indicated that the resulting method was an efficient, easy, rapid, economical, and eco-friendly tool for monitoring OCPs in aqueous samples. 相似文献
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Zhimin QIANG Weiwei BEN ChinPao HUANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(4):397-409
The degradation of selected chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) exemplified by trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1-dichloroethylene
(DCE), and chloroform (CF) was investigated with Fenton oxidation process. The results indicate that the degradation rate
was primarily affected by the chemical structures of organic contaminants. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) preferred to attack the
organic contaminants with an electron-rich structure such as chlorinated alkenes (i.e., TCE and DCE). The dosing mode of Fenton’s
reagent, particularly of Fe2+, significantly affected the degradation efficiency of studied organic compound. A new “time-squared” kinetic model, C = C
o
exp(−k
obs
t
2), was developed to express the degradation kinetics of selected CAHs. This model was applicable to TCE and DCE, but inapplicable
to CF due to their varied reaction rate constants towards ?OH. Chloride release was monitored to examine the degree of dechlorination
during the oxidation of selected CAHs. TCE was more easily dechlorinated thanDCE and CF.Dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) was identified
as the major reaction intermediate in the oxidation of TCE, which could be completely removed as the reaction proceeded. No
reaction intermediates or byproducts were identified in the oxidation of DCE and CF. Based on the identified intermediate,
the reaction mechanism of TCE with Fenton’s reagent was proposed. 相似文献
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加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取及铜粉净化技术在土壤有机氯农药分析中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对比了索氏提取、超声提取和加速溶剂萃取样品前处理方法在土壤中有机氯农药的萃取效果,首次采用两级温度相结合的加速溶剂萃取方式,兼顾不同挥发性萃取物的萃取效果,建立了土壤中有机氯农药的加速溶剂萃取样品前处理方法.萃取液经无水硫酸钠脱水、Florisil柱脱色和铜粉除硫后,进色谱分析,目标组分能有效避免杂质干扰,实现基线分离.实验结果表明,在优化条件下,8种有机氯农药检出限在0.05~0.20μg·kg-1之间,空白加标回收率为74.9%~124.8%,RSD为3.1%~8.8%;标准样品实验中,α-HCH及DDTs均在标准值范围内,加标回收率在78.5%~117.9%之间. 相似文献