兼氧混合菌对亚甲基蓝废水生物降解实验研究

采用厦门某生物科技有限公司提供的兼氧混合菌为研究对象,利用相关设备进行中试实验,验证了该项技术的可行性。同时探究了重金属对该混合菌种生物降解能力的影响,通过中试实验研究后发现5mg/L的重铬酸钾和硫酸铜均对该混合菌种的生物降解能力有一定的影响,并且硫酸铜的影响大于重铬酸钾。此外该技术对甲基橙、刚果红废水也有一定的生物降解能力,这为兼氧混合菌用于印染废水处理提供了实验依据。     

石油污染物生物降解试验研究

在用人工方法改变微生物所处的环境条件下进行了生物降解试验研究,以三种不同水平的碳氮比、含油量及投菌量进行了三因素、三水平正交实验。实验结果表明,在相同温度下,温度小于或等于30 ℃时,固体菌的降解效果优于液体菌;在不同温度下,30 ℃时,固体菌的降解效果最好。最终确定出石油污染物生物降解的最佳工艺条件:温度小于或等于30 ℃,接种量为10:1,碳氧比为100:10。     

微生物降解炼油厂含酚废水的实验研究

采用燕化集团公司炼油事业部污水厂的活性污泥为菌源 ,好氧条件下通过分离、驯化筛选出三种高效降酚微生物。并在实验室模拟三相生物流化床分别对人工含酚废水和燕山石化炼油厂含酚废水进行降解实验 ,结果显示 ,在三相生物流化床中使用微生物包埋法制作的海藻酸钙载体处理含酚废水 ,3小时段内降酚显著 ,t -testP <0 0 1,处理效果良好 ,并以海藻酸钠为主要原料制作载体可以极大降低处理成本     

水解酸化对感光胶片废水生化反应动力学系数的影响

采用水解酸化工艺可有效地提高工业废水中难生物降解有机物的可生化性,为后续好氧生化处理创造有利条件。本试验在对感光胶片废水采用水解酸化－活性污泥法工艺和常规活性污泥法进行平行对照试验的基础上,从生化反应动力学系数的角度研究水解酸化过程对好氧生化反应的影响。研究结果表明：经水解酸化处理后,在该废水的ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤＣｒ比值从０４６－０４８提高至０５４－０５６的同时,后续活性污泥系统的动力学半速度数Ｋｓ从常规活性污泥法的４５９毫克／升下降至１０３毫克／升,最大比降解速度Ｋ从３０／日上升至５０／日,可用于表征该工业废水可生化性和后续好氧化物处理效果改善和提高的程度。     

偶氮染料的厌氧——好氧生物降解过程和影响因素

偶氮染料是总量最大、种类最多的合成染料,其降解处理通常采用厌氧-好氧技术。厌氧过程可实现偶氮染料的还原,好氧过程则完成还原产物芳香胺的去除。厌氧过程受偶氮染料结构和浓度、底物的种类和浓度、其他电子受体、氧化还原介体、温度和DO等环境因素以及水力停留时间的影响。好氧条件下芳香胺的降解过程受其自身的结构、浓度、外加碳源以及降解体系等影响,且自氧化过程影响了芳香胺的生物降解。在实际废水处理中应创造良好的条件提高偶氮染料的厌氧一好氧生物降解效率。     

含氮杂环化合物的生物降解研究进展

杂环化合物是焦化、印染、农药等工业废水中常见的有机污染物,是造成这类废水难生物降解的主要原因。本文介绍了国内外对含氮杂环化合物在好氧、厌氧、缺氧条件下以及共基质条件下生物降解性能的研究进展,总结了部分菌种对杂环化合物的降解途径,并对一些现象从分子结构和电荷特性等方面给予了解释。最后对含氮杂环化合物的生物降解提出了进一步的研究方向。     

活性炭纤维（ACF）脱硫动力学研究

本文在消除内外扩散的条件下对SO2－O2－N2－H2O（g）体系下,自制ACF脱除气相中二氧公硫的过程进行了动力学研究。认为在F＞400ml/min时可消除外扩散的影响。在空速为5000Nm3／tACF*h～24000Nm3／tACF*h,SO2浓度为0.1%～0.5%,氧浓度为1%～14%,反应温度为323K～403K,增湿温度在313K～363K之间探讨了温度、水、SO2及O2对ACF脱硫性能的影响,求出了反应动力学方程为rD＝0.006exp(-8852.8/RT)Cso20.4936Co20.7381CH2O0.7021。     

大孔吸附树脂（XH—1）处理含酚废水的研究

本文就XH－1型大孔吸附树脂对含酚废水处理性能进行了研究，探索了吸附平衡时间，确立了吸附体系Freundjich等温式，找到了树脂在不同再生剂中最佳工艺条件，发吸附，脱附过程分别具有二级和一级反应动力学特征，并得到其表现活化能。     

大孔吸附树脂（XH－1）处理含酚废水的研究

本文就ＸＨ－１型大孔吸附树脂对含酚废水处理性能进行了研究，探索了吸附平衡时间，确立了吸附体系Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温式，找到了树脂在不同再生剂中最佳工艺条件，发现了吸附、脱附过程分别具有二级和一级反应动力学特征，并得到其表现活化能．     

极端环境下的石油烃生物降解及其在生物修复中的应用

文章综合论述了微生物在高温、低温、高盐等极端条件下对石油烃的生物降解过程,研究了生物降解在生物修复中的应用效果。同时,还介绍了对于强酸、强碱及高压条件下石油烃生物降解的研究状况,论述了研究石油烃生物降解对开发和丰富微生物资源的重要性。     

Application of a chemically modified green macro alga as a biosorbent for phenol removal

Phenol and substituted phenols are toxic organic pollutants present in tannery waste streams. Environmental legislation defines the maximum discharge limit to be 5–50 ppm of total phenols in sewers. Thus the efforts to develop new efficient methods to remove phenolic compounds from wastewater are of primary concern. The present work aims at the use of a modified green macro alga (Caulerpa scalpelliformis) as a biosorbent for the removal of phenolic compounds from the post-tanning sectional stream. The effects of initial phenol concentration, contact time, temperature and initial pH of the solution on the biosorption potential of macro algal biomass have been investigated. Biosorption of phenol by modified green macro algae is best described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Biosorption kinetics of phenol onto modified green macro algal biomass were best described by a pseudo second order model. The maximum uptake capacity was found to be 20 mg of phenol per gram of green macro algae. A Boyd plot confirmed the external mass transfer as the slowest step involved in the biosorption process. The average effective diffusion coefficient was found to be 1.44 × 10⁻⁹ cm²/s. Thermodynamic studies confirmed the biosorption process to be exothermic.     

焦化废水脱酚的工艺研究

为脱除焦化废水中的酚，本文研究了新型化学破乳法液膜脱酚的工艺，确定了搅拌塔操作条件，并实际应用于焦化厂含酚废水的处理中，结果表明该工艺具有良好的脱酚效果。     

利用缺氧反硝化处理难降解有机物的探讨

本文研究了厌氧、缺氧实验夺件下难降解苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯的同分异构体（BTEX）的生物降解性能。得出了不同底物的厌氧降解变化情况和缺氧降解条件下不同底物适宜的C／N比。通过对实验结果的分析，初步确定了不同底物具有各不相同的C／N比的原因，同时得出了缺氧反硝化与厌氧生物降解过程有可能同时发生的结论。     

含醛废水脱水塔的改造

由于润滑油糠醛精制装置的脱水塔底排放废水中糠醛含量超标,对脱水塔进行了相关改造。从近一年的运行情况看,收到了较好的效果。装置内醛含量明显下降,操作稳定。取样分析表明,废水中糠醛含量大幅度下降,合格率达93.3%。改造前脱水塔塔顶压力为0.03 MPa,改造后塔顶压力为0MPa。脱水塔底排放的废水中醛含量下降了98%,汽提蒸汽量减少了50%,减少了环境污染,每年约获得2万元的经济效益。     

工业污水可生物降解性评价方法研究

针对生化系统经常遭受异常进水或毒性物质冲击的情况,提出了以耗氧速率(OUR)和相对耗氧速率(SOUR)快速评价污水可生物降解性的方法,以提高活性污泥系统的处理效率和运行管理水平。试验结果表明:OUR和SOUR对异常pH值水质条件以及苯酚、甲醛和甲醇等毒性物质的存在都非常敏感。对于大庆石化公司水气厂化工污水处理场的活性污泥来说,甲醛对微生物的毒性最强,甲醇次之,而苯酚则最弱。化工污水处理场活性污泥对三者的允许浓度分别为70、170、350 mg/L。     

苯酚降解菌Y_1的分离与鉴定

旨在从微生物降解的角度出发,解决苯酚大量应用带来的含酚废水对环境污染问题.采用富集培养、驯化筛选和平板划线等方法,从某化工厂废水中分离得到4株苯酚降解菌.利用4-氨基吡啉分光光度法测定其苯酚降解能力,筛选出降解率较高的菌株Y_1.经形态学观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析,将该菌初步鉴定为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Ba...     

吹脱法处理化肥厂氨氮废水的研究

在实验的基础上选用塔滤吹脱——接触氧化工艺处理化肥厂氨氨废水,使出水浓度低于10mg/l;井提出实验室最佳运行参数及工艺流程;采用空气预热的方法较好地解决了严寒地区结冰期吹脱塔运行的问题,通过控制 pH 值和选用塑料条板填料克服了塔内结垢的弊端。     

Reuse of wastewater for industrial needs: the Pontedera case

This paper presents result from an economic and technical point of view evaluation study, which has sought to establish the potential for replacing well-water that is currently used at the Piaggio industrial plant in Pontedera with recycled wastewater. The study is based upon a pilot wastewater treatment plant, which has been used to test wastewater treatment processes and to compare with achieved quality of recycled waters with that of water drawn on-site from physical/chemical pre-treatment and end with a reverse osmosis and air stripping stage. However, after the physical/chemical pre-treatment, the first option uses oxidation with ozone followed by activated carbon filtration, whereas the second method uses ultrafiltration. The first method is more effective at reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) whereas the second method is more effective in removing bacteria. Nonetheless, both methods deliver water for re-use of a quality comparable with or better than that of well-water. In principle, the reverse osmosis permeate from either process could be re-used in all production phases at the industrial plant. However, the method base upon oxidation with ozone followed by activated carbon filtration is preferred, because, the process is simpler and continuous. The economic analysis of this process gives an estimated cost of Euro 0.55 per m³ for treated water. This compares favorably with other treatment processes and with the cost of other forms of water supply, which are projected to increase in any case.     

Enzymatic oxidative transformation of chlorophenol mixtures

Chlorinated phenols are major industrial and agricultural xenobiotics that pollute soil and ground water. It has been shown that laccases catalyze the oxidative coupling of phenolic compounds. Therefore, the transformation of one or a mixture of several chlorinated phenols by a laccase from the fungus Trametes villosa was studied. Generally, if more than one phenol was added, the transformation of chlorinated phenols decreased, and if the concentration of the laccase was increased, the transformation of the phenols was enhanced. There were exceptions to these observations: for instance, the transformation of 0.1 mM 4-chlorophenol incubated with 1 mM 2,4-dichlorophenol in buffered salt solutions was not enhanced if the concentration of the laccase was increased from 2 to 20 DMP units/mL. The reason for the reduced transformation of chlorinated phenols in the presence of additional phenols is still unknown. However, in spite of some limitations, the application of laccase to decontaminate wastewater polluted with chlorinated phenols appears feasible.