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氯乙酸母液氢解制氯乙酸 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以氯乙酸母液和氢气为原料,开发了氢解制氯乙酸的新工艺。文中介绍了氢解了反应原理和工艺流程,并介绍了母液预处理,催化剂筛选及氢解反应条件等试验。中试验连续运转的结果表明,工艺路线合理可行,催化剂活性稳定,单程氢解产品产率达到94%以上,产品氯乙酸的质量达到行业标准,装置运行安全可靠。 相似文献
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乙烯撑二氨基苯磺酸生产中磺化废酸的处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对乙烯撑二氨基苯磺酸生产过程中产生的磺化废酸采用浓缩法进行处理,得到的浓硫酸顺生产中使用。废酸浓缩装置的工艺简单,投资少,建设周期短,运行平稳,1年内即可收回投资,经济效益显著。该装置的建成投产,大大改善了周围环境,具有明显的环境效益。 相似文献
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醇酮废水硝酸氧化液分离己二酸的工艺研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了从以醇酮废水为原料生产混合二元酸的硝酸氧化液中分离已二酸的工艺过程和操作条件,采用结晶-活性炭脱色-重结晶的方法,先由醇酮废水硝酸氧化液中结晶分离出粗己二酸,再对粗己二酸进行脱色、重结晶,干燥得到精己二酸。己二酸的结晶条件:结晶时间180min、结晶终温不低于35℃;粗己二酸活性炭脱色条件:脱色温度75℃、活性炭加入量为粗己二酸的8%、脱色时间90min。分离出的己二酸与混合二元酸的质量比为1:2,己二酸产品的纯度为99%以上、熔点151~152℃、Pt—Co色号小于50。 相似文献
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萃取法回收钛白水解废酸中的硫酸 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
提出了以三异辛胺作萃取剂、H2O作反萃取剂从钛白水解废酸中萃取回收硫酸的新工艺。考察了萃取剂浓度、相调节剂浓度、相比及温度对萃取和反萃取的影响,并进行了模拟试验。在以40%三异辛胺、25%仲辛醇和35%航空煤油(均为质量分数)为萃取有机相,相比为2,以H2O为反萃剂,相比为1.5的条件下,质量浓度为146.02g/L的废酸经8级萃取和6级反萃取,硫酸回收率达到91.81%,产品酸质量浓度达119.73g/L。 相似文献
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用钛白废酸制备氯化铁和硫酸 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用溶剂萃取与蒸发浓缩相结合的方法综合利用钛白废酸。实验结果表明:向钛白废酸中加入一定量的盐酸,用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)萃取Fe3 ,得到萃合物为HFeCl4.2TBP;在萃取相比(有机相与水相的体积比)与反萃取相比(水相与有机相的体积比)均为1的条件下,用2.53mol/L的TBP对c(Fe3 )=1.023mol/L、c(HCl)=4.53mol/L的试样进行连续5级逆流萃取与反萃取后,得到纯度高达99.88%、总产率达99.4%的氯化铁;萃余液经一次性蒸发浓缩,可得到质量分数80%以上的硫酸。 相似文献
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Hsiang-Yu Lin Shu-Yao Tsai Hsuan-Ti Yu Chun-Ping Lin 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(1):122-131
Polylactic acid (PLA) waste has various treatment methods, such as natural decomposition, composting, incineration, and hydrolysis. Degradation of PLA waste by gamma ray and pulsed light irradiation is an efficient, safe and innovative method that also protects the environment. The focus of this study was on the development of an alternative, green technology for solving the PLA waste disposal problem of PLA, rather than using incineration or the landfill method. We used a novel approach to identify the thermal decomposition and heat properties of crystalline poly lactic acid, non-crystalline polylactic acid, and blend polylactic acid. The approach involved the degradation of the materials with gamma ray and pulsed light irradiation followed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). We also developed a novel approach to the heat effect, including heat reactivity properties by TGA tests and thermal mass loss simulation for proper application, processing, and waste treatment conditions. The data from this study can be used to improve the design of operation and waste treatment protocols for PLA, which will benefit the environment. 相似文献
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自催化法合成聚天冬氨酸 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以马来酸酐和乙酸铵为原料,在微波条件下用自催化法合成了聚天冬氨酸(PASP)。通过正交实验确定了最佳合成条件:n(乙酸铵):n(马来酸酐)=1.2,微波功率为1200W,反应时间为10min。在最佳合成条件下,PASP的收率为91.6%,PASP的黏均相对分子质量约为1.5×10^4。经红外光谱表征和核磁共振氢谱测试结果表明,PASP的各种主要官能团表现明显。当Ca^2+质量浓度为250mg/L、PASP加入量为3mg/L时,PASP的阻垢率达到95%,表明PASP具有较好的阻垢性能。 相似文献
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Shahla Ataei Rosiyah Yahya Seng Neon Gan 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(2):540-545
The kinetic behavior of polyesterification of the alkyd resins synthesized using glycerol and phthalic anhydride modified
with oleic acid from the palm oil at temperatures between 120 and 240 °C was studied. Three alkyds having oleic acid contents
of 28, 40, and 65% were prepared by employing fatty acid method. The extent of the polyesterification reaction and average
degree of polymerization were monitored by determining the acid number of the aliquot of the reaction mixture at various intervals
of time and by measuring the volume of water evolved. Kinetic studies revealed that initial reaction rates followed a second-order
kinetics up to certain limit and thereafter deviations were observed. The extent of reaction varied from 77.4 to 86.3% before
deviation for all the three samples and exhibited a considerable degree of conversion. The second-order rate constants calculated
from the linear part were found to be of the order of 10−5 g (mg KOH)−1 min−1. Molecular weight of the alkyd samples was determined by GPC; number average molecular weight of the alkyds ranged from 980
to 2,070. 相似文献
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Nuria Burgos Daniel Tolaguera Stefano Fiori Alfonso Jiménez 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2014,22(2):227-235
The use of fully bio-based and biodegradable materials for massive applications, such as food packaging, is an emerging tendency in polymer research. But the formulations proposed in this way should preserve or even increase the functional properties of conventional polymers, such as transparency, homogeneity, mechanical properties and low migration of their components to foodstuff. This is not always trivial, in particular when brittle biopolymers, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), are considered. In this work the formulation of innovative materials based on PLA modified with highly compatible plasticizers, i.e. oligomers of lactic acid (OLAs) is proposed. Three different synthesis conditions for OLAs were tested and the resulting additives were further blended with commercial PLA obtaining transparent and ductile materials, able for films manufacturing. These materials were tested in their structural, thermal and tensile properties and the best formulation among the three materials was selected. OLA with molar mass (Mn) around 1,000 Da is proposed as an innovative and fully compatible and biodegradable plasticizer for PLA, able to replace conventional plasticizers (phthalates, adipates or citrates) currently used for films manufacturing in food packaging applications. 相似文献
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介绍了当今世界上应用最广泛,技术最先进的两种废盐酸再生工艺的基本原理,工艺流程,设备,主要构件及技术参数,详细对照分析了这两种工艺的特点,并进行了综合评价。 相似文献
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利用废酸液制备脱硫剂 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以废酸液为原料制备脱硫剂,具有原料来源广、价廉、工艺简单等优点,所制备的脱硫剂 主要理化标能达到商品脱硫剂的水平,脱硫剂可以再生,转适宜的再生温度为20-50℃,再生后,脱硫剂的脱硫能力有所下降。 相似文献
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壳聚糖对酸性染料的吸附性能研究 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
采用壳聚糖为吸附剂,研究了壳聚糖对兰纳洒脱酱红B(ABB)和尼龙山黄N-3RL(NYN)两种酸性染料模拟废水的吸附性能.在染料废水初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、体积为50 mL的条件下,壳聚糖对两种染料废水的最佳吸附条件:壳聚糖脱乙酰度为75%,壳聚糖粒径为0.054~0.076 MM,壳聚糖加入量为20 mg,搅拌时间为2.0 h,搅拌速率为400 r/min,废水pH为6,ABB废水温度为10~30 ℃,NYN废水温度为20-50℃.在最佳的吸附条件下,壳聚糖对ABB和NYN的吸附容量分别为244.45 mg/g和239.14 mg/g.壳聚糖对ABB的吸附较符合Freundlich方程,对NYN的吸附较符合Langmuir方程. 相似文献
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Nita Tudorachi Rodica Lipsa Cornelia Vasile Fanica Mustata 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2013,21(4):1064-1071
The synthesis and characterization of poly(lactic acid)-co-aspartic acid copolymers (PLA-co-Asp) were presented. Subsequently, the synthesized PLA-co-Asp copolymers were tested as biodegradable carriers in drug delivery systems. PLA-co-Asp copolymers were synthesized by solution polycondensation procedure, using different molar ratios PLA/l-aspartic acid (2.33/1, 1/1, 1/2.33), manganese acetate and phosphoric acid as catalysts and N,N′-dimethyl formamide (DMF)/toluene as solvent mixture. The copolymers were characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), DSC and TG-DTG analyses. Diclofenac sodium, a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug was subsequently loaded into PLA-co-Asp copolymers. The in vitro drug release experiments were done by dialysis of the copolymer/drug systems, in phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.4, at 37 °C) and monitored by UV spectroscopy. 相似文献
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Zbyněk Večeřa Pavel Mikuška Jiří Smolík Kostas Eleftheriadis Charlotte Bryant Ian Colbeck Mihalis Lazaridis 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2008,8(1):117-125
Measurements of nitrogen dioxide, nitrous and nitric acids as well as ozone were made using newly developed instrumentation
onboard the research vessel Aegeon in the Aegean Sea between 25th–29th July 2000. Typical nitrogen dioxide concentrations observed aboard the boat were 4–6 ppb
(v/v) with a broad maximum of 20–30 ppb (v/v). Ozone concentrations typically ranged between 40 and 80 ppb (v/v). Mixing ratios of both nitric and nitrous acids in the ambient air of the Aegean Sea were mainly below 50 ppt (v/v). The data also showed a number of short pollution episodes with rapid changes in the concentration of reactive nitrogen
compounds [nitrogen dioxide maximum up to 164 ppb (v/v), nitric acid maximum up to 12 ppb (v/v), nitrous acid maximum up to 2.7 ppb (v/v)] and ozone [maximum up to 88 ppb (v/v)]. These episodes were correlated with pollution plumes originating from boats upwind, at short distance, from the R/V Aegeon. The measurements revealed the importance of nitrous and nitric acids for the transport of nitrogen to marine biota in busy
ship lanes. 相似文献