法国孚日山脉南部巴隆斯岩体北缘辉长-闪长堆积岩的矿物学和岩石学

<正> 法国孚日山脉南部巴隆斯深成岩体侵入下韦宪阶(早石炭世晚期)火山-沉积建造。它由被认为属于纳缪尔时期(晚石炭世早期)的斑状花岗岩组成,並侵入韦宪阶较基性的(辉长岩、闪长岩、二长岩)深成岩中。这     

钱塘地区早石炭世地层和植物群

本文主要论述钱塘地区早石炭世地层和植物群。将早石炭世地层中产的植物化石分为三个组合:1.Lepidodendropsis hirmeri,Bothrodendron fuyangense组合.时代为晚泥盆世至早石炭世早期,笔者认为它是Lept ophloeum rhombicum Sublepi-dodendron mirabile组合与Lepidodendron gaolishanense Eolepidodeudraou spp.Sublepidodendron mirnbile组合之间一个过渡型组合。2.Anisopteris cf.transitionis- Archaeocalamites scrobieulatus组合。它与湘中测水组植物群为代表的韦宪中期Cardiopteridium spet sbergense-Triphyllopteris collombicum组合或C.spet sber-gense-Adiantitea gothanii组合对比。时代为早石炭世韦宪期或我国的大塘阶。3.Neuropteris schlehani f.rectinervis-Mariopteris acuta f.obtusa组合。它与江西梓山群佛岭组、广东测水组上段和忠信组中段的Archaeopteridium-Sphenopterisobtusiloba组合相当,时代为早石炭世韦宪晚期。     

蠕状石简介

<正> 蠕状石常见于花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、石英二长岩及混合岩或花岗岩化的岩石中。蠕状石的蠕虫状结构早已为人们所熟知,并被作为混合岩镜下特征加以描述和研究。     

滑石菱镁岩的成因和分类

一、滑石菱镁岩的岩类鉴定按照矿物组成、原岩成分以及成因特和点含矿性,划分成七类(以小高加索山脉中部为例):1.典型的(或曰:硅质碳酸盐的)滑石菱镁岩 广泛分布在蛇绿岩建设中;致密状,细粒至中粒,局部多裂隙。常有碳酸盐和石英细脉穿插。此种滑石菱镁岩随其     

火山超镁铁岩及其他镁铁-超镁铁系列岩石的铬尖晶石类化学成分和结晶条件

<正> 对堪察加和麦美奇-科图伊地区的火山超镁铁岩中铬尖晶石进行了化学对比研究,所得结果可与大量文献中关于其他岩类铬尖晶石成分的研究结果相比拟。 麦美奇-科图伊地区熔岩质杂岩和堪察加熔岩质脉状杂岩的铬尖晶石类主要是细粒状(百分之几毫米,较少为十分之几毫米),或为规则的自形晶,或为浑圆状。它们在岩石中的分布是不均匀的,成为橄榄石斑晶中和玻基斑状及微晶状基质中的包裹体。     

苏皖地区石炭纪牙形剌

本文对苏皖地区石炭纪牙形刺化石作概要介绍。金陵组以Siphondellaisosticha(Cooper),S.cooperi Hass,Polygnathus inornatus E.R.Branson,P.bischoffi Rhodes,Austin&Druce为主,可建立Siphonodella isosticha-S.cooperi带,与我国西南地区岩关阶最上部的牙形刺带相当,其时代应属岩关晚期。老虎洞组以Gnathodus bilineatus Roundy为主,可建Gnathodus blinetus带,与西南地区Gnathodus bilineatus bilineatus带也可对比,其时代为大塘晚期。黄龙组底部白云岩段以Idiognathoides sinuatus(Harris & Hollingsworth),Declinognathcduslateralis(Higgins & Bouckacrt)为主,这些牙形刺为晚石炭世早期的标准分子,可建ldiognathoides sinuatus带。黄龙组纯灰岩段有ldiognathodus delicatus Gunell,I.claviformis Gunell,I.antique Stauffer & Plummer,面貌与华北地区本溪组相似。船山组有Streptognathodus elongatus Gunell,Sweetognathus whitei(Rhodes).Streptognathodus elongatus为华北太原组上部的牙形刺带化石,在北美见于Pennsylvanian系Missourian-Virgillian阶,并延续到下二叠统狼营组。Sweet-ognathus whitei于Sphaeroschwagerina带,被当作早二叠世开始的代表分子。     

新疆东准格尔纸房东地区奥尔吐组的厘定及火山岩形成时代

新疆纸房东地区出露一套火山岩,其形成时代缺乏年代学依据,地层单元划分也存在争议。文章采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得新疆纸房东地区火山岩成岩年龄为304±4.0 Ma,属晚石炭世。该套火山岩地层不整合于早石炭世条山群(C1T)或姜巴斯套组(C1j)之上,被早侏罗世八道湾组(J1b)不整合覆盖,地层中产晚石炭世芦木类化石Calamites undulatus sternberg。该地层以陆源碎屑岩为主,偶夹少量英安岩及英安质角砾凝灰岩,而早石炭世巴塔玛依内山组(C1b)发育基性火山岩,夹极少量陆源碎屑岩,火山岩形成于早石炭世。该套火山岩与巴塔玛依内山组火山岩在岩性组合、喷发特征及形成时代方面均具有明显差异,因此,本文将该套火山岩地层重新厘定为晚石炭世奥尔吐组(C2o)。     

内蒙古正镶白旗火山杂岩基本特征及形成机制

正镶白旗火山杂岩为一不规则的穹丘状地质体,它是由渐变过渡的火山碎屑岩、流纹质碎斑熔岩和次火山岩构成的一个整体.可初步划分出三个近似同心环带.中环的流纹质碎斑熔岩是火山杂岩的主体,它的众多特征反映出初始岩浆含有较多的挥发分.岩浆在地下经过了较好的结晶分异,在地下——地上某个范围内存在隐爆——侵出区.火山作用是以小规模隐爆伴随缓慢的向上侵出为主.作用时间长,形成了规模较大的火山岩.正镶白旗火山杂岩属太平洋岩系钙碱质系列,原始岩浆由来源于上地幔和下地壳熔体的混熔作用形成.     

福建福鼎南溪“构造天窗”中-晚石炭世牙形刺化石的发现

采自福建福鼎南溪“构造天窗”的样品分析后获牙形刺。西部所采样品含StreptognathodusfuchenensisZhao,s.elongatusGunnell,Gondolellasp.其时代为晚石炭世晚期。原来这段地层划为下石炭统，应作修改。北部所采样品含IdiognathodusdelieatusGunnell,Neognathodusbassleri(HarrisetHollingsworth),Gondolellasp.其时代为中石炭世早期．进一步证实中石炭统地层的存在。     

金伯利岩同源包体的形成及其成因

<正> 在金伯利岩的变种当中,同源包体角砾岩占有特殊的地位。它们的形态特点是存在有各种形成体——同源包体,同源包体在岩石中的含量一般为5—30％。同源包体的形成体就是金伯利岩中的球状和椭球状的金伯利岩包体,它们与其周围的金伯利岩母体在充填基斑晶和矿物的结构、比例和尺寸上以及总的化学成分和一系列稀有元素的含量上都是不同的。对于同源包体的告石学描述,在等(1959,1964)、(1962)、(1967)、(1976)和C.R.Clement(1973)的著作中均可查阅到。同源包体     

青春 责任 梦想 行动 2015年千名青年环境友好使者夏令营侧记

<正>"我们处在世界正在发生重大变革的时代,中国也正在实现着民族伟大复兴的关键时刻。青年人要承担什么责任?""我们应该团结更多的青年人,向全社会积极宣传环保理念,保护我们共同生存的家园。"一名青年使者刚刚回答完贾峰主任的问题,全场响起的是掌声——雷鸣般的掌声!8月17日,2015年"千名青年环境友好使者夏令营"在成都市温江区正式开营。环境保护部宣传教育中心主任贾峰亲临现场,并为青年学子们讲授了热情     

Asbeste Arten,Entstehung, Bedeutung,Problematik

Types of asbestos are distinguished not only by structure, chemical compositon, shape of aggregates, and length and quality of fibers, but also by its formation. Though consisting of quite common elements, deposits are formed only under very special conditions. Its unique combination of properties has created over 3000 fields of application (about 70% in asbestos cement). Great efforts have been made to substitute all types of asbestos by harmless, similarly cheap and versatile synthetic fibers, owing to the unquestioned carcinogenic properties of all asbestos dusts. However, development of such fibers has not made any remarkable progress until recently. Consequently risk to workers in mining and manufactoring, consumers, outsiders, and the environment should be kept as low as possible by intensifying precautions and diminishing emissions.     

Effect of CaO on retention of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, W and Pb in bottom ashes from fluidized-bed coal combustion power station

This work was conducted to evaluate whether Ca-bearing additives used during coal combustion can also help with the retention of some other elements. This work was focused on the evaluation of bottom ashes collected during four full-scale combustion tests at an operating thermal fluidized-bed power station. Bottom ashes were preferred to fly ashes for the study to avoid interference from condensation processes usually occurring in the post-combustion zone. This work focused on the behaviors of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu,Zn, W, and Pb. Strong positive correlations with CaO content in bottom ashes were observed（for all four combustion tests） for S, As, Cl and Br（R = 0.917-0.999）. Strong inverse proportionality was calculated between the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Mn and CaO, so these elements showed association to materials other than Ca-bearing compounds（e.g., to aluminosilicates, organic matter, etc.）. Somewhat unclear behaviors were observed for W, Cu, and V. Their correlation coefficients were evaluated as statistically ＂not significant＂, i.e., these elements were not thought to be significantly associated with CaO. It was also discovered that major enrichment of CaO in the finest bottom ash fractions could be advantageously used for simple separation of elements strongly associated with these fractions, mainly S and As, but also Cl or Br. Removal of5% of the finest ash particles brings about a decrease in As concentration down to 77%-80% of its original bulk ash content, which can be conveniently used e.g., when high As content complicates further ash utilization.     

珊瑚钨锡矿硅质尾矿中Cd、As、Zn、F富集迁移及环境污染

硅质尾矿在释放中性矿山废水(NMD)时所伴生的多元素复合污染问题值得重视。本文以桂东北珊瑚矿尾矿作为研究对象,通过分析该尾矿的组构、元素富集及迁移特性,筛选出主要污染元素,并探讨尾矿胶结层对元素富集迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)该尾矿中Cd、As、Zn及F富集程度较高、可交换态含量(易迁移释放量)较大,是主要的污染元素,而Cu、Pb、Tl产生污染的可能性较小;(2)胶结层对重金属具有再富集作用,但其对可交换态Cd、As(Tl)再富集明显,而对可交换态Cu、Pb、Zn再富集则不明显。胶结层中次生伊利石、石膏等胶结物趋向于吸附富集活性可交换态Cd、As。这表明该尾矿可能迁移释放出含Cd、As浓度较高的NMD。研究表明,硅质尾矿风化释出NMD的同时,可能伴生Cd、As、Zn等重金属以及F的复合污染。     

Algorithmen,gehirne, computer

In order to say something substantial about the fundamental limits of machines (especially of computers) and of human calculations, we must explicate the concept of algorithm. Such an explication is provided by the Turing machine. Thus, problems have been discovered which cannot be solved algorithmically. For other problems there are problem-solving procedures, but no elegant algorithms. That men are fundamentally superior to machines has not been shown as yet.     

意大利的金枪鱼、箭鱼、鸬鹚以及家燕等体内的多氯萘、多氯联苯、多氯二苯-p-二恶英、多氯二苯并呋喃以及p,p''''-DDE

我们曾对从意大利收集的金枪鱼、箭鱼、普通鸬鹚以及家燕体内的p,p'-DDE、多氯联苯同类物(PCBs)、多氯二苯-p-二恶英(PCDDs)、多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)以及多氯萘(PCNs)浓度进行过测量.     

The monitoring,Evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification of energy-efficiency projects

In this paper, we present an overview of guidelinesdeveloped for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification (MERVC) ofenergy-efficiency projects for climate changemitigation. The monitoring and evaluation ofenergy-efficiency projects is needed to determine moreaccurately their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and other attributes, and to ensure that theglobal climate is protected and that countryobligations are met. Reporting, verification andcertification will be needed for addressing therequirements of the Kyoto Protocol. While the cost ofmonitoring and evaluation of energy-efficiencyprojects is expected to be about 5–10% of a project'sbudget, the actual cost of monitoring and evaluationwill vary depending on many factors, including thelevel of precision required for measuring energy andGHG reductions, type of project, and amount of fundingavailable.