医疗废物可调节恒流量进料技术

<正>由上海市固体废物处置中心开发的医疗废物可调节恒流量进料技术适用于医疗废物焚烧处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理针对医疗废物特性采用了医疗废物可调节恒流量进料系统。通过变频调节医疗废物进料量,从源头控制医疗废物的热值和污染物浓度的波动。     

厨余垃圾燃烧特性研究

厨余垃圾(干基)热值较高,采用热处理可对其同时实现无害化和资源化。以热重分析为切入点,探讨了不同升温速率条件下厨余垃圾的燃烧特性,其热重曲线反应了主要的失重阶段,分别是液化脱挥发分(242～335℃);稳定的环状有机物裂解和碳化(390～568℃)。另外,其分段燃烧模型表明,厨余垃圾的燃烧反应可用连续的一级反应拟合(R~2:0. 889～0. 977)。     

城市医疗废物处置技术的应用研究

分析了医疗废物的组成和特性,总结了目前医疗废物的处理处置方法,并对各方法的技术特点、适用范围、设计参数、工艺流程进行了总结,以期为城市医疗废物的安全处置提供参考借鉴。     

医疗废物热解焚烧处理技术探讨

本文依据国内目前医疗废物的组成特性，对引进国外的医疗废物热解焚烧炉的技术特性及设计原则进行了阐述，并对其进行了优化设计。     

含油污水中固体废物固化与燃煤混烧的可行性

在含油污水处理过程中易产生含油污泥、活性污泥及浮渣等固体废物,利用传统的焚烧法、分离法、填埋法、生物降解法处理这些废物具有一定的缺陷和局限性。为了利用这些废物中的油及有机质的潜在能量,大庆炼化公司对固体废物进行了脱水固化试验。结果表明,脱水后的废物可以达到较好的固化状态,并具有一定的热值。固化废物经粉碎处理后,可按一定比例与燃煤混烧。在正常生产状况下,热电厂可保证混合燃烧的效果,其总体热值不会降低。混烧后的灰渣和炉渣可作为水泥厂的原料。该方法有利于环境保护,但其工业化生产可行性有待于进一步证实。     

卧式逆燃生物质能气化锅炉

##正##由大连国阳环保锅炉制造有限公司开发的卧式逆燃生物质能气化锅炉,适用于工民建供暖,洗浴业、海珍品近海养殖业等的供热。主要技术内容一、基本原理利用生物质能燃料的低硫性和可再生性,根据生物质能燃料挥发分高且快速释放的燃烧特点,自主研制的卧式逆燃生物质能气化锅炉的双层炉排反烧方式使燃烧     

我国医疗废物焚烧处理现状和技术选择

本文介绍了我国医疗废物处理的发展情况和处理现状．在对医疗废物焚烧炉主要炉型的特点进行分析的基础上．提出热解-焚烧炉更适合医疗废物的处理，并简述了其焚烧原理．     

“十三五”医疗废物综合管理思路与对策研究

本文首先总体分析了"十二五"期间我国医疗废物环境管理和技术在完善制度建设、加快处理设施建设、打击环境违法行为和创新开展医疗废物处置示范等方面取得的进展和成效,分析了当前医疗废物管理中存在的包括缺乏针对性制度、处理设施总体技术水平不高、新增布局缺乏指导、收费水平偏低等突出问题。面向"十三五",本文提出环境管理四个方面的主要思路,从思路出发,提出"十三五"重点开展的任务,包括开展基础性调查评估、修订医疗废物管理条例、优化医疗废物处理设施布局、建立区域医疗废物协同处理模式、开展处理设施稳定排放达标整治工程、创新医疗废物环境管理和加快解决医疗废物处理收费中的突出问题等,为相关环境管理部门提供决策参考。     

医疗废物、危险废物集中焚烧处置工程建设技术要求发布

国家环保总局于2004年1月19日发布了《医疗废物集中焚烧处置工程建设技术要求》(试行)和《危险废物集中焚烧处置工程建设技术要求》(试行)。“要求”对医疗废物、危险废物集中焚烧处置工程建设技术术语做出了界定。“要求”对医疗废物产生量、特性分析及焚烧处理适用范围;医疗、危险废物焚烧厂总体设计;医疗、危险废物接收、分析鉴别、贮存、输送;医疗、危险废物焚烧处置系统;配套(公用)工程;环境保护与安全;工程施工及验收;运营管理等方面都做出了明确的规定。其中明确了医疗废物产生量的计算方法,规定了危险废物特性分析鉴别的内容。在医…     

油页岩废物半焦燃烧产生的废气污染物控制措施研究

半焦作为油页岩炼油产生的固废,利用其热值可进行燃烧发电和供热,实现废物再利用。本文通过对山东龙口油页岩半焦燃烧产生的废气污染物分析,通过类比法可得,二氧化硫(SO2)、氮氧化物(NOx)、颗粒物、氯化氢(HCl)、氟化氢(HF)、重金属等均可通过常规火电厂废气污染控制措施的方式去除并达标排放;一氧化碳(CO)可以通过控制锅炉燃烧方式进行控制,二噁英则需在布袋除尘器前附加活性炭吸附装置。通过采取这些污染控制措施,废气污染物可达标排放。     

医疗废物焚烧处理核心技术的开发及应用

国内已建成的医疗废物焚烧设施目前普遍存在进料系统不稳定、玻璃结渣和高浓度HCl气体的排放的问题。这些技术难点已成为医疗废物焚烧处置行业发展的瓶颈。本文介绍了可解决上述问题的"可调节医疗废物恒流量进料技术"、"医废焚烧防玻璃结渣技术"和"含高浓度氯化氢医废尾气处理技术"三项医疗废物焚烧处理核心技术的主要特点及技术指标与应用实例。     

Removal of trichloroethylene from soil using the hydration of calcium oxide

Quicklime addition to soil at a remediation site was observed to sufficiently reduce TCE levels, but the cause of the removal could not be confirmed with the field data collected. Potential mechanisms for CaO treatment of trichloroethylene (TCE) in soil include degradation and volatilization. Since earlier studies found TCE degradation to occur during the hydration of CaO under conditions where volatilization was limited, research was conducted on mechanisms of TCE removal from soil by CaO application under conditions where volatilization was allowed to occur. TCE volatilization in soil treated with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% CaO doses was measured in experiments where the degree of volatilization could be tracked. The total TCE removal from soil spiked with TCE at CaO doses from 5% to 20% ranged from 97% to 99% of the initial TCE mass. Volatilization accounted for 64.4-92.5% of the TCE removal, with unrecovered TCE and TCE degradation accounting for the remaining fraction. The greater heat encountered with higher CaO doses helped minimize obstacles to TCE volatilization, such as high soil organic and clay content. Treatment with a 20% CaO dose, however, led to the formation of byproducts such as dichloroacetylene. TCE degradation to dichloroacetylene at the 20% CaO dose ranged from 2.7% to 6.4% of the initial TCE. Volatilization was concluded to be the dominant process for TCE removal from soil during CaO treatment.     

A CLOSED WATER REUSE SYSTEM FOR POWER PLANT COOLING AND DIGESTER HEATING1

ABSTRACT: A model consisting of closed water reuse and productive use of various types of wastes for energy generation is presented. The sewage after treatment would be used as the cooling water for power plants, and the condenser discharge therefrom be used as heating water for sludge digesters. The water is then purified for municipal water supply for continuous use. The advantages of this system are that water resources and energy are conserved while various types of wastes including waste heat are controlled. With a preliminary system analysis, it appears that the design for power plant based on the total heating value of wastes and digester capacity based on sewage sludge generation is feasible in terms of acquisition and full utilization of various types of wastes as generated in a single metropolitan area. The system as shown in this design is in balance among various factors such as the generation rate of municipal refuse, municipal sewage, waste heat in the condenser discharge, and raw sewage sludge.     

衡水市医疗废物处理现状调查及对策

医疗废物是一类成分复杂并有特殊危害的危险废弃物。通过分析衡水市医疗废物处理过程中存在的分散处置、处理率低等问题,提出了加强管理监督机制、提高医疗废物收集处理率的应对策略。通过综合比较分析几种医疗废物处理方法的优缺点,指出高温焚烧法集中处置是衡水市医疗废物的最佳处理方法。     

论医疗废物的管理

阐述了医疗废物的概念和国内外医疗废物的危害、管理、处置现状,对我国医疗废物的管理提出了建议。     

Management factors affecting ammonia volatilization from land-applied cattle slurry in the Mid-Atlantic USA

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization commonly causes a substantial loss of crop-available N from surface-applied cattle slurry. Field studies were conducted with small wind tunnels to assess the effect of management factors on NH3 volatilization. Two studies compared NH3 volatilization from grass sward and bare soil. The average total NH3 loss was 1.5 times greater from slurry applied to grass sward. Two studies examined the effect of slurry dry matter (DM) content on NH3 loss under hot, summer conditions in Maryland, USA. Slurry DM contents were between 54 and 134 g kg(-1). Dry matter content did not affect total NH3 loss, but did influence the time course of NH3 loss. Higher DM content slurries had relatively higher rates of NH3 volatilization during the first 12 to 24 h, but lower rates thereafter. Under the hot conditions, the higher DM content slurries appeared to dry and crust more rapidly causing smaller rates of NH3 volatilization after 12 to 24 h, which offset the earlier positive effects of DM content on NH3 volatilization. Three studies compared immediate incorporation with different tillage implements. Total NH3 loss from unincorporated slurry was 45% of applied slurry NH4+-N, while losses following immediate incorporation with a moldboard plow, tandem-disk harrow, or chisel plow were, respectively, 0 to 3, 2 to 8, and 8 to 12%. These ground cover and DM content data can be used to improve predictions of NH3 loss under specific farming conditions. The immediate incorporation data demonstrate management practices that can reduce NH3 volatilization, which can improve slurry N utilization in crop-forage production.     

医疗废物集中焚烧处置技术的研究与应用

通过分析各种医疗废物处理技术的特点,指出医疗废物集中焚烧处置技术能够有效处理医疗废物、满足国家对医疗废物处理的要求,适宜在医疗废物集中处置项目中广泛应用。但该技术在实际工程应用中,还存在如处理成本高、设备使用寿命短和二英排放不易控制等问题,尚需进一步研究加以克服。     

昆明市医疗废物的焚烧处理

医疗废物含有大量传染性物质,导致污染的可能是各种病菌和寄生虫卵等,是高度危险废物,必须进行无害化处置.针对昆明市医疗废物的现状,根据国内外先进的管理和处理模式,结合昆明市实际情况,采用焚烧实验炉焚烧昆明市医疗废物,医疗废物无须进行预处理,能直接进行焚烧.实验证明,高温焚烧可彻底清除医疗废物中的病菌及恶臭气体,保证医疗废物的无害化处理.     

依法科学管理处置医疗废物

针对我国医疗废物管理和处置现状,提出完善有关医疗废物管理和处置的法律体系等七项措施。