改善当前我国环境资源管理体制探析

结合当前我国环境资源管理体制的实际,在系统分析其存在问题和弊端的基础上,探讨了问题和弊端产生的具体成因,同时提出了富有建设性的建议。     

我国农药环境管理状况及对策研究

对我国农药环境管理状况进行了简要介绍，分析了现行管理体系存在的主要问题，提出了完善我国农药管理法规、建立农药管理机构、逐步理顺我国农药管理体制的对策建议。     

我国农药环境管理状况及对策研究

对我国农药环境管理状况进行了简要介绍 ,分析了现行管理体系存在的主要问题 ,提出了完善我国农药管理法规、建立农药管理机构、逐步理顺我国农药管理体制的对策建议。     

天津市地下水利用中的环境问题及其对策

本文对天津市地下水资源现状和存在的问题进行了系统分析,详细论述了天津市地下水资源开发利用过程中所发生的环境问题及其产生的影响,从水资源管理体制,污染控制,水价,调蓄蓄能等方面,针对性地提出了解决对策和措施,并对天津短缺的水资源的开发利用和环境生态协调发展,进行研究和探讨。     

美国瑞典日本农药环境管理综述

我国是个农业大国,农药的使用量大,使用品种多,农药对生态环境污染较为严重。长期以来,我国的农药环境管理极其薄弱,农药环境管理体系不完善。国外一些国家如美国、瑞典、日本等农药管理体制比较健全,在农药环境管理方面取得了一些成功经验,这对我国建立农药管理体系有很好的借鉴意义。     

美国瑞典日本农药环境管理综述

我国是个农业大国 ,农药的使用量大 ,使用品种多 ,农药对生态环境污染较为严重。长期以来 ,我国的农药环境管理极其薄弱 ,农药环境管理体系不完善。国外一些国家如美国、瑞典、日本等农药管理体制比较健全 ,在农药环境管理方面取得了一些成功经验 ,这对我国建立农药管理体系有很好的借鉴意义。     

环境促进发展：人、地球、繁荣

在联合国环境署新出版的《全球环境展望3》中提出的严酷事实揭示了我们这个神奇的蓝色星球的现状以及我们要恢复其健康和自然财富所亟需的坚定选择.目前全球20%的人口消耗着全球90%的资源,而40亿人口的日均消费却不足2美元.这种模式以及资源消耗率都是不可持续性的.如果我们不马上行动,到2032年全世界一半以上的人口将生活在水资源紧张地区.另外,城市、道路和其他基础设施的扩张将会干扰甚至彻底破坏占地球陆地总面积70%以上的自然生境和野生生物.《全球环境展望3》还列举了许多其他例子表明了我们当前的方式是不可持续性的.本期《产业与环…     

环境地球化学、环境化学、环境生物无机化学的联系与区别

环境地球化学、环境化学和环境生物无机化学是环境科学的重要分支学科,然而,由于它们在研究对象上的一致性,导致在某些方面存在重叠,亦经常引起一些人们对它们关系的误解.为了更好地把握这三门学科的实质、联系和区别,对这些分支学科各自的特点、联系及区别进行分析探讨,希望人们能够更好地运用它们为人类服务.     

日本、韩国的土壤污染防治法及其对我国的借鉴

在东亚地区,日本、韩国的土壤污染防治立法最为活跃,先后制定了专门的土壤污染防治法及其配套法规.本文从立法背景、立法模式、主要内容及制度设置、土壤污染防治的管理体制等方面,对日本、韩国的土壤污染防治立法进行了比较分析.这些立法实践及其施行经验,对我国正在进行的土壤污染防治立法有实际借鉴意义.     

化学品环境风险管理需求与战略思考

在广泛调研收集化学品环境风险与污染危害等资料基础上,结合化学品环境管理的国内外形势与现状,针对我国目前存在的化学品环境管理体制不完善、环境风险防控工作滞后和技术支撑能力不足等问题,从国家战略层面分析了我国化学品全生命周期环境与健康风险管理需求,提出了我国化学品环境风险管理中长期发展目标及行动计划。行动计划涵盖了健全化学品法律法规和制度体系、系统开展化学品危害筛查和风险评估、推动有毒有害化学品的限制与淘汰、加强有毒有害化学品环境污染防治、提升化学品风险评估与管理能力和促进产业绿色发展等方面建议,对于我国加快构建完善的化学品风险管控制度和技术体系具有重要的参考和借鉴意义。     

Development of environmental policy,objectives, and targets

This paper describes a process to develop and establish an environmental policy and its associated environmental targets, objectives, and management programmes. The environmental policy is defined in a statement which addresses the company expectations for programmes that are important to assure adequate environmental protection and define its future commitment towards preventing pollution and continuously improving the effectiveness of its environmental protection programmes. A set of environmental objectives, derived from the policy, define the overall goals which will ensure that the company's environmental performance will remain consistent with the commitment identified in its policy when its environmental management system (EMS) is implemented, Environmental targets reflect the requirements and standards that the company must strive to achieve each objective and minimize any harmful environmental impacts from its production and manufacturing processes or other activities. In addition to defining specific targets, environmental management programmes are also used to guide EMS implementation. These programmes, however, must provide the company with the necessary flexibility to select the most appropriate technologies to enhance its own processes and prudently allocate its available financial resources in areas that return the greatest overall environmental benefit.Though they are expected to allow some discretion in the allocation of resources targeted towards environmental protection, EMS programmes must also provide assurance that the corporation environmental policy, objectives, targets, and management programmes do not result in a facility failure to adhere to all of its certification requirements. The principle and factors described in this article should be considered to the extent that they are necessary and practical.     

Higher education in urban environmental management: a new programme at the Asian Institute of Technology,Bangkok

Environmental management and planning is now considered as a new field of professional expertise. There are even professional associations for interested professionals. To date, urban environmental management has been regarded as a subdiscipline of environmental management, but since the Rio Conference in 1992, with the new focus of urban management on environmental problems, it can itself be considered as a professional field. This paper traces the emergence of the field and tries to identify the new skills required for it. The question of formal training, in higher education, for a new type of professional is raised and discussed. It refers at length to an initiative taken by the Asian Institute of Technology (Bangkok) to propose and offer a new graduate programme in this discipline, and draws on the author's experience of an Asian workshop (Bangkok, May 1993) aimed at defining the need for such a new profession in Asia.     

天津市环境管理工作特色分析

本文对天津市近１０年来在环境保护工作中所取得的成绩进行综述,并分析了成绩取得与政府的重视和会社会的大力合作支持分不开,是与天津市科学的环境管理密切相关。天津环境管理工作的特色是形成了１０个环境管理网络,从四个方面加强环境管理,将环境管理与市政府及社会的８个方面的工作相结合。     

Public expenditure and the environmental management of Brazilian municipalities: a panel data model

Environmental expenditure can be classified as an indicator to measure the efforts of public agents with the environment. Cities and countries seek to understand the determinants of environmental spending over time. This research aims to analyze the variables that influence the environmental spending of Brazilian municipalities between the years 2012 and 2016. Thus, this research helps fill the gap on lack of longitudinal research that involves local contexts in relation to public municipal expenditures on the environment. The research method consists of the panel data model. Data were collected on the environmental expenditures of the municipalities and other variables of 4269 Brazilian municipalities, the collection generated 21,329 observations. The results showed that the municipalities of the state of Amapá had better relative expenditure averages, it was also observed that the municipalities in the Northeast region show the worst results. The municipality of Itamaracá, located in the state of Pernambuco, presented the best percentage of the country, 9.47% of the environmental expenditure in relation to total expenditure. Regarding the results of panel data, the variables revenue, population, density, GDP, and HDI presented significance in all models; the models estimated by fixed effects ensure the consistency of the parameters.     

Tourism policy,biodiversity conservation and management: a case of the Kruger National Park,South Africa

Management of Kruger National Park (KNP) has recently made considerable progress in developing new policies to address biodiversity conservation and management challenges. These include tourism, water provision and elephant management policies. This study examines the integration of these three policies with regard to biodiversity conservation and management. Findings indicate that in their current fragmented form, the three policies actually undermine opportunities for effective biodiversity conservation and management in the KNP. This can be reversed by adopting a new management approach based on an environmental matrix organizational framework. Such a framework provides a mechanism for integrated policymaking and implementation and for improving biodiversity conservation and management in the KNP. The study concludes that an integrated approach is necessary due to the interlinkages between policies that affect biodiversity conservation at the KNP.     

The Precautionary Principle and the Prevention of Marine Pollution

This paper argues that the environmental changes witnessed in the past decade call for a new approach to environmental management; an approach based not on the principle of the assimilative capacity of the environment but on the precautionary principle, and the emerging preventive environmental paradigm. Uncertainties in scientific knowledge and complexities in ecological systems have presented specific failures of the assimilative capacity methodology. It is argued that these failures are not circumstantial in nature, nor are they the result of misapplication of science by scientists. Rather, they represent inherent problems in the use of the assimilative capacity concept in environmental management. The emergence of the precautionary principle is discussed and a formulation of the principle is presented. In conjunction with the operational approach of clean production, we believe that this principle offers a sounder basis for the prevention of marine pollution in the next decade.     

The Precautionary Principle and the Prevention of Marine Pollution

This paper argues that the environmental changes witnessed in the past decade call for a new approach to environmental management; an approach based not on the principle of the assimilative capacity of the environment but on the precautionary principle, and the emerging preventive environmental paradigm. Uncertainties in scientific knowledge and complexities in ecological systems have presented specific failures of the assimilative capacity methodology. It is argued that these failures are not circumstantial in nature, nor are they the result of misapplication of science by scientists. Rather, they represent inherent problems in the use of the assimilative capacity concept in environmental management. The emergence of the precautionary principle is discussed and a formulation of the principle is presented. In conjunction with the operational approach of clean production, we believe that this principle offers a sounder basis for the prevention of marine pollution in the next decade.     

加强对化学农药环境安全的监督管理工作

针对化学农药的特点和生产使用状况，阐述了加强农药安全监督管理的必要性和紧迫性；提出了从农药生产、加工、贮运、供销到使用，实施环境安全全程监督管理的建议。     

聚焦ISO 14001标准 创建生态旅游岛

结合鼓浪屿区实施ISO14001标准,探讨了其意义,实施步骤和特点,可为其它风景名胜区建立环境管理体系所借鉴。