受引黄影响的河流沉积物细菌群落季节变化

河流沉积物细菌群落的季节变化对碳、氮循环和水环境演化有明显的影响.然而,受调水干预的河流沉积物细菌群落季节性变化尚不明确.本文基于16S rRNA高通量测序技术,研究了中纬度地区受引黄影响的汾河上游沉积物细菌群落组成、结构和多样性的季节变化.结果表明,在引黄调水干预下受水河流细菌群落的季节性变化仍然显著.夏季温度适宜,河流沉积物细菌群落多样性较冬季高.核心菌群组成和结构随季节变化,然而丛毛单胞菌、黄杆菌、黄单胞菌和红环菌等的优势地位不随季节改变.河水水温和ORP的季节变化显著,是造成河流沉积物细菌群落季节变化的主导因子.水质较差的黄河水引入汾河后导致沉积物细菌群落多样性显著提高.引水对河流沉积物细菌群落的影响在夏季较冬季高20%左右.引黄调水对汾河沉积物细菌群落的影响大于季节变化的影响.     

PCR-DGGE研究青海农村户用沼气池微生物群落结构

采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析技术,对青海农村户用沼气池内细菌及古菌群落结构进行分析.结果表明,沼气池含有丰富的细菌及古菌类群,且泥样间的细菌和古菌的群落结构存在差异.4个户用沼气池发酵系统中,细菌分属于5个门,优势类群为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria).在属分类水平上,属于24个类群,最优势类群为理研菌科佩特里单胞菌属(Petrimonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomona)、泰氏菌属(Tissierella)和梭菌属(Clostridium).同时,沼气池发酵系统中古菌主要包括热丝菌属(Thermofilum)、甲烷短杆菌属(Methanobrevibacter)、甲烷囊菌属(Methanoculleus)、产甲烷菌属(Methanogenium),其中,Methanobrevibacter和Methanogenium是沼气池内最优势的产甲烷菌.说明沼气池的产甲烷途径主要是氢营养代谢类型,水解、酸化过程主要由来自动物消化系统内的细菌完成.     

西藏尼洋河沉积物中微生物群落结构特征分析

尼洋河是雅鲁藏布江的重要支流,是西藏工布和林芝地区的重要水源地.本研究分析了尼洋河水体理化指标、 12种金属含量和沉积物微生物群落结构特征.结果表明, 2017年和2018年沉积物微生物群落在门水平的结构基本相同,属水平结构相似.变形菌门是尼洋河沉积物的第一优势菌门,其他优势菌门有拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门和放线菌门等;属水平上黄杆菌属丰度较高,气单胞菌属等条件致病菌菌属可被检出;聚类分析发现尼洋河沉积物微生物群落在空间上存在一定的差异性,上游、中游和下游不同河段微生物群落之间差异显著,电站库区沉积物微生物群落具有特异性.相关性分析表明,温度、溶解氧、电导率和铬、锌、锶和钡等金属含量与尼洋河沉积物门水平特定微生物丰度存在显著相关关系.冗余分析表明,总氮、总磷、溶解氧、铬、锶、钡和锰等是尼洋河沉积物中微生物群落结构的主要影响因子.本研究结果可为认识尼洋河沉积物中微生物群落的时空变化特征,识别环境影响因子提供了数据支撑.     

城市河流沉积物微生物量分布和群落结构特征

沉积物微生物是河流生态系统物质循环及水体净化的驱动力.为了探讨城市河流不同河段沉积物微生物量分布和群落结构特征及其影响因素,采用PLFAs分析方法和高通量测序技术获得沉积物微生物量和群落结构指标,并利用冗余分析(RDA)和相关性分析等方法探究影响河流沉积物微生物量和群落结构的主要环境因素.结果表明:除上游样点C7外,沉积物细菌优势菌门均为变形菌门,次优势菌门为绿弯菌门,优势菌纲为β-变形菌纲,次优势菌纲为γ-变形菌纲;同一河段内沉积物微生物组成和细菌群落结构相似,而不同河段间沉积物微生物组成和细菌群落结构差异明显;下游沉积物细菌多样性和丰富度(香农指数均值10.20,Chao1指数均值3011.5)显著高于中游(香农指数均值9.50,Chao1指数均值2808.2)和上游(香农指数均值9.38,Chao1指数均值2681.2);沉积物微生物PLFAs总量和各菌群PLFAs含量均表现为中游沉积物中含量较高(PLFAs总量均值412.1 nmol·g~(-1)),而下游(PLFAs总量均值218.6 nmol·g~(-1))和上游(PLFAs总量均值215.1 nmol·g~(-1))沉积物中含量相对较低.分析和讨论结果表明,速效钾、pH、C/P、TC、C/N和铵态氮是影响不同河段沉积物细菌群落结构特征的主要环境因子,TC、TN、C/P和pH是影响沉积物细菌多样性的主要环境因子,而速效钾、C/P、TN、TC和pH是影响不同河段沉积物微生物量分布的主要环境因子.十五里河不同河段的沉积物微生物通过微生物量和群落结构特征反映不同河段环境状况,并发挥着水体净化和河流生态系统健康维持的功能.     

Microbial community changes in aquifer sediment microcosm for anaerobic anthracene biodegradation under methanogenic condition

The widespread distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in groundwater has become an important environmental issue. Knowledge of microbial community changes could aid in identification of particular microorganisms that are capable of degrading PAHs in contaminated aquifers. Therefore, 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis was used to identify the archaeal and bacterial communities in an aquifer sediment microcosm used for anaerobic anthracene degradation under methanogenic conditions. A remarkable shift of the archaeal community structure occurred after anaerobic anthracene degradation, but the types of the abundant bacterial phyla did not change. However, a decrease of both archaeal and bacterial diversity was observed. Bacterial genera Bacillus, Rhodococcus and Herbaspirillum might have links with anaerobic anthracene degradation, suggesting a role of microbial consortia. This work might add some new information for understanding the mechanism of PAH degradation under methanogenic conditions.     

发酵温度对青海农用沼气池微生物群落的影响

为了研究发酵温度对青海农用沼气池微生物群落结构的影响,以沼气池全年6个温度时期的24个泥样为研究对象,采用变性梯度凝胶电泳分析样品中细菌与古菌的群落结构及其变化差异.结果显示：发酵温度的波动变化对微生物群落结构、多样性及沼气池产气量影响显著.细菌在温度最高（九月中旬）和最低（三月中旬）的2个采样时期多样性最高,古菌仅在温度最高时期多样性最高.在细菌类群中,厚壁菌门Firmicutes、拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes和变形菌门Proteobacteria是所有样品中丰度最高的类群（三者总和>72.43%）,是发酵系统中重要的功能细菌类群.细菌属分类水平上,理研菌科佩特里单胞菌属Petrimonas、梭菌属Clostridium、泰氏菌属Tissierella和假单胞菌属Pseudomona是所有样品的优势类群,总丰度比例较为恒定（约32.40%）.在古菌类群中,甲烷微菌目是最优势类群,丰度为40.62%~64.74%.产甲烷菌属Methanogenium是所有样品中主要的产气功能种群,丰度波动范围为32.62%~55.74%,随全年温度的变化而波动,此与沼气的产气规律相一致.     

Spatial and temporal dynamics of microbial community composition and factors influencing the surface water and sediments of urban rivers

The temporal and spatial characteristics of urban river bacterial communities help us understand the feedback mechanism of bacteria to changes in the aquatic environment.The Fuhe River plays an important role in determining the water ecological environment of Baiyangdian Lake.16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to study the microbial distribution characteristics in the Fuhe River in different seasons.The results showed that some environmental factors of the surface water (ammonia nitrogen (NH_...     

补给水质与社会活动对白洋淀湿地微生物的影响特征

为了阐明白洋淀湿地补水水质与社会活动对湿地生物群落的影响,研究了淀区不同区域水体中细菌、真菌和古菌群落的变化特征.分别在淀区入口的府河（NBB）、人类社会活动频繁旅游区域（NBD）和居民生活养殖区域（NBX）以及村庄稀疏区域（NBN）采集样品,对样品的理化特征及生物群落进行研究.结果表明,在NBB水体中有机污染物COD浓度为12.35 mg·L^-1,总氮浓度为10.12 mg·L^-1,污染物浓度较高;NBD和NBX水体中污染物比NBB少.NBN水质较好,其COD和总氮浓度分别为6.9 mg·L^-1和1.82 mg·L^-1.NBB细菌种类较多,多样性指数为5.86,NBN最少为4.78.所有样品中优势细菌菌群均为变形菌门,该菌门在NBN样品中占细菌群落总数的68.8%.真菌在NBB中多样性指数仅为2.14,NBN真菌种类较多,多样性指数为3.23,在NBD和NBN出现壶菌门,分别占真菌总数的5.4%和9.8%,该菌群是难降解有机碳的主要分解者.在NBN中古菌多样性偏低,所有样品中泉古菌门（Crenarchaeota）为优势门类,在NBB、NBD、NBX和NBN样品中所占比例分别39.0%、51.9%、47.3%和30.1%,其次为盐杆菌门（Halobacterota）.白洋淀湿地水体富营养化及微生物群落变化的主要因素是外源污染与内源污染共同作用结果,外源污染与内源污染使水体中有机物与氮磷含量增加,微生物群落结构发生了明显改变.     

Effects of Cd（Ⅱ） and Cu（Ⅱ） on microbial characteristics in 2-chlorophenol-degradation anaerobic bioreactors

The effects of Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ at 300 mg/L on anaerobic microbial communities that degrade 2-cholorophenol （2-CP） were examined. Based on the polymerase chain reaction （PCR） of 16S rDNA, bacterial community diversity and archaeal community structure were analyzed with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and cloning, respectively. Degradation capabilities of the anaerobic microbial community were drastically abated and the degradation efficiency of 2-CP was reduced to 60% after shock by Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋, respectively. The bacterial community structure was disturbed and the biodiversity was reduced after shock by Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋ for 3 d. Some new metal-resistant microbes which could cope with the new condition appeared. The sequence analysis showed that there existed common Archaea species in control sludge and systems when treated with Cu^2＋ and Cd^2＋, such as Methanothrix soehngenii, Methanosaeta concilii, uncultured euryarchaeote, and so on. Both the abundance and diversity of archaeal species were altered with addition of Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ at high concentration. Although the abundance of the predominant archaeal species decreased with Cd^2＋ and Cu^2＋ addition for 3 d, they recovered to some extent after 10 d. The diversity of archaeal species was remarkably reduced after recovery for 10 d and the shift in archaeal composition seemed to be irreversible. The 2-CP-degradation anaerobic system was more sensitive to Cu^2＋ than Cd^2＋.     

Characteristics of microbial community involved in early biofilms formation under the influence of wastewater treatment plant effluent

Effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) containing microorganisms and residual nutrients can influence the biofilm formation. Although the process and mechanism of bacterial biofilm formation have been well characterized, little is known about the characteristics and interaction of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes in the early colonization, especially under the influence of WWTP effluent. The aim of this study was to characterize the important bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic species in the early stage of biofilm formation downstream of the WWTP outlet. Water and biofilm samples were collected 24 and 48 hr after the deposition of bio-cords in the stream. Illumina Miseq sequencing of the 16S and 18S rDNA showed that, among the three domains, the bacterial biofilm community had the largest alpha and beta diversity. The early bacterial colonizers appeared to be “biofilm-specific”, with only a few dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shared between the biofilm and the ambient water environment. Alpha-proteobacteria and Ciliophora tended to dominate the bacterial and eukaryotic communities, respectively, of the early biofilm already at 24 hr, whereas archaea played only a minor role during the early stage of colonization. The network analysis showed that the three domains of microbial community connected highly during the early colonization and it might be a characteristic of the microbial communities in the biofilm formation process where co-occurrence relationships could drive coexistence and diversity maintenance within the microbial communities.     

浑河底泥微生物群落的季节性变化特征

为了解河流底泥微生物群落结构的季节性变化,利用PCR-DGGE技术对丰水期、平水期、枯水期浑河底泥中的微生物进行指纹图谱分析,并对优势条带进行测序和系统发育分析. 结果表明:浑河底泥微生物群落结构存在一定的时空异质性,在空间上可分为上游抚顺市地区(1~5号采样点)、中游沈阳市地区(6~11号采样点)和下游乡镇地区(12~14号采样点);平水期、枯水期、丰水期Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别为3.04~3.88、2.66~3.66、3.04~3.45. 抚顺市地区和沈阳市地区不同水期底泥微生物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数差异较大,而乡镇地区则无明显变化趋势;平水期和枯水期底泥微生物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数从上游至下游呈先升后降趋势,而丰水期上、下游微生物多样性差异较小. 底泥微生物中以变形菌(Proteobacteria)最多,其次是拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes)和蓝藻菌(Cyanobacteria);而平水期优势种群数量最多. 研究显示,人类活动及丰水期对底泥微生物多样性有较大影响,掌握河流底泥微生物分布有助于深入了解河流物质的代谢过程.      

渔业复垦塌陷地抗生素抗性基因与微生物群落

水产养殖行业抗生素的广泛使用引起了抗生素抗性基因（antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs）污染问题.为探究渔业复垦塌陷地ARGs污染特征,利用宏基因组学技术检测分析了渔业复垦塌陷地ARGs的相对丰度和微生物群落结构.研究区域共检测出29种ARGs,bacA在所有样品中相对丰度最高,达1.96×10^-5~1.19×10^-4.沉积物中磺胺类和四环素类ARGs相对丰度较高,井水中多药类ARGs相对丰度较高.微生物群落结构表明变形菌门（Proteobacteria）在所有样品中为最优势细菌门,沉积物中绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）和广古菌门（Euryarchaeota）较为优势.属水平上,硫杆菌属（Thiobacillus）为沉积物中最优势细菌属,不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）和假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）为井水中优势细菌属.ARGs与微生物相关性分析表明,菌属与ARGs间主要呈中度相关,多种菌属与ARGs显著正相关,ARGs的分布受微生物群落结构的重要影响.渔业复垦塌陷地沉积物与井水均受到ARGs污染,应加强相应控制措施保护区域环境.     

太湖不同湖区冬季沉积物细菌群落多样性

为了探究太湖不同营养水平湖区冬季沉积物细菌群落多样性,利用高通量测序对太湖水草区、湖心区和河口区共9个采样点表层沉积物细菌的16S rRNA基因进行序列测定.结果发现：不同湖区的物种丰富度和均匀度为水草区 > 湖心区 > 河口区;不同湖区优势细菌群落组成存在差异.其中,硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）和酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）2类门水平优势细菌以及厌氧绳菌纲（Anaerolineae）和硝化螺菌纲（Nitrospira）2类纲水平优势细菌在不同湖区之间差异显著.冬季太湖沉积物细菌优势类群为绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、蓝藻门（Cyanobacteria）和硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）;在属分类水平上,主要优势类群为unidentified_Chloroplast和微囊藻属（Microcystis）.Cyanobacteria和Microcystis在所有采样点均有检出,平均丰度均以湖心区最高.对沉积物细菌群落与环境因子的关系进行冗余分析,结果表明：营养盐水平、水温和pH值均能影响沉积物细菌群落结构,NO₃^--N和水温是Microcystis的主要影响因子.     

辽河口芦苇湿地细菌和古菌群落周期日变化特征

采用实时荧光定量PCR和Illumina高通量测序技术对秋季辽河口芦苇湿地水体中一昼夜细菌和古菌群落特征进行了研究.测序共获得52802条细菌和106091条古菌高质量序列,以97%的相似性聚类并抽平后共划分了530和979个OTU.结果表明,湿地水体中浮游细菌和古菌群落丰度均在早上达到最高值,夜晚达到最低值.细菌和古菌群落多样性指数均存在周期日变化,不同时间细菌和古菌群落结构和组成具有显著差异.此外,古菌群落组成特征表明辽河口芦苇湿地具有较高的潜在甲烷生成能力.本研究为进一步认识河口湿地细菌和古菌群落特征和功能奠定了基础.     

鄱阳湖白鹤保护区微塑料表面微生物群落结构特征

微塑料作为一种新型污染物所带来的环境问题越来越受到关注.以鄱阳湖五星垦殖场白鹤保护区为研究区,采集沉积物(SL)及不同类型微塑料样品,微塑料的主要类型是薄膜类(PE)、碎片类(PP1)、纤维类(PP2)和发泡类(PS),聚合物被确定为聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯.采用16S高通量测序鉴定微生物(细菌和真菌)群落结构.结果表...     

不同地区土壤古菌群落对重金属污染的响应

为探讨农田土壤古菌群落结构与构建机制对不同类型重金属污染的响应特征及影响因素,采集高地质背景区、涉重金属企业和工矿区周边农田土壤样品,通过高通量测序,结合土壤理化性质,对土壤古菌群落组成及构建机制进行研究.结果表明,本研究区域内农田土壤重金属空间异质性高,镉污染较广泛,除工矿区部分土壤样本存在强生态风险,其他样本存在轻微的潜在生态风险.不同地区古菌群落结构差异较大,泉古菌门（Crenarchaeota）为优势菌门,占比62.7%~98.3%,其次为Halobacterota （1.1%~23.2%）.环境因子中,土壤有机质含量、pH、砷和铅含量与古菌群落显著相关（P<0.05）,是古菌群落结构差异的主要驱动因子.零模型分析表明本研究古菌群落在系统发育上聚集,确定性过程驱动古菌群落构建,有机质和pH等环境因子的异质选择作用主导古菌群落形成.因此,环境过滤的确定性作用最终驱动本研究古菌群落构建,环境异质性导致了古菌群落多样性和空间异质性,从而增强古菌抵御环境胁迫的能力,利于农田生态系统功能的稳定性和可持续性.     

响应土壤阴离子类型的盐碱土古细菌群落多样性研究

为初步解析我国黑龙江苏打盐碱地（HA）、新疆荒漠盐碱地（XD）、山西平原盐碱地（SY）、江苏滨海盐碱地（JD）和天津滨海盐碱地（TB）5个地区的土壤古细菌群落结构多样性,以及其响应土壤不同阴离子类型的分布特征,采用基于Illumin-Hiseq平台的高通量测序技术获得489~604个古细菌可操纵分类单元（OTU）.OTU多样性分析结果表明XD的古细菌群落物种丰富度最高,SY和HA分别具有最高和最低的古细菌群落多样性和均匀度;OTU的物种注释结果表明HA以奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）为优势菌门,其他土壤均以广古菌（Euryarchaeota）为优势;综合5个样品古细菌群落结构、优势古细菌属和土壤阴离子进行的典范对应分析（CCA）结果显示,XD古细菌群落结构和Haloterrigena属（XD中最优势,相对丰度20.2%）明显的响应土壤SO₄^2-浓度;HA古细菌群落结构和Nitrososphaera属（HA中最优势,62.3%）明显的响应土壤HCO₃^-/CO₃^2-浓度和pH;JD、SY和TB古细菌群落结构、Halorubrum属（JD和TB中最优势,24.4%和15.6%）,和Natronomonas属（SY和JD中第二优势,8.1%和9.2%）明显的响应土壤Cl^-浓度.研究结果说明我国不同地域分布的盐碱土受其土壤阴离子类型及其浓度的影响,呈现不同的古细菌群落结构和分布特征.研究结果为我国不同类型盐碱土古细菌资源的挖掘提供依据,也为揭示我国不同类型盐碱土古细菌群落的生态功能提供参考.     

硫酸盐还原型甲烷厌氧氧化菌群驯化及其群落特征

甲烷的温室效应是二氧化碳的26倍,高浓度硫酸盐废水对水体、土壤和植物均有危害.硫酸盐为氧化剂的甲烷厌氧氧化是减少甲烷的主要途径之一.本研究以硫酸盐作为电子受体,驯化培养硫酸盐还原型甲烷厌氧氧化菌群,采用PCR-DGGE技术分析细菌和古菌菌群多样性和群落结构特征,并对其中的优势菌进行系统发育分析.DGGE指纹图谱结果表明,硫酸盐的加入使微生物群落结构和优势种群数量发生了明显的改变,其增强了甲烷氧化古菌和硫酸盐还原细菌的丰度,加入硫酸盐驯化的菌群,其细菌群落多样性增加而古菌群落多样性略微减少.典型条带测序结果显示,驯化后菌群的优势菌种主要包括螺旋体门(Spirochaetes),除硫单胞菌目(Desulfuromonadales)、甲烷八叠球菌目(Methanosarcinales)和甲烷丝状菌属(Methanosaeta)等.驯化菌群的甲烷厌氧氧化研究结果显示,甲烷厌氧氧化的同时伴随硫酸盐的还原,甲烷的氧化产物为二氧化碳,硫酸盐的转化产物为硫化氢和硫单质.     

Characterization of bacterial community dynamics in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant

Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of microbial communities in drinking water systems is vital to securing the microbial safety of drinking water. The objective of this study was to comprehensively characterize the dynamics of microbial biomass and bacterial communities at each step of a full-scale drinking water treatment plant in Beijing, China. Both bulk water and biofilm samples on granular activated carbon (GAC) were collected over 9 months. The proportion of cultivable cells decreased during the treatment processes, and this proportion was higher in warm season than cool season, suggesting that treatment processes and water temperature probably had considerable impact on the R2A cultivability of total bacteria. 16s rRNA gene based 454 pyrosequencing analysis of the bacterial community revealed that Proteobacteria predominated in all samples. The GAC biofilm harbored a distinct population with a much higher relative abundance of Acidobacteria than water samples. Principle coordinate analysis and one-way analysis of similarity indicated that the dynamics of the microbial communities in bulk water and biofilm samples were better explained by the treatment processes rather than by sampling time, and distinctive changes of the microbial communities in water occurred after GAC filtration. Furthermore, 20 distinct OTUs contributing most to the dissimilarity among samples of different sampling locations and 6 persistent OTUs present in the entire treatment process flow were identified. Overall, our findings demonstrate the significant effects that treatment processes have on the microbial biomass and community fluctuation and provide implications for further targeted investigation on particular bacteria populations.     

水库水深变化对不同浮游微生物群落及网络互作关键种的影响

为揭示水库水深变化对不同浮游微生物类群多样性及生态网络的影响,于2021年在横山水库采集表层及深层水样,利用16S和18S rDNA分子标记进行高通量测序,探究水深变化对不同微生物类群群落结构、种间互作网络和关键种的影响机制.结果发现,横山水库表层(0.5 m)和深层(5 m)中细菌群落多样性(Richness、 Simpson、 Shannon和Pielou’s Evenness指数)均高于真核微生物群落.细菌群落在不同水深处的主要优势物种为变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门,其相对丰度在门水平上无明显差异;真核微生物群落在不同水深处群落组成基本相同,但其相对丰度差异较大,包括节肢动物门、纤毛门和淡色藻门等.此外,表层水体微生物网络的图密度、平均聚类系数等均高于深层,表明表层微生物物种间具有较强的关联性,能够较好地传递物质、能量和信息,且对外界变化的响应速度更快;细菌群落分子生态网络节点和边的数量、关键物种数目和种类均高于真核微生物群落,表明细菌群落网络规模更大,种间协同合作关系和网络连通性更强.不同水深处的细菌群落和真核微生物群落间相互作用皆以正相关为主导,两个类群在水库深层的负相关性均...