KB-6C大气采样器故障维修几例

介绍了几例ＫＢ６Ｃ大气采样器常见故障现象以及排除方法。     

42C型化学发光法氮氧化物分析仪器故障修理实例

1仪器采集的数据在 30 min内无明显变化 ,数据较正常值低且呆滞 ,原因是采样泵停转。改进办法 :用一个略大于轴承直径 ( Φ>2 5mm)的塑料帽 (可用废牙膏盖改制 )固定在采样泵迎向风扇进风口一端的轴头上以减少集尘卡死机会。 2 NO2值偏低且低于 NO值 ,原因是臭氧发生器电压低不工作。改进办法 :用电容器卡子将电容器固定在线路板上 ,让电容器引出线不承受机械力或用玻璃胶将电容器壳体与线路板粘结固定。42C型化学发光法氮氧化物分析仪器故障修理实例@张家卓$郑州市环境监测站!河南郑州450007 @李钧$郑州市环境监测站!河南郑州450007…     

C程序设计在“灰色关联分析”中的应用

介绍用Ｃ程序设计，处理灰色系统理论中灰色关联度模型的程序。     

C OD在线分析仪比对中应注意的问题

分析了COD在线分析仪和实验室比对结果人为差异的原因是样品不均匀,在线分析仪取样装置滤过,取样层面和采样方式以及沉淀消除的方法不同造成的.提出应在相同的地点、层面和同一容器取样,用相同沉淀消除方法去除样品中氯离子干扰,保证两方法比对中使用水样的一致均匀,使测试结果正确可信.     

C18键合相吸附富集水中痕量苯系物

固相萃取条件 :C18富集小柱先用 5 ml二氯甲烷活化 ,弃去流出液 ,再依次通过 5 ml甲醇和5 ml水 ,在柱子被抽空前接上盛有 2 0 0 ml水样的储样器 ,以 5 ml/min的抽速上样。待水样全部抽完后 ,用 5 ml蒸馏水清洗柱床 ,用吸耳球吹干柱床 ,最后用 5 ml二氯甲烷洗脱被分析组分 ,取 1 μl进行气相 -质谱分析。 2色谱条件 :GC:进样口温度 2 5 0℃ ,柱温 75℃ ,柱压 60 .4k Pa,柱流量1 .0 ml/min,载气为高纯氦气 ,分流比 1 0∶ 1 ;MS:电离方式 EI源 ,电子能源 70 ev,接口及离子源温度为 2 5 0℃ ,质量范围 m /z33- 5 5 0。 3C18柱活化时浸泡 1 2…     

Multi N/C2100S总有机碳分析仪校准方法的建立

以德国Analytikjena公司Multi N/C 2100S分析仪为例,研究建立了合理可行的总有机碳分析仪校准方法.在总有机碳分析仪检定规程JJG 821-2005的基础上,增加零点漂移、直线性、标准曲线线性和检出限4项特性指标,改变了准确性特性的判定方法.根据仪器的使用频率和稳定性,建议校准周期不超过2年.     

The Water Quality Of The CÉrtima River Basin (Central Portugal)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the water quality of the Cértima River basin (Central Portugal). For that purpose, surface water samples were collected in March, May and July 2003, at 10 selected sampling sites, and were analysed for physicochemical parameters, namely temperature, conductivity, pH, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), Kjeldahl nitrogen and total phosphorus. Results revealed an acceptable water quality during the spring season. Maxima of 64 mg dm⁻³ for BOD₅, 39 mg dm⁻³ for Kjeldahl nitrogen, and 5.2 mg dm⁻³ for total phosphorus, were recorded during summer, indicating a significant degradation of the water quality in a river stretch located downstream of the town of Mealhada. These values, which did not comply with the objectives of minimum quality for surface waters prescribed by the Portuguese legislation, were related to domestic wastewater discharges and runoff waters from a cattle farm. Besides their effects on the middle stretch of the river, these pollution sources were the most likely cause of the high nutrient load in downstream waters, and thus may have a major impact on the trophic status of Pateira de Fermentelos, a sensitive wetland area located in the lower Cértima basin.     

基于三层C/S模式的室内空气品质监测与评价系统

阐述了对室内空气品质进行远程监测与评价的必要性,介绍了基于三层C／S模式的室内空气品质监测与评价系统的结构与工作流程,以及网络环境下三层C／S模式的实时监测系统的结构与功能,指出该系统为准确监测和科学评价室内空气质量提供了有力的工具和保障。     

环境样品中C2-C5脂肪羧酸的直接电导离子色谱法分析

叙述离子排斥色谱法分析环境样品中的C2-C5脂肪羧酸,以4%的正丁醇水溶液代替无机酸溶液作淋洗液,使分析物质得到较好地分离,尤其本底电导降低,可使用电导检测器直接检测,不需抑制,从而使灵敏度有很大提高,适合环境样品的分析.     

1,2,4,5-四氯苯 C 18 Empore TM 膜/水分配系数的研究

研究了1,2,4,5-四氯苯在C18膜／水相之间的分配规律。1,2,4,5-四氯苯在：25℃,80r／min条件下恒温震荡96h可达分配平衡,温度和盐度对1,2,4,5-四氯苯C18膜／水的分配过程影响很小,1,2,4,5-四氯苯C18膜／水分配平衡时间受溶液体积和容器容积的影响,但不受溶液中C18膜膜量的影响,推测脂溶性小于或接近1,2,4,5-四氯苯的有机污染物在恒温震荡条件下C18膜与水之间的分配96h可达到平衡。     

G C/MS法测定环境空气中痕量POPs类有机氯农药及降解产物

采用快速溶剂萃取-氟罗里硅土柱净化-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定环境空气中POPs类有机氯农药及其降解产物.艾氏剂、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、六六六、滴滴涕,七氯、氯丹、灭蚁灵及其降解产物的检出限为2.0 ng～4.6 ng,空白加标回收率为62.1%～118%,RSD为6.8%～15.2%.     

安捷伦科技推出全新7890A旗舰气相色谱仪及5975C气-质联用仪

(本刊讯:记者徐琳)2007年3月12日,安捷伦科技(NYSE:A)在北京正式宣布推出最新7890A气相色谱(GC)系统及5975C气-质联用(GC/MSD)系统。此次在北京召开的新产品发布会是安捷伦在全球巡演的第一站。7890A气相色谱仪将色谱的性能、效率和灵活性推向了一个新的水平,为安捷伦40年来在色谱领域一直领先的历史又写下了令人兴奋的新篇章。而5975C气-质联用仪则将7890A气相色谱与复杂样品微量化合物的超高灵敏度检测能力的质谱检测器进行了完美组合。安捷伦工程师们经过长期探索和追求,最终开发出了突破性的微板流控技术,并将其应用于全新的7890…     

采用倒置显微镜计算藻类的R.H.C.薄片、小管技术

采用倒置显微镜计数藻类的R.H.C.薄片、小管技术与目前我国广泛采用计数框的传统方法比较具有较大的优越性。结合作者工作的体会,综合介绍英国J.W.G.Lund及J H.Evans 等人创造的这一有实际意义的新技术与方法     

Mercury trends in fish from rivers and lakes in the United States, 1969�C2005

A national dataset on concentrations of mercury in fish, compiled mainly from state and federal monitoring programs, was used to evaluate trends in mercury (Hg) in fish from US rivers and lakes. Trends were analyzed on data aggregated by site and by state, using samples of the same fish species and tissue type, and using fish of similar lengths. Site-based trends were evaluated from 1969 to 2005, but focused on a subset of the data from 1969 to 1987. Data aggregated by state were used to evaluate trends in fish Hg concentrations from 1988 to 2005. In addition, the most recent Hg fish data (1996?C2005) were compared to wet Hg deposition data from the Mercury Deposition Network (MDN) over the same period. Downward trends in Hg concentrations in fish from data collected during 1969?C1987 exceeded upward trends by a ratio of 6 to 1. Declining Hg accumulation rates in sediment and peat cores reported by many studies during the 1970s and 1980s correspond with the period when the most downward trends in fish Hg concentrations occurred. Downward Hg trends in both sediment cores and fish were also consistent with the implementation of stricter regulatory controls of direct releases of Hg to the atmosphere and surface waters during the same period. The southeastern USA had more upward Hg trends in fish than other regions for both site and state aggregated data. Upward Hg trends in fish from the southeastern USA were associated with increases in wet deposition in the region and may be attributed to a greater influence of global atmospheric Hg emissions in the southeastern USA. No significant trends were found in 62% of the fish species from six states from 1996 to 2005. A lack of Hg trends in fish in the more recent data was consistent with the lack of trends in wet Hg deposition at MDN sites and with relatively constant global emissions during the same time period. Although few significant trends were observed in the more recent Hg concentrations in fish, it is anticipated that Hg concentrations in fish will respond to changes in atmospheric Hg deposition, however, the magnitude and timing of the response is uncertain.     

Heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Ebrié lagoon sediments, Côte d’Ivoire

Surface sediments throughout Ebrié lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire were collected in 2001 and analyzed for their heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) contaminant content. Geochemical maps of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn) in the surface sediment were produced based on geographical information system (GIS) technology. Heavy metals and PAH were detected at high concentration and provide evidence for several anthropogenic inputs to the lagoon. A significant spatial relationship was found for Fe, Zn, and Cu in the sediment using a GIS-based analysis, suggesting that these metal contaminants in the sediments of the Biétri bay had common sources.     

Pollen allergy related to the area of residence in the city of Córdoba,south-west Spain

The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the distribution of hay-fever patients in the city of Córdoba, south-western Iberian Peninsula, and the specific atmospheric biological content originating from local sources. Four different districts were established in the metropolitan area of the city, according to vegetational and urbanistic characteristics. Air samples were taken in each area using portable Hirst-type samplers (Lanzoni VPPS 1000) and the spectrum of biological content was defined. Patients attending the Allergy Unit at Córdoba Teaching Hospital in 2000 with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma, and displaying a positive reaction to aeroallergen extracts, were distributed within the areas as a function of their district of residence. Aerobiological results revealed differences in pollen content between areas, in terms of both quantity and number of pollen types recorded. These differences were largely due to proximity to rural areas, prevalence of pollen from typically urban species and the possible effect of urban architecture as a barrier to the dispersal/ concentration of particles and other pollutants. Patients were not uniformly distributed within the city. The majority lived in districts in which pollen from rural species was mixed with pollen from ornamentals. Patients living in typically urban districts displayed a higher prevalence of allergy to pollen from ornamentals. It is concluded that a high degree of exposure to the same environment may influence the development of sensitisation to the particular pollen load associated with that area.     

Microbiological risk infection assessment using QMRA in agriculture systems in Côte d’Ivoire,West Africa

Poor wastewater management that results from a lack of appropriate sanitation infrastructure contributes to increasing health risks in urban areas in Côte d’Ivoire. We assessed the health risks associated with the use of wastewater for watering salad destined for human consumption, to help local authorities in developing appropriate risk mitigation measures for Yamoussoukro, the political capital of Côte d’Ivoire. We applied a stochastic approach based on quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA), focusing on wastewater for farming activities and salad consumption at the household level. Farming activities rely on a large degree on contaminated water and are conducted without any protection. The QMRA highlights that the poor quality of watering water increased the microbiological risk of the two assessed groups of urban farmers and individual households. The annual risk of infection due to watering wastewater in the city is estimated at 0.01 per person per year (pppy) for Giardia lamblia and 0.2 pppy for Escherichia coli O157:H7. The annual risk from salad consumption is 0.01 pppy for G. lamblia and 0.9 pppy for E. coli O157:H7. Both the annual risks from farming activities and salad consumption were higher than the tolerable standard of risk of 10^?4 pppy as defined by the World Health Organization. There is a need to conduct a risk analysis and a cost-effectiveness study on intervention to improve public health and the livelihoods of the producers which are women in majority in Yamoussoukro.     

Integrated survey of water pollution in the Suquía River basin (Córdoba, Argentina)

We report a combined two-year seasonal monitoring of Suquía River basin using both chemical parameters and biomarkers measured in Jenynsia multidentata, aiming to correlate external levels of contaminants with the response of oxidative stress biomarkers in this fish. Identified pollution sources correspond to city sewage as well as agricultural and small industry activities downstream from Córdoba city. Physicochemical parameters integrated into a water quality index (WQI) were measured in Suquía River during dry and wet seasons. Ag, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Fe, Pb and Zn were also monitored in water and sediment samples. Biomarkers include detoxication and antioxidant enzymes: catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR). Enzymes showed a pollution dependent response, with increased activities in fish collected close to the sewage exit and progressive drop further downstream, matching changes in the Water Quality index. The combined use of biomarkers with water quality parameters allowed both the identification of pollution sources and the evaluation of effects of contaminants on the aquatic biota.     

BOD5的测定要点及C—BOD,N—BOD的估算：论BOD之一

该文讨论了BOD_5测定中有关恒温方式、稀释水的质量、稀释技术及操作要点等四方面的问题,着重介绍了我省在稀释技术方面较成功的经验,另外并推荐了C—BOD_5及N—BOD_5的估算方法,有关BOD_5方法原理、模式应用、质量控制等问题,将陆续发表,     

“哨兵-2”卫星影像及C2RCC算法在太湖冬春季水色分析中的应用

利用太湖2019—2022年冬春季“哨兵-2”卫星10 m分辨率的MSI影像和SNAP软件C2RCC (Case 2 RegionalCoastColour)模块,以适合浑浊、富营养程度较高、光学复杂的“二类水体”的C2X-nets为模式,开展太湖叶绿素a、总悬浮物浓度、透明度等水色参数反演。结果表明:冬春季太湖各湖区叶绿素a浓度处于较低水平,但4月中旬起有明显抬升;太湖西部沿岸区、南部沿岸区和湖心区总悬浮物浓度较高,表明这些湖区易受风浪影响,造成沉积物再悬浮;太湖东部沿岸区、北部湖湾及东太湖遥感反演的水体清澈度较高,可能与这些湖区冬春季沉水植物菹草的分布有关,菹草生长对水质有较好的净化效果。总体来看,基于C2X-nets模式的C2RCC反演算法从较高分辨率卫星遥感影像中提取的水色信息,能有效反映太湖冬春季水色指标的空间分布特征,可为湖体生态状况及动态变化的长期监测评估提供有价值的参考。