环境保险在中国的可行性探讨

在解决环境问题的过程中，包含着诸多的商机，环境保险就是其中一例。环境保险属于责任保险的一种，介绍了环境保险在西方发达国家的发展与实践，并结合我国保险业的现状，得出在我国施行环境保险，既是我国保险业自身发展的需要，也是企业规避风险的需要。     

Fisheries management: integrating societal preference, decision analysis, and ecological risk assessment

Fisheries management is the practice of analyzing and selecting options to maintain or alter the structure, dynamics, and interaction of habitat, aquatic biota, and man to achieve human goals and objectives. The theory of fisheries management is: managers or decision makers attempt to maximize renewable `output' from an aquatic resource by choosing from among a set of decision options and applying a set of actions that generate an array of outputs. Outputs may be defined as a tangible catch, a fishing experience, an existence value, or anything else produced or supported by renewable aquatic resources. Overall output is always a mix of tangible and intangible elements. However defined, management goals and objectives are essential components of fisheries management or any other field of renewable natural resource management. Reaching consensus on management goals and objectives has never been a simple task. Beyond the broad and often conflicting goals of an agency, managers must decide who should set specific management objectives — agency personnel, the public, or a combination of the two. Historically, rhetoric aside, fisheries managers in North America nearly always have consulted with professionals in governmental roles to set management objectives. In a strongly pluralistic society, this often resulted in protracted political and legal conflict. Increasingly, there are calls for use of risk assessment to help solve such ecological policy and management problems commonly encountered in fisheries management. The basic concepts of ecological risk assessment may be simple, but the jargon and details are not. Risk assessment (and similar analytical tools) is a concept that has evoked strong reactions whenever it has been used. In spite of the difficulties of defining problems and setting management objectives for complex ecological policy questions, use of risk assessment to help solve ecological problems is widely supported. Ecological risk assessment will be most useful (and objective) in political deliberations when the policy debate revolves around largely technical concerns. To the extent that risk assessment forces policy debate and disagreement toward fundamental differences rather than superficial ones, it will be useful in decision making.     

区域环境风险评价与风险管理及其在工程项目上的应用

论述区域环境风险评价的发展趋势,评价内容,程序和方法,探讨区域环境风险评价和风险管理的相互关系,给出岷江紫坪铺水库库区应用实例。     

德国环境政策的实施手段研究

从环境法律与规划手段、环境条例手段、经济手段、志愿协议，以及生态审核等方面分析了德国的环境政策的实施手段，特别论述了德国环境政策在促进资源回收利用、废弃物管理、率先走向循环型经济社会方面所发挥的作用，以期为我国环境管理提供借鉴与参考。     

我国农用地土壤环境基准与标准制定研究

在分析我国现行土壤环境质量标准不足的基础上,综述了国外制定农用地土壤环境筛选值的现状,在此基础上提出我国农用地土壤环境基准制定方法学的建议以及我国农用地土壤环境标准体系的框架建议,服务于我国农用地土壤的污染预防、风险筛选和污染农用地的安全利用、修复和风险管控。     

化工园企业环境风险分级评估与管理方法研究

为减少环境污染事故的发生,文章从化工园内企业化学品储存、运输、生产等潜在风险环节出发,结合企业风险管理水平及周边受体易损性,利用环境风险综合评价指数法对企业环境风险进行分级评估。在此基础上,以长江下游某化工园区调研的41家企业作为案例进行评估,结果显示:园区内重大、较大、一般环境风险企业分别占调查总数的2.4%,65.9%,31.7%。该评估方法从化工园企业风险控制的实际需求出发,具有实用性和可操作性,为化工园更有效的风险管理提供技术支持。     

Public acceptability towards environmental policy measures: Value-matching appeals

People’s acceptability of environmental policy measures is vital for a successful implementation. Identifying how information concerning radical policy measures can be improved may increase support and generate more positive attitudes towards the policy. The effect of tailored information on acceptability towards implementing a proposed congestion charge was investigated by matching ecocentric arguments to biospherically value-oriented participants, and anthropocentric arguments to those who endorsed egoistic values. 627 respondents living in two small Swedish cities participated via a web-based survey. The results show that the single arguments (anthropocentric or ecocentric appeals) were evaluated more favourably than the combination of arguments (including both anthropocentric and ecocentric appeals). Strong biospheric and strong egoistic values were associated with positive and negative evaluations of the policy proposal, respectively. Finally, while respondents who endorsed egoistic values tended to be more positive towards the proposal after reading anthropocentric arguments (value match) than after reading pro-environmental arguments (value mismatch), the opposite effect was observed for respondents who did not endorse egoistic values. Our results suggest that tailoring information with regard to people’s values would be effective in promoting positive attitudes towards important policy measures.     

江苏省结构性污染特征及产业政策调整

从行业结构，技术结构等方面对江苏省结构性污染进行剖析，结构性污染对生态环境产生的负面效应将愈变愈大，迫切需要把结构性污染作为产业结构调整和环境管理的一个重点关注内容，采取有效措施，协调结构比例，提高环境效益，改善环境质量。     

黄石市环境信息管理系统的开发与应用

从开发和应用的角度，详细阐述了在WebGIS技术支撑下，利用Java编程语言的方法开发出的黄石市环境信息管理系统开发的技术路线，体系结构，数据组织和系统模块的构建,该系统能够更好地降低环境空间数据采集成本，提高环境信息的共享程序和范围，实现污染源信息的实时查询和统计分析，提供多种总量控制的解决方案和多种专题图的编辑与管理工具，具有海量图库管理和模糊查询定位能力，此系统的建立，对于解决黄石市环境污染问题具有极大的社会效益和经济效益。     

环境模型在风险评估中的应用

环境模型方法是化学品风险评估中经常使用的方法。环境模型可提供化学品的浓度、归趋和主要迁移转化途径等信息,目前已被广泛应用于各类环境系统中。本文对该方法使用的一般步骤进行介绍,并对我国的环境模型工作提出了几点建议。     

流域累积性环境风险评价研究进展

对当前流域累计性环境风险评价方面的研究进展进行梳理并对未来研究进行展望。通过概念辨析和文献调研的方法,指出了现有研究存在的3个问题:综合生态风险评价结果过于宏观,健康风险评价暴露途径考虑单一以及健康风险评价不确定性未有实质改变。进而得出结论:克服上述问题,需要在加强风险过程模型的构建与应用;开展多暴露途径的健康风险评价;将健康风险评价纳入我国现行流域管理以及开展完整的流域累积性环境风险评价等4个方面进行加强。     

绿色技术扩散初探

从实证的角度出发，从创新特性，企业素质，社会压力和组织环境４个方面对绿色技术扩散的影响因素作系统分析，分析了目前我国阻碍ＥＳＴ扩散的主要因素，并针对上述阻碍因素提出了初步的政策建议。     

环境风险评价方法刍议

本文简要介绍了环境风险评价的概念、主要内容，指出了目前环境风险评价方法的技术关键，提供了风险度(PR)和风险影响(R1）的计算方法。并对我国环境风险评价方法的研究提出了建议。     

中国环境产业发展的政策选择

选择中国环境产业发展政策，首先要选择开拓环境产业需求的政策，并着重考虑环境产业的问题经济效益问题和加强环境产业的能力建设。对中国环境产业发展政策进行了研究与分析。     

论中国的环境政策

对中国环境政策文字表述形式进行论述，指出中国环境政策基本原则包括：环境与经济、社会协调、持续发展原则、环境责任原则，预防为主，防治结合，综合整治原则，环境民主原则，等等。对中国环境政策的基本特征进行分析，从环境经济政策，环境技术政策，环境社会政策，环境行政政策、国际环境政策探讨了中国环境政策的体系结构。对中国环境政策存在的问题进行研究，指出中国环境政策的制定机制还不够健全、环境政策目标与现实可行性     

环境统计在环境保护中的应用

环境统计是用数字反映并计量人类活动引起的环境变化和环境变化对人类影响的工作。从统计工作实践出发,通过能源环境统计数据、环境质量统计数据和污染源排放统计数据在日常环境管理中的应用实例,总结出环境统计在环境保护中的应用价值,以期引起对环境统计工作的重视。