基于元胞自动机和多智能主体的房屋选择模型

近几年,随着经济发展和城市化的加快,居民对住宅要求越来越高,而目前的房屋选择模型在实践运用过程中或多或少受到某一方面的限制,不能有效地模拟居民对房屋选择的各种爱好.在前人提出的种种模型的基础上,结合元胞自动机和多智能主体系统,提出了一种模拟房屋选择的动态综合仿真模型.通过反复验证,该模型有较强的实用性.     

Simulating urban encroachment on rural land with fuzzy-logic-controlled cellular automata in a geographical information system

Encroachment on rural land is a serious problem in developing countries, particularly in regions that are undergoing rapid economic development. Monitoring and simulating land conversions thus are critical to the formulation of a sustainable development strategy. This paper describes a computer-based approach for simulating land encroachment with fuzzy-logic-controlled cellular automata (CA). Unlike CA models developed in the domain of natural sciences, this simulation model seeks to integrate rule definition with explicit, interactive and heuristic decision-making processes. Fuzzy logic was used to capture the feature of land conversion behaviour, while CA was to used to simulate global pattern from local rules and implemented in a geographical information system (GIS) using ARC/INFO software. By providing a series of simulation scenarios, the study reveals potential hazardous consequences inherent in some development policies that would jeopardize sustainable development of the region and demonstrates that this approach is a useful tool to provide decision support.1998 Academic Press     

国内城市空间扩展研究综述

在我国加速城市化发展时期,城市盲目扩展问题十分突出。从扩展动力机制、扩展模式、研究技术、扩展对策4个方面对我国城市空间扩展研究进行了文献综述,总结出研究的特点和不足,展望了未来的研究方向。     

基于RS的成都市城市扩张监测与分析

随着21世纪人口和经济的快速增长,城市扩张速度明显加快,如何快速获取城市的扩张信息并进行分析,对城市的规划和可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。采用监督分类方法对3个时相的成都市建成区进行提取,并分析比较。在此基础上,结合相关的统计数据分析,得出成都市城区的扩张与经济发展密切相关,人口增长与基础设施完善也起到了重要的驱动作用。     

STOCHASTIC MODELING OF MONTHLY AND DAILY RAINFALL SEQUENCES1

ABSTRACT: A monthly model and two daily models (I and II) are presented for the purpose of generating monthly and daily rainfall sequences in the Quae Yai river basin in Thailand. Performance of the models are evaluated by comparing the statistical parameters of the generated sequences with those from historical data. For monthly generation, Thomas-Fiering model worked satisfactorily in spite of the monthly correlations being weak, if any. Daily Model I, which assumes no persistence between daily rainfall amounts within the wet spells, could not preserve some important parameters regardless of the simplicity in model construction. Application of multi-state transition probability matrix model gave good results, although the user has to modify some parameters looking at the performance of the model for each historical record.     

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗草甸草原生态环境时空演变分析

选取内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗满都胡宝拉格草甸草原为研究区,在遥感和GIS技术的支撑下,以景观生态学理论为指导,通过分析该地区近15年来四个时期景观类型的空间格局、演化态势和变化规律,从景观视角挖掘出格局信息与生态环境变化之间的内在关联性,运用马尔科夫链模型对未来草原景观格局变化的趋势进行了模拟和预测,并分析了该地区生态环境变化的驱动机制,为科学利用和保护草地资源、保证区域可持续发展提供了科学依据。     

多元线性回归预测模型在城市垃圾产量预测中的应用

分析了上海1995-2004年度每年垃圾产生量的数据,由此提出了可应用于城市垃圾预测的多元线性回归预测模型.通过与指数法、GM（1,1）模型、GM（1,1）SSODMM等模型的预测结果进行比较,精度达一级.表明该模型在城市垃圾产量的预测中具有一定的优越性和广泛的应用前景.     

基于RS和GIS技术的重庆市主城区扩展分析

采用重庆市主城区2000年和2010年两个时相的TM影像提取城市扩展信息,对影像数据的归一化建筑指数（NDBI）、归一化植被指数（NDVI）和归一化水体指数（NDWI）进行RGB组合增强,再进行决策树分类和减法运算获取研究区扩展信息,发现建筑区面积增加了1.62倍,大部分是由植被区转变而来。其扩张方向受地理影响,南北方向为外延型,东西方向为飞地型。借助统计资料进行精度验证和城市扩展的驱动因素分析发现,区域发展政策、经济增长和人口扩张是主要的影响因素,探讨了对经济增长、城市扩张和人口增长的关系。研究结果表明,以遥感手段监测与研究城市发展变化的趋势是可行和高效的。     

SPECIAL CASES OF WATER SUPPLY INTERFERENCE CAUSED BY URBAN DEVELOPMENT NEAR TORONTO,ONTARIO, CANADA1

Since 1961, control over water-supply interference problems in the Province of Ontario has been provided under The Ontario Water Resources Commission Act. A section of The Act requires persons taking more than 10,000 imperial gallons per day of water for purposes other than domestic, stock or fire-fighting to have a permit and to take the water in accordance with specified terms and conditions. Construction of some new wells, sewers, and roads to meet the needs of urban development has caused interference with both ground- and surface-water supplies. In cases of serious interference, the Commission has required that steps be taken to restore water supplies or prevent continued interference. Two cases are described where municipalities in the Toronto area restored supplies to overcome serious interference with several private wells and streamflow during testing and operation of a 500-imperial gpm municipal well adjacent to a normally effluent stream, and varying degrees of interference with private wells caused by dewatering at rates up to 2000-imperial gpm for the installation of a trunk sewer.     

浙江城镇空间扩展与经济发展的遥感研究

近年来。浙江省经济飞速发展。城镇规模迅速扩大。但有关全省城镇建成区扩展面积的具体数量和扩展速度的客观数据还很缺乏。利用多时相的Landsat卫星遥感图像数据。采用目视解译与计算机自动分类方法，对1998～2001年浙江省城镇时空扩展进行了调查。调查结果显示，1998年和2001年浙江省县级以上城市建成区面积分别为977．85km^2和1499．06km^。3年内全省县级以上城市建成区面积扩展了521．21km^2，年增长速率达15．31％。在此基础上，根据区域社会经济统计数据，对城镇经济发展与城市空间扩展的相关性进行了分析。     

安徽省中小型城市用地扩展研究——以滁州市为例

以滁州市1966年的地形图,1978年、1987年、1995年、2000年及2006年的遥感影像为数据源,提取滁州市6个时段的建成区面积对其用地扩展进行了研究。结果表明,滁州市建成区面积在1966-2006年间面积增加了7．84倍,扩展速度经历了先快后慢的过程;发展方向以东南方向为主,40年间城市中心向东、南方向分别迁移了1084m和1940m对揭示安徽省中小型城市用地的发展特征具有一定意义。     

安徽省城市用地扩张及城市化特征研究

根据安徽省1991-2005年城市建成区的扩展情况，从城市空间扩展动态度来对安徽省17个地级市进行城市扩展分类，由此得到城市空间扩展不同梯度的扩展类型。结合社会经济统计数据对安徽城市化特征进行分析，发现安徽省城市化取得了显著的成就，并在此基础上提出了面临的挑战，为城市化进程及城市土地资源的可持续发展提供科学依据。     

马尔柯夫法在耕地质量动态评价中的应用

根据随机过程原理,构建了新的转移矩阵,建立了一个马尔柯夫链综合耕地质量评价模型.通过实例的应用,分析证明了其模型的可靠性,从而为耕地质量动态评价的科学化提供了依据.     

SIMULATION OF RUNOFF FROM URBAN WATERSHEDS1

ABSTRACT. .A mathematical model for urban watersheds is being developed in stages at the Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University at Logan. In verifying the watershed as a unit, watershed coefficients are determined on the computer, and related to the urbanization characteristics. The second stage of verification consists of dividing the watershed into subzones, and determining the urban parameters within each subzone. Each subzone is then individually modeled, and outflow hydrographs are routed through succeeding downstream subzones to the gaging point. The model thus makes it possible to: (a) develop runoff models for subzone hydrographs within the urban watershed, and (b) account for spatial variations of storm and watershed characteristics. An attempt was also made to analytically model the outflow hydrograph based on storm and watershed characteristics.     

A PROCEDURE FOR ASSESSING WATER RESOURCES FOR URBAN PLANNING1

A matrix has been developed to guide the assessment of urban water resources. The matrix provides a means for determining the relative importance of water-related problems, and for identifying the data needed to evaluate these problems for the purpose of urban planning. The matrix columns list nine categories of potential water-related urban problems. The rows list 51 categories of data inputs which may be needed to evaluate the potential problems. The inputs include standard types of basic hydrologic data, information based on analysis and interpretation of these data, and information on the interfacing factors of climate, land, and culture. A system is described for ranking the relative importance of the problem categories and data inputs on a numerical scale of 0 to 3. From this, an index is derived that evaluates the relative importance of each input item to an overall program for water resource assessment. From the completed matrix the hydrologist can determine the availability of data to meet the identified requirements. Judgement can then be made as to priorities on work elements to provide the planner with maximum information in minimum time. The matrix also provides a basis for the development of programs and their funding in order to overcome critical data deficiencies.     

区域环评在城市发展中的作用

在我国城市化进程快速发展的浪潮下,城市发展呈现新的发展趋势,由强调个体竞争转向区域整合,因而环境影响评价的对象也由单个建设项目扩展到区域或更大范围。本文从城市开发选址布局、调整产业结构、促进经济社会与环境协调发展三方面论述了区域环评在城市发展中的作用。