Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution onto alunite

The phosphate removal potential of alunite, a low cost and abundantly available material, has been investigated. The effects of calcination temperature and time of alunite, adsorbent particle size, pH and initial phosphate concentration on the phosphate adsorption by the calcined alunite have been studied. Phosphate removal was seen to increase with increasing calcination temperature, decreasing adsorbent particle size and pH. Adsorption of phosphate followed first-order rate kinetics. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm constants and correlation coefficients were calculated and compared. It was concluded that the adsorption data of phosphate onto calcined alunite fitted to the Langmuir model more than Freundlich model. Specific surface areas of the calcined alunite were calculated at different calcination temperatures and particle sizes.     

利用质子化的水杨醛接枝壳聚糖吸附水中硫酸根

以水杨醛（邻羟基苯甲醛）接枝壳聚糖为基础制备出质子化改性壳聚糖,研究其对硫酸根离子（SO24-）的吸附性能。通过静态吸附实验进行了吸附条件的优化以及吸附等温方程研究,用扫描电镜（SEM）和红外光谱（FTIR）对产物进行了表征,并对吸附机理进行了初步探讨。优化的吸附条件为：吸附时间为40min,SO24-溶液初始浓度500mg／L,pH值为5．0,反应温度为35℃;吸附等温方程研究表明,吸附过程符合Langmuir型,吸附容量为107．53mg／g。SEM和红外光谱分析表明：SO24- 主要是被吸附到壳聚糖的氨基上的。     

Adsorption kinetics of herbicide paraquat from aqueous solution onto activated bleaching earth

In the present study, the activated bleaching earth was used as adsorbent for the herbicide paraquat adsorption in a batch adsorber. The rate of adsorption has been investigated under the controlled process parameters like agitation speed, initial paraquat concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature. A batch kinetic model, based on the assumption of a pseudo-second order mechanism, has been tested to predict the rate constant of adsorption, equilibrium adsorption capacity, time of half-adsorption, and equilibrium concentration by the fittings of the experimental data. The results of the kinetic studies show that the adsorption process can be well described with the pseudo-second order equation. Based on the isotherm data obtained from the fittings of the adsorption kinetics, Freundlich model appears to fit the adsorption better than Langmuir model. In addition, the effective diffusion coefficient has also been estimated based on the restrictive diffusion model.     

交联腐殖酸CHA对水体中铅的吸附性能

通过环氧氯丙烷交联及多胺改性的方法,制备得到新型交联腐殖酸CHA。利用FTIR对其结构进行了表征,并重点考察了吸附温度等不同因素对CHA吸附水体中铅离子性能的影响。结果表明,交联腐殖酸CHA对水体中铅离子具有优异的吸附性能,平衡吸附容量可达到219.3 mg/g,远高于常规高温焙烧方法制得腐殖酸的吸附性能。CHA的吸附性能随反应温度、溶液pH的升高而增大,其吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附方程。     

Adsorption characteristics of Cu(II) from aqueous solution onto biochar derived from swine manure

The purpose of this study was to investigate adsorption characteristic of swine manure biochars pyrolyzed at 400 °C and 700 °C for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The biochars were characterized using BET surface area, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM–EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adsorption of Cu(II) ions by batch method was carried out and the optimum conditions were investigated. The adsorption processes of these biochars are well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption isotherm closely fitted the Sips model. Thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption was endothermic. The maximum Cu(II) adsorption capacities of biochars derived from fresh and composted swine manure at 400 °C were 17.71 and 21.94 mg g^?1, respectively, which were higher than those at 700 °C. XRD patterns indicated that the silicate and phosphate particles within the biochars served as adsorption sites for Cu(II). The removal of Cu(II) ions from industrial effluent indicated that the fresh swine manure biochar pyrolyzed at 400 °C can be considered as an effective adsorbent.     

氨基化凹土对水中焦性没食子酸的吸附

采用氨基硅烷偶联剂(γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷)改性凹凸棒石黏土(以下简称"凹土")为吸附剂,通过静态吸附研究其对模拟废水中焦性没食子酸的吸附性能。结果表明,γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷改性凹土能有效提高凹土的吸附性能,改性凹土吸附50 mL,浓度为100 mg/L焦性没食子酸较理想的条件为吸附剂用量0.4 g、吸附温度20℃、吸附时间40min、体系pH 5.2。通过静态吸附实验数据计算分析得知,拟二级动力学模型比拟一级动力学模型能更好地描述改性凹土对焦性没食子酸的吸附动力学行为,改性凹土对焦性没食子酸的吸附更符合Langmuir等温式,其饱和吸附量为19.861 mg/g。     

粉末活性炭对水溶液中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯的吸附

采用静态吸附法研究了邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)在粉末活性炭上的吸附性能,探讨了粉末活性炭对DEHP的吸附等温线、吸附动力学和吸附热力学特征。结果表明,粉末活性炭对DEHP吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温式;分别采用拟一级反应、拟二级反应和颗粒内扩散反应模型对吸附动力学过程进行了拟合,实验数据遵循颗粒内扩散模型;在20、30、40和50℃下,对应的吉布斯自由能(ΔG0)分別为-2.014、-1.441、-0.868和-0.296 kJ/mol,表明该反应自发进行;焓变(ΔH0)<0,证实该反应为放热反应;熵变(ΔS0)<0,说明该吸附反应是熵值减小的过程;吸附活化能Ea=7.234 kJ/mol和粘附概率S*=0.036分别介于5～40 kJ/mol和0～1范围内,表明该吸附过程主要为物理吸附;活性炭吸附前后红外谱图分析,也验证物理吸附为PAC吸附DEHP之主要机制。     

Adsorption of chloridazon from aqueous solution on modified kerolite-rich materials

The adsorption of chloridazon (5-amine-4-chloro-2-phenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one) on kerolite samples heated at 110°C (K-110), 200°C (K-200), 400°C (K-400), 600°C (K-600) and acid-treated with H₂SO₄ solutions of two different concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 M) (K-0.25 and K-0.5, respectively) from pure water at 25°C has been studied by using batch and column experiments. The adsorption experimental data points were fitted to the Freundlich equation in order to calculate the adsorption capacities (K_f) of the samples; K_f values ranged from 184.7 mg kg^?1 (K-0.5) up to 2253 mg kg^?1 (K-600). This indicated that the heat treatment given to the kerolite greatly increases its adsorption capacity for the herbicide whereas the acid treatment produces a clear decrease in the amount of chloridazon adsorbed. The removal efficiency (R) was also calculated; R values ranging from 52.8% (K-0.5) up to 88.3% (K-600). Thus, the results showed that the 600°C heat-treated kerolite was more effective in relation to adsorption of chloridazon and it might be reasonably used in removing this herbicide from water.     

改性木屑吸附除亚甲基蓝性能

为提高对亚甲基蓝的去除效果,采用热解+NaOH浸泡方法制备了改性木屑,用SEM研究了改性对木屑表面结构的影响,并以该改性木屑为吸附剂,进行了从水溶液中吸附亚甲基蓝的性能研究。研究结果显示,改性木屑表面光滑,并出现多发熔孔。常温下,改性木屑对亚甲基蓝的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,最大吸附量322.58 mg/g,是原始木屑的10倍,是活性炭的3倍,改性效果显著;对浓度为200 mg/L、pH值为7的亚甲基蓝溶液,改性木屑投加量为0.8 g/L时,去除率达到了99.01%,去除效果理想。吸附动力学符合伪二级速率方程。     

Adsorption of chloridazon from aqueous solution on modified kerolite-rich materials

The adsorption of chloridazon (5-amine-4-chloro-2-phenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one) on kerolite samples heated at 110 degrees C (K-110), 200 degrees C (K-200), 400 degrees C (K-400), 600 degrees C (K-600) and acid-treated with H(2)SO(4) solutions of two different concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 M) (K-0.25 and K-0.5, respectively) from pure water at 25 degrees C has been studied by using batch and column experiments. The adsorption experimental data points were fitted to the Freundlich equation in order to calculate the adsorption capacities (K(f)) of the samples; K(f) values ranged from 184.7 mg kg(-1) (K-0.5) up to 2253 mg kg(-1) (K-600). This indicated that the heat treatment given to the kerolite greatly increases its adsorption capacity for the herbicide whereas the acid treatment produces a clear decrease in the amount of chloridazon adsorbed. The removal efficiency (R) was also calculated; R values ranging from 52.8% (K-0.5) up to 88.3% (K-600). Thus, the results showed that the 600 degrees C heat-treated kerolite was more effective in relation to adsorption of chloridazon and it might be reasonably used in removing this herbicide from water.     

Adsorption of atrazine from aqueous solution on heat treated kerolites

The adsorption of 6-chloro-N(2)-ethyl-N(4)-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (atrazine) on heat treated kerolite samples at 110 degrees C (K-110), 200 degrees C (K-200), 400 degrees C (K-400) and 600 degrees C (K-600) from aqueous solution at 25 degrees C has been studied. The evolution of surface properties of kerolite samples such as specific surface area and porosity after heat treatment was analysed. The clays were characterised by using usual techniques: FTIR spectroscopy, XRD diffraction, TG and DTG analysis, surface analysis and Hg porosimetry. The adsorption experimental data points have been fitted to the Freundlich equation in order to calculate the adsorption capacities (K(f)) of the samples; K(f) values range from 468 mgkg(-1) for the K-110 sample up to 2291 mgkg(-1) for the K-600 sample. The values obtained for the removal efficiency (R), (percentage of pesticide removed), ranged from 48% for K-110 up to 78% for K-600. The adsorption experiments showed that the stronger heat treatment, the most effective adsorption of atrazine, so, as this type of clay is relatively plentiful, these activated samples might be used in order to remove this pesticide from water.     

炭化百合杆对废水中苯酚的吸附

采用聚乙二醇活化原材料百合杆,分别在300％和600℃对活化后百合杆进行炭化,制得炭化百合杆,用于吸附废水中的苯酚。实验考察了pH值、吸附时间和吸附质初始浓度对苯酚吸附的影响,采用Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin．Radushkevich等温式分别对该吸附过程进行描述,并结合实验数据对比了准一级和准二级动力学模型。结果表明：炭化百合杆对苯酚的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温式和准二级动力学模型,计算了热力学参数（△G、△H和△s）,说明该吸附过程为自发进行。碳化百合杆对苯酚具有良好吸附性能。     

阴离子粘土对水中瓜儿胶的吸附研究

利用实验室制备的镁铝阴离子粘土材料,研究了其吸附水中瓜儿胶的动力学和热力学.结果表明,在瓜儿胶初始质量浓度为20～60 mg/L及温度为298～323 K时,阴离子粘土对水中瓜儿胶的吸附动力学符合准二级速率方程.阴离子枯土对瓜儿胶的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程,吸附是吸热反应,吸附量随温度升高而略有增加,但吸附表观活化能只有18.13kJ/mol,说明温度对吸附的影响不显著.实验还表明,阴离子粘土对水中瓜儿胶的吸附性能优于活性炭.     

凹凸棒粘土对水中亚甲蓝的吸附性能

用焦磷酸钠和盐酸纯化了地产凹凸棒粘土,SEM、XRD和FT-IR表征其结构。研究了凹凸棒粘土对亚甲蓝的吸附性能及热力学和动力学特征,考察了吸附时间、温度、初始浓度、pH和离子强度下对亚甲蓝吸附的影响。结果表明,不同实验条件下,吸附过程均符合准二级动力学特征。凹凸棒粘土对亚甲蓝是放热的物理吸附过程,吸附符合Langmuir模式,在303 K时最大吸附量为114.02 mg/g。与其他吸附材料相比,凹凸棒粘土对亚甲蓝有较快的吸附速率和较大的吸附量,可以作为价廉的吸附剂用于亚甲蓝的消除。     

聚乙烯吡啶树脂对间苯三酚的吸附性能

通过悬浮聚合的方法,合成了一种聚乙烯吡啶树脂(WH-06)。以大孔弱碱树脂D301和超高交联树脂NDA150作为参照,研究了WH-06树脂对间苯三酚的吸附性能,探讨了溶液的pH及无机盐对树脂吸附间苯三酚的影响。结果表明,WH-06树脂对间苯三酚的吸附等温线都同时满足Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程,且间苯三酚在WH-06树脂上的吸附是一放热过程,能够自发进行,无机盐对WH-06吸附间苯三酚几乎无影响。     

磷在磁铁矿-针铁矿混合相上的吸附

首次采用使用后贴式取暖物（商业名：热力贴）为原料制备吸附剂,元素分析、XRD、红外图谱综合鉴定为磁铁矿-针铁矿混合相（magnetite-goethite mix phase,MGM）,其比表面积为98.3 m2/g,平均粒径为510 nm,零电荷点在pH=5.7附近;磷在MGM上的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,其吸附历时曲线遵循准二级动力学模型,升温能促进磷的吸附;在实际废水磷浓度为51.8 mg/L、初始溶液pH=2的条件下,当MGM投加量为10 g/L时,磷的去除率为94.16%。     

有机海泡石吸附水中刚果红的动力学和热力学研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为改性剂制备有机海泡石,研究有机海泡石对水相中刚果红的吸附行为,并从热力学和动力学方面探讨了其吸附机制.X射线衍射、傅里叶红外光谱分析结果表明,CTAB对海泡石有良好的修饰作用.吸附实验结果表明,刚果红在有机海泡石上的吸附符合Langumir模型,吸附焓变和熵变分别为8.25 kJ/mol、40.70 J/(mol·K),表现为自发的物理吸附,且吸附过程遵循准二级动力学方程,吸附活化能为7.7 kJ/mol.     

麦草对水中苯胺的动态吸附研究

通过对苯胺初始浓度、流速、初始pH值和吸附床高度对穿透曲线的影响进行探讨,采用BDST模型和Thomas模型对动态实验数据进行线性拟合分析,研究了麦草对水中苯胺的动态吸附性能。结果表明：麦草能够有效地去除水中的苯胺,随着吸附床高度增加,穿透时间延长;而随着苯胺初始浓度、流速和pH值的增大,穿透时间急剧缩短。BDST模型能够准确地预测新的操作条件下的穿透时间,误差均〈5％;Thomas模型能够很好地描述麦草对苯胺的动态吸附动力学,由Thomas模型获得的麦草吸附柱对苯胺的动态吸附量与实验值相符。对吸附饱和后的麦草可用0．6mol／L盐酸进行解吸。     

改性二氧化钛纳米管对水体中磷的吸附

利用硝酸铁对二氧化钛纳米管进行改性,并研究了改性二氧化钛纳米管对水中磷的吸附能力及吸附特征。结果表明,通过对二氧化钛纳米管的改性,提高了其对水中磷的吸附能力,磷去除率随着改性二氧化钛纳米管投加量的增加而提高,原水pH值对磷去除率影响不大;温度升高,磷去除率有所提高。进一步研究表明,改性二氧化钛纳米管对磷的吸附是一个快速吸附过程并可用准二级动力学模型进行很好的描述;热力学研究表明,改性二氧化钛纳米管对磷的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,ΔG0H0>0说明吸附反应是自发的吸热反应。     

乙酰化小麦秸秆吸附水中六价铬

研究了乙酰化小麦秸秆对水中六价铬的吸附特性。用傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）对改性前后的小麦秸秆进行表征,通过静态序批实验探究了改性小麦秸秆对六价铬的吸附机理及影响因素。FTIR结果显示,改性后小麦秸秆表面乙酰化程度提高,有酯基产生;改性前后的吸附材料表面零电荷点（pHPZC）分别为2.8与6.3,相比于未改性的小麦秸秆,改性后的pHPZC升高;在温度298 K,溶液pH=1时改性小麦秸秆对六价铬的去除率达到最大值78.83%,并且在酸性条件下改性小麦秸秆均能较好的吸附六价铬;Langmuir等温吸附方程能更好的描述吸附过程,在温度298 K和308 K时,最大吸附量分别为240.213 9 mg·g-1和288.082 3 mg·g-1;吸附为吸热自发过程,遵循准二级动力学方程。