湿法烟气脱硫法鼓泡反应器的气液传质建模

利用双膜理论对湿法烟气脱硫法鼓泡反应器气液传质建立数学模型。通过鼓泡反应的钠碱脱硫实验来验证模型，得到的模型计算结果和实验相吻合。利用模型，通过改变的初始参数来研究对传质的影响。结果表明，提高气流速度、进气浓度、吸收液柱高度和吸收液浓度，有利于传质吸收，提高鼓泡反应器的传质系数和脱硫效率。     

酒精渣液的好氧生物前处理

对高悬浮物、高有机浓度的酒精渣液，利用好氧生物优良的吸附性进行固液分离，既能节约大量的絮凝剂、降低操作费用，又具有较高的降解水中有机物的能力。本文据此提出了 液分离工艺路线，出水能满足酒精生产用水要求，基本实现酒精生产排水的全回用。     

高铁酸钾复合液预处理促进玉米秸秆酶解效率的作用机制

高铁酸钾复合液是制备高铁酸钾剩余的废弃滤液，其内含有大量Fe⁶⁺、ClO^-、OH^-，具有破坏木质纤维素顽固结构，提升酶解糖化的潜力.以玉米秸秆为原料，并将其应用于复合液预处理与后续酶解糖化试验中，主要得到以下结论：新鲜复合液在45℃下预处理24 h固液比为10%(m/V)时，秸秆的酶解糖化效果最佳，还原糖产量高达362.92 mg·g^-1，较对照提高了308.88%；通过机理研究发现，复合液会破坏秸秆表面结构，去除木质素和部分半纤维素，使更多纤维素暴露出，从而提高酶解效率；同时发现，复合液中起主要作用的离子是OH^-和ClO^-，两者相互促进，但不具协同作用；通过SEM、AFM、FTIR、XRD分析手段进一步验证了上述结论；经6次循环利用后，复合液的预处理效率降低了约55.48%.综上，高铁酸钾复合液预处理技术可破坏木质纤维素顽固结构，此项预处理技术的研发为农业废弃物的资源化利用提供了新思路.     

利用尾矿分级溢流液处理矿山酸性废水的研究

根据德兴矿酸性废水及尾矿分级溢流液的特性，经试验，利用尾矿分级溢流液处理矿山生废水是可行的，中和液在尾矿库进行沉淀，中和渣存放于发愤矿库内，不别建渣库，节省投资，这一处理工艺对灰似矿山具有参考价值。     

活性炭吸附去除液相的硫醇的研究

利用吸附分离原理，研究液相中活性炭对硫醇的吸附，通过测定硫醇的浓度，作出其相平衡和透过曲线，确定活性炭在液相中的除臭（硫醇）作用。     

治理酒精糟液的新方法

旋转筛分离技术提取蛋白饲料是治理酒精糟液的新方法，本文介绍了旋转筛分离技术生产工艺过程，说明了采用旋转筛分离技术治理酒精糟液的经济效益及环境效益．该方法充分利用了酒精糟液中可利用的资源，去除了排水中有机物对环境的危害，是酒精糟液综合利用值得推广的方法．     

酸性矿井水中和法沉泥的综合利用途径初探

本文通过对酸性矿井水中和法沉泥及沉泥被酸解后得到的酸解液的残渣成分的分析，认为沉泥可以被酸解后利用，研究发现酸解液中含有较高浓度的铁，铝，锌，锰等金属离子，它们恰好是一些常用无机混凝剂的主要成分，因此我们提出用酸解液作为污水处理混凝剂的设想。另外，酸解沉泥得到的残渣，其主要成分是硫酸钙，在工农工业生产中具有广泛的利用价值。     

煤烟灰水的处理及其资源利用

介绍带式真空过滤机在煤烟灰水固液发离中的应用。经处理的废水，其悬浮物可达到＜１００ｍｇ／Ｌ，实现水的循环回用；固液分离后的灰渣作进一步算是，可以得到利用价值较高的碳精粉以及各种玻璃微珠材料，使煤烟灰的处理和利用开拓一条新的途径。     

海带工业废弃物综合利用现状和展望

本文综述了我国海带工业利用及其废弃物利用的现状，重点分析了海带渣作为罗非鱼饲料成分的利用价值，对褐藻胶过滤废渣和甘露醇度液中钾盐的利用前景进行了展望。     

酸法回收苇浆红液

亚硫酸氢镁法苇浆蒸煮废液是造纸企业污染的主要来源，蒸煮废液（俗称红液）又是制取粘合剂的原料液，企业通过改进提取与蒸发技术，引进先进设备，提升回收利用能力，既降低了环境污染，又取得了可观的经济效益。     

The 10-tenets of adaptive management and sustainability: An holistic framework for understanding and managing the socio-ecological system

The three basic principles of sustainable development, relating to ecology, economy and society, have long been embedded within national and international strategies. In recent years we have augmented these principles by a further seven considerations giving rise to the so-called 10-tenets of sustainable management. Whilst theoretically appealing, discussion of the tenets to date has been largely generic and qualitative and, until the present paper, there has been no formal and quantitative application of these tenets to an actual example. To promote the concept of successful and sustainable environmental management there is the need to develop a robust and practical framework to accommodate value judgements relating to each of the tenets. Although, as originally presented, the tenets relate specifically to management measures, they may also be applied directly to a specific development or activity. This paper examines the application of the tenets in both of these contexts, and considers their incorporation into an assessment tool to help visualise and quantify issues of sustainability.     

中国人不会使世界挨饿

本文通过对中国国土资源食物生产潜力的比较全面、系统的分析,认为中国只要举国上下支持、保护和发展农业,强化国家对农业的主导作用,建立食物安全保障体系,认真执行＂米袋子＂省长负责制,加大对农业特别是对科技的投入力度,面向国土,开发国土,充分、合理利用国土,并相应地建立起具有中国特色的包括耕地、草地、林地、海洋和野生生物资源的食物来源的五大生产体系、符合中国国情的、具有浓厚东方色彩的消费体系、节粮体系以及推行人口计划控制政策,虽农业发展具有艰巨性,但前景依然是光明的。跨越新世纪,中国人定能养活中国人,中国人不会使世界挨饿。     

Mini-review on river eutrophication and bottom improvement techniques, with special emphasis on the Nakdong River

Water quality in rivers is vital to humans and to maintenance of biotic and ecological integrity.During the Four Major Rivers restoration of South Korea, remarkable attempts have been made to decrease external nutrient loads and moveable weirs were designed to discharge silt that may deposit in pools. However, recently eutrophication of the Nakdong River, which was limited to the lower reaches, is seen to be spreading upstream. The reduction of external nutrient loads to rivers is a long-term goal that is unlikely to lead to reductions in algal blooms for many years because of the time required to implement effective land management strategies. It would therefore be desirable to implement complementary strategies. Regulating the amount of water released is effective at preventing algae blooms in weir pools; so, the relationship between discharge, stratification and bloom formation should be understood in this regard. However, pollutants are likely to accumulate in the riverbed upstream from release points. Thus, to control phosphorus levels, total phosphorus density should be lowered by applying in-river techniques as well. As many ecosystem properties are controlled by multiple processes, simultaneous river bottom improvement techniques, such as combined dissolved oxygen supply and nutrient inactivation, are likely to be effective. The purpose of this review is to present a series of technological approaches that can be used to improve the river bottom area and hence sediment nutrient release, and to illustrate the application of these techniques to the Nakdong River.     

2009-2018年太湖大气湿沉降氮磷特征对比研究

为了研究太湖2009-2018年大气湿沉降的时空变化特征,于2009年8月-2010年7月及2017年8月-2018年7月进行了两次环太湖大气湿沉降逐月调查,并从降水中ρ（TN）和ρ（TP）、湿沉降率及沉降通量三方面,对比分析了太湖大气湿沉降的时空变化特征.结果表明:①2009年8月-2010年7月降水中ρ（TN）、ρ（TP）平均值分别为3.170、0.077 mg/L;2017年8月-2018年7月降水中ρ（TN）、ρ（TP）平均值分别为3.160、0.056 mg/L;T检验结果表明,两次调查ρ（TN）、ρ（TP）污染水平差异显著,主要是由于2017年8月-2018年7月较高污染浓度降水事件的减少,全年降水中ρ（TN）、ρ（TP）变异较小.②与2017年8月-2018年7月相比,2009年8月-2010年7月太湖TN、TP湿沉降率平均值分别下降33%和53%,且TN、TP湿沉降空间分布更均匀.③与2009年8月-2010年7月相比,2017年8月-2018年7月太湖流域大气TN、TP沉降通量分别为7 641和131 t,分别下降30%、47%.研究显示,两次调查降水中ρ（TN）平均值均远高于水体富营养化阈值（0.2 mg/L）,因此大气湿沉降中的营养盐对太湖富营养化的贡献不可忽视.      

The rains are disappointing us: dynamic vulnerability and adaptation to multiple stressors in the Afram Plains, Ghana

This paper builds on work on the dynamics of vulnerability and multiple stressors through a case study in the Afram Plains of the Eastern region in Ghana. A vulnerability framework is applied in the community of Mimkyemfre to identify and explain the multiple underlying political, socioeconomic and environmental forces that influence the ways in which people are exposed and sensitive to climate, and their capacities to adapt to changing conditions. The results of the study indicate that the community experiences a range of biophysical and socioeconomic conditions that contribute to its vulnerability. Vulnerability was found to change over time and in some cases was cyclical, in that certain actions taken for the purposes of adaptation were found to exacerbate existing vulnerabilities. Processes of vulnerability were also found to occur at several scales and were experienced unevenly at the community level. The findings of this assessment have important implications for the design and implementation of successful adaptation initiatives, both in Africa and elsewhere. In particular, they demonstrate the need to understand the social, economic and institutional challenges to development as a basis for any contemplation of adaptation to climate change.     

An evaluation of adaptation options for climate change impacts on agriculture in Kazakhstan

Agriculture in Kazakhstan is sensitive to climate, and wheat yields could be reduced up to 70% under climate change. With the transition from a socialist economy to a free market economy, decisions are being made now that will affect Kazakhstan's ability to cope with climate change. A team of Kazakh and American researchers examined the cost-effectiveness and barriers to implementations of adaptation options for climate change. Twelve adaptation options that increase flexibility to respond to climate change were identified using a screening matrix. Four options, forecasting pest outbreaks, developing regional centers for preserving genetic diversity of seeds, supporting a transition to a free market, and reducing soil erosion through the use of changed farming practices, were examined. The Adaptation Decision Matrix (ADM) was then applied to estimate benefits using expert judgment (using an arbitrary numerical scale, not monetary values) and benefits estimates were compared to costs to determine cost-effectiveness. The ADM uses subjective measures of how well adaptation options meet policy objectives. Controlling soil erosion was estimated to have the highest benefits, but the high costs of implementation appears to make it relatively cost-ineffective. Supporting a transition to a free market was ranked as the most cost-effective measure, with regional centers second. However, use of different scales to quantify benefits or different weights can result in regional centers being more cost-effective than the transition to a free market. Regional centers was also judged to have fewer barriers to implementation than a transition to a free market. These results will be incorporated in Kazakhstan's National Action Plan. The ADM and other tools are relatively easy to apply, but are quite subjective and difficult to evaluate. The tools can be quite useful by decision makers to analyze advantages and disadvantages between different adaptation options, but should be supplemented with additional, particularly quantitative analysis.     

论我国用汞总量的削减

分析比较了我国的用汞数量、世界汞的产量及用量的统计数据,从汞本身的污染危害性,我国用汞和污染现状及发展趋势,以及应对全球限汞、禁汞趋势等方面论述了我国用汞总量亟待削减和削减的可行性。并以体温计行业为例,提出了我国削减用汞总量的具体建议:控制生产规模,慎批新建涉汞加工利用的生产项目,并逐渐淘汰生产规模过小的企业;充分运用法律和行政管理手段,逐渐提升对涉汞企业的要求,将最低环保门槛与择优审批相结合;严格限制某些含汞产品的销售和使用;大力推广替代产品和技术;组织对废弃产品中的汞进行集中回收和处置;修订和制订相关涉汞标准;制订我国涉汞行业的用汞削减规划和相应的产业调整计划,逐步限汞,最终禁汞。      

面向实施的市级国土空间规划传导思路与技术方法

规划传导是保障国土空间规划实施的关键环节,从理念层面的治理转型、规则层面的事权匹配、空间层面的要素管理入手,对市级规划传导的技术思路与方法途径进行了研究。研究表明：空间规划具有的基础性、有限性和动态性等特征是规划传导的基础出发点,应建立起涵盖理念宽度、事权力度和要素精度的规划传导框架。在此基础上提出双向反馈、权责清单、刚弹结合、尺度容差、动态平衡等技术思路来分步推进规划传导,并以广州为例提出了规划传导实施层面的方法途径,为建立能用、管用、好用的规划传导政策规则和体制机制,为完善国土空间规划体系和推动规划有效实施提供研究支撑。     

太湖流域城乡建设用地扩张的高程特征变化

文章以城乡建设用地扩张的高程变化为焦点,运用太湖流域1985、1995、2000 和2010 年4 期土地利用数据及90 m DEM数据,通过构建建设用地密度指数、增量比、扩张速度、扩张强度及建设用地高程指数等指标,探寻太湖流域城乡建设用地高程变化的空间分异特征及其演变规律,结果表明:建设用地流域整体扩张的热点从中等高程区向较高和较低高程区转移,且向较低高程区转移态势尤为凸显,流域空间分布上表现为流域东部下游平原河网及北部沿江的城镇密集区和南部苕溪上游山谷地带建设用地向较低高程区逐渐扩张的趋势,而在除苕溪外的流域其他上游山地丘陵区逐渐向较高高程区扩张;新区开发及新城建设推动着城乡建设用地快速扩张,适宜建设土地供给有限与土地财政驱动下用地需求旺盛之间的矛盾迫使建设用地扩张走向较低和较高高程区,尤其苏南城镇密集区向较低高程区转移趋势更显著;建设用地向低海拔地区扩张必然挤占自然蓄滞水空间,分割和阻塞自然行洪通道,且地势低洼处洪水易蓄难排,而高海拔地区扩张会加快汇流缩短下游洪峰时间,导致区域水文安全隐患和内涝事件频发.     

Mini-review on river eutrophication and bottom improvement techniques,with special emphasis on the Nakdong River

Water quality in rivers is vital to humans and to maintenance of biotic and ecological integrity. During the Four Major Rivers restoration of South Korea, remarkable attempts have been made to decrease external nutrient loads and moveable weirs were designed to discharge silt that may deposit in pools. However, recently eutrophication of the Nakdong River, which was limited to the lower reaches, is seen to be spreading upstream. The reduction of external nutrient loads to rivers is a long-term goal that is unlikely to lead to reductions in algal blooms for many years because of the time required to implement effective land management strategies. It would therefore be desirable to implement complementary strategies. Regulating the amount of water released is effective at preventing algae blooms in weir pools; so, the relationship between discharge, stratification and bloom formation should be understood in this regard. However, pollutants are likely to accumulate in the riverbed upstream from release points. Thus, to control phosphorus levels, total phosphorus density should be lowered by applying in-river techniques as well. As many ecosystem properties are controlled by multiple processes, simultaneous river bottom improvement techniques, such as combined dissolved oxygen supply and nutrient inactivation, are likely to be effective. The purpose of this review is to present a series of technological approaches that can be used to improve the river bottom area and hence sediment nutrient release, and to illustrate the application of these techniques to the Nakdong River.