微波消解、ICP-AES法测定苔藓植物中化学元素

利用微波消解、等离子体发射光谱(AES)法对苔藓植物进行元素测定,结果发现,测定标准物质的准确度和精密度令人满意,测定苔藓植物各元素的精密度都比较高,除Al以外,Ba、Ca、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、Zn等元素回收率均在93%~106.5%之间.     

Microwave digestion method in environmental analysis

Ｍｉｃｒｏｗａｖｅｄｉｇｅｓｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｎｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ￥ＺｈａｎｇＹｕｅ（ＷａｄｓｗｏｒｔｈＣｅｎｔｒｅ，ＮｅｗＹｏｒｋＳｔａｔｅＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＨｅａｌｔｈＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＰｕｂｌｉｃＨｅａｌｔｈ，Ｓ...     

微波消解、ICP-AES法快速测定水底底泥中的微量元素

采用微波消解样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES),在射频功率:1.1KW,等离子气流量:15.0L/min,辅助气流量:1.50L/min,雾化气流量:0.5 L/min,蠕动泵转速20r./min下,快速测定底泥中微量元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Ni、Mn含量的方法,方法快速简便、准确度高、精密度好,可用于各类底泥中微量元素的测定.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定水中钴

利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定水中钴,并优化了测定条件.结果表明,本方法检出限低,准确度高,精密度好.     

微波消化／ICP—AES法测定固废物中的多种元素

采用ＭＤＳ－８１Ｄ型微波消解系统，消解固体废弃物样品，如电镀污泥，铬渣，砷钙渣，铜渣，铋渣，锑渣，尾矿渣，铅锌渣及粉煤灰等，并以ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ方法测定了消解液中多种金属元素的含量。研究了不同样品的消解条件，如试样量，酸的种类，浓度，用量及微波功率，加热时间等。对锑渣进行精密度实验的相对标准偏差为１．０％－４．０％，回收率８７．０％－１１６．２％，与常规消解法有较好的可比性。     

微波消解-原子荧光法测定海洋沉积物中As的研究

研究了微波消解海洋沉积物中的As,在比较几种不同的酸消解体系后,得到适合海洋沉积物分析的酸消解体系.与传统的湿法消解比较,测试结果无显著性差异.微波消解具有快速高效、试剂用量少、空白值低、样品不易挥发等优点,已成为海洋沉积物样品前处理的有效手段.     

干法厌氧消化在有机垃圾处理中的应用

目前生活垃圾中含有大量可利用的有机垃圾,其在厌氧条件下可消化产生沼气,有机垃圾直接填埋会造成可再生能源的浪费.提出了干法厌氧消化工艺,干法压氧消化器越来越多用于可再生能源作物材料产出沼气上.同时分析了各种控制参数对于法消化运行的影响及干法消化适用的领域.     

Enhancement of thermophilic anaerobic digestion of thickened waste activated sludge by combined microwave and alkaline pretreatment

Pretreatment of thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) by combined microwave and alkaline pretreatment (MAP) was studied to improve thermophilic anaerobic digestion efficiency. Uniform design was applied to determine the combination of target temperature (110–210°C), microwave holding time (1–51 min), and NaOH dose (0–2.5 g NaOH/g suspended solids (SS)) in terms of their effect on volatile suspended solids (VSS) solubilization. Maximum solubilization ratio (85.1%) of VSS was observed at 210°C with 0.2 g-NaOH/g-SS and 35 min holding time. The effects of 12 different pretreatment methods were investigated in 28 thermophilic batch reactors by monitoring cumulative methane production (CMP). Improvements in methane production in the TWAS were directly related to the microwave and alkaline pretreatment of the sludge. The highest CMP was a 27% improvement over the control. In spite of the increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration and the decrease in dewaterability of digested sludge, a semi-continuous thermophilic reactor fed with pretreated TWAS without neutralization (at 170°C with 1 min holding time and 0.05 g NaOH/g SS) was stable and functioned well, with volatile solid (VS) and total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) reductions of 28% and 18%, respectively, which were higher than those of the control system. Additionally, methane yields (L@STP/g-CODadded, at standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions of 0°C and 101.325 kPa) and (L@STP/g VSadded) increased by 17% and 13%, respectively, compared to the control reactor.     

微波技术在环境治理中的应用研究进展

综述了微波技术在废气、废水、固体废弃物的处理与环境监测等方面的应用,发现微波技术应用于环境治理领域具有快速高效、节能降耗、安全方便、处理过程中无二次污染物的优点,在环境监测与分析的样品预处理过程中,能够大大缩短预处理时间,操作简单高效,具有较大的环保应用潜力。     

Neutron activation method in the analysis of environmental objects

ＮｅｕｔｒｏｎａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｎｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｏｂｊｅｃｔｓＧ．Ｍ．Ｋｏｌｅｓｏｖ（Ｖ．Ｉ．ＶｅｒｎａｄｓｋｙＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｃｈｅｍ。＆Ａｎａｌ．Ｃｈｅｍ．，ＲｕｓｓｉａｎＡｃａｄ...     

微波消解-原子荧光法测定海洋生物中As

主要研究微波消解技术作为海洋生物As分析的前处理手段.海洋生物样品经微波消解后,以硫脲-抗坏血酸溶液作为还原剂,使用原子荧光法测定海洋生物中As含量,测试结果准确,与传统的湿法消解相比,微波消解技术使海洋生物As 的分析变得简单、快速,同时避免了沾污,极大的提高了工作效率,微波消解将会成为海洋环境样品前处理的理想手段.     

Determination of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in environmental samples

Ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｏｌｙｃｈｌｏｒｉｎａｔｅｄｂｉｐｈｅｎｙｌｃｏｎｇｅｎｅｒｓｉｎｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓａｍｐｌｅｓ￥ＣｈｕＳｈａｏｇａｎｇ；ＹａｎｇＣｈｕｎ；ＸｕＸｉａｏｂａｉ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－Ｅｎｖ...     

沉积物中不同形态磷提取方法的改进及其环境地球化学意义

本文给出了一个较为系统的沉积物中不同形态Ｐ的提取方法，将沉积物中Ｐ以吸附态磷，铝结合磷，铁结合磷，闭蓄态磷，自生钙结合磷，原生碎屑磷和有机磷等７种形态分步提取，并重点考虑了分离提取原生碎屑磷和自生钙结合磷，分离提取铝结合磷，分离提取铝结合磷，铁结合磷和闭蓄态磷。本方法具有很强的环境地球化学研究应用价值。     

ICP-AES法测定大气降水中微量金属元素

利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对降水中的Al、Ba、Cr、Fe、Ni、Ti和Zn 7种微量金属元素进行了同时测定。通过信噪比选取了这7种元素的最佳分析谱线和最优仪器测试条件。在此条件下,7种元素的线性相关系数r均大于0.999,6次测试样品的相对标准偏差均小于5%,Al、Ba、Cr、Fe、Ni、Ti和Zn的检出限分别为0.79、0.34、0.33、0.25、0.54、0.08和0.85μg/L。空白加标回收率为93.24%~100.88%,该方法操作简单、准确、快速,适用于大气降水中多种微量金属元素的同时测定。     

Microwave assisted digestion followed by ICP-MS for determination of trace metals in atmospheric and lake ecosystem

The study of trace metals in the atmosphere and lake water is important due to their critical effects on humans,aquatic animals and the geochemical balance of ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration of trace metals in atmospheric and lake water samples during the rainy season(before and after precipitation)between November and December 2015. Typical methods of sample preparation for trace metal determination such as cloud point extraction,solid phase extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction are time-consuming and difficult to perform; therefore,there is a crucial need for development of more effective sample preparation procedure. A convection microwave assisted digestion procedure for extraction of trace metals was developed for use prior to inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometric determination. The result showed that metals like zinc(133.50–419.30 μg/m~3)and aluminum(53.58–378.93 μg/m~3)had higher concentrations in atmospheric samples as compared to lake samples before precipitation.On the other hand,the concentrations of zinc,aluminum,chromium and arsenic were significantly higher in lake samples after precipitation and lower in atmospheric samples. The relationship between physicochemical parameters(pH and turbidity)and heavy metal concentrations was investigated as well. Furthermore,enrichment factor analysis indicated that anthropogenic sources such as soil dust,biomass burning and fuel combustion influenced the metal concentrations in the atmosphere.     

气相色谱-三重四级杆质谱测定环境样品中17种二 英

研究了基于Agilent气相色谱-三重四级杆质谱测定环境样品中17种二 英的分析方法.结果表明,在浓度范围0.5~2000ng/mL之间具有良好的线性,17种二 英的相对响应因子在0.96~1.21之间,相对标准偏差< 14%,定量限范围在0.080~2.83pg/μL之间,适合环境样品中超痕量二 英的分析.利用该方法对第15轮二 英国际实验室比对的沉积物样品进行了测试,总I-TEQ值落在Intercal给定的中位值±标准偏差范围内.研究选取污染源烟道气、飞灰、土壤和沉积物等40多个环境样品进行测试,并与高分辨质谱测定结果比较表明,当环境样品中二 英浓度在0~60ng I-TEQ范围,两者数据具有较好的线性相关性,R2=0.997.就17种单体而言,利用三重四级杆质谱测定的2,3,7,8-TCDF和1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF结果会高于高分辨质谱,而1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD的结果低于高分辨质谱的测定值.鉴于三重四级杆质谱在购置、维护和能耗等方面的低成本优势,本方法可作为简易经济的环境中超痕量二 英的分析方法.     

A novel kinetic procedure for the determination of iron in environmental samples

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｉｒｏｎｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｉｔｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｉｎｂｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓｔｕｄ...     

高浓度有机废水二相厌氧消化过程特性研究

以填充床生物膜酸化反应器与上流式污泥床反应器（UASB）甲烷化反应器组成的二相厌氧消化装置处理高浓度啤酒废水或合成废水,最大处理能力为32～35kgCOD/d·m³。提出了二相工艺高负荷运行时最低必需酸化率的概念。进水浓度5000mgCOD/L,容积负荷30kgCOD/d·m³时,最低酸化率为28％。对主要操作参数的灵敏度分析表明,操作负荷、酸化率和进水碱度是影响COD去除率的主要操作参数。对二相厌氧消化系统中影响反应器内微生物群系的生态平衡、微生物本征活性和反应器宏观行为的主要因素进行了分类和综合讨论。     

Detennination of trace uranium in environment by laser induced fluorescence method

ＤｅｔｅｎｎｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｒａｃｅｕｒａｎｉｕｍｉｎｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｂｙｌａｓｅｒｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｃｅｍｅｔｈｏｄＷｕＪｉｎｈａｉ，ＹｕａｎＺｈｅｎｇａｎ，ＬｉＪｉｎｑｕａｎ，ＺｈａｎｇＣｈｕａｎｚｕｏ，ＲｅｎＬｉｈｕａ...     

Cloud point extraction coupled with HPLC-UV for the determination of phthalate esters in environmental water samples

A method based on cloud point extraction was developed to determine phthalate esters including di-ethyl-phthalate （DEP）, di- （2-ethylhexyl）-phthalate （DEHP） and di-cyclohexyl-phthalate （DCP） in environmental water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography separation and ultraviolet detection （HPLC-UV）. The non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 was chosen as extraction solvent. The parameters affecting extraction efficiency, such as concentrations of Triton X-114 and Na2SO4, equilibration temperature, equilibration time and centrifugation time were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the method can achieve preconcentration factors of 35, 88, 111 and detection of limits of 2.0, 3.8, 1.0 ng/ml for DEP, DEHP and DCP in 10-ml water sample, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amount of phathalate esters in effluent water of the wastewater treatment plant and the lixivium of plastic fragments.