江津润湿时间的温度分布研究

采用直接读取、4点统计、24点统计三种方法研究了江津试验站1998年的润湿时间的温度分布,研究表明,可以利用全年每天2、8、14、20点的4个数据统计年润湿时间的温度分布;江津地区润湿时间的温度分布特征主要为：(1)99％的年润湿时间是在5℃至30℃温度范围,每月润湿时间的温度波动一般为15℃;(2)在(0～5)℃、(5～10)℃、(10～15)℃、(15～20)℃、(20～25)℃、(25～30)℃、(30～35)℃区间内,4点统计法各区间润湿时间的百分比分别为0.34％、13．4％、24．5％、18．3％、26．0％、17．4％、0．0％。     

碱法草浆造纸黑液厌氧生物降解研究

采用中温(34±2℃)全混合式厌氧反应器处理蒽酸和硫化烧碱草浆造纸黑液。对比厌氧发酵结合物化前或后处理两种方法进行试验,厌氧生物降解COD_(er)去除率分别为61.2～75.3％和34.9～46.2％,COD_(er)总去除率分别为80.0～87.6％和68.4～75.8％。在厌氧发酵稳态运行条件下,对发酵污泥中主要微生物类群和数量进行了研究。     

酸雨及大气颗粒物中可溶性SO_4~(2-)的流动注射—比浊法测定

本文研究了在一定酸度下,以BaCl_2为沉淀剂,OP(聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚)为保护剂的比浊法测定酸雨及大气颗粒物中SO_4~(2-)含量的分析条件,选择的最佳体系为:BaCl_2·2H_2O(2％)—OP(5％)。SO_4~(2-)含量在0.6—7.2μg1ml范围内呈线性关系,回收率为95～105％,相对平均标准偏差小于2.6％。在此基础上与流动注射仪联用,提高了分析速度,改善了精密度。     

岩生香薷挥发油的成分研究

香薷为常用中药,有发表解暑、行水利湿作用,临床用以治疗夏季感冒、发热、头痛等症。由于香薷的品种和分布不同,其挥发油的成分各不相同. 藤田等报道日本大板附近产香薷(Elsholtzia ciliata hylander)挥发油的成分以β-去氢薷酮(35.3～66％)、异戊烯酸(8.1～19.4％)、香薷酮(1.7～7.6％)等为主;Nave YR等证明E.Oldhami Hemsi含香薷酮和β-去氢香薷酮.     

离子色谱法应用于杭州地表水中有机酸及无机阴离子分布研究

建立了离子色谱-抑制电导法同时检测杭州市地表水中的有机酸及无机阴离子,并对地表水中有机酸及无机阴离子的含量进行探讨.该方法的重现性(RSD)为0.15％ ～4.92％,相关系数r2为0.9990 ～ 0.9999,加标回收率为84.36％～111.05％,最低检出限为0.003～0.028 mg/L.利用该建立的方法,...     

赛里木湖和喀纳斯湖水体中CODMn与TOC相关性分析

分析2012年赛里木湖和喀纳斯湖湖区和主要出入湖河流水质,测定总有机碳(TOC)和高锰酸盐指数(CODMn),研究他们之间的相关性,建立TOC和CODMn的线性回归方程,统计计算值与实测值的相对误差.研究结果表明,CODMn和TOC呈现良好相关性,相关系数为0.854((p＜0.01,n=42);赛里木湖和喀纳斯湖通过TOC计算CODMn的回归方程分别为CODMn=1.302TOC+0.36(R =0.966,α＜0.01)和CODMn=0.594TOC+0.661(R=0.823,α＜0.01);计算值与实测值相对误差范围是3.2％～16.7％.     

生物样品中微量挥发酚测定的正交试验研究及其应用

本文研究用L;(3~4)正交试验法确定生物样品中微量挥发酚测定的最佳显色体系和样品前处理程序。选用pH10.0,0.75ml 2％4-AAP,1.00ml 8％K_3Fe(CN_6),总体积200ml的显色体系,使灵敏度提高了4.5倍,空白吸光度减少5/6。用于动,植物及尿样中ppm级挥发酚的测定,其精密度优于7％,回收率在85～101％之间,完全能用题示目的分析要求。     

茵陈挥发油成分鉴定及抗氧化活性研究

用GC-MS分析木菊科植物茵陈挥发油的化学组成并研究其抗氧化活性.采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,用GC-MS进行成分分析,用分光光度法测定茵陈挥发油对DPPH·和·OH的清除率.结果表明,20个化合物结构被确定,占挥发油总量的96.6％,主要成分为棕榈酸(33.1％)、氧化石竹烯(19.1％)和匙叶桉油烯醇(9.9％).茵陈挥发油对DPPH·和·OH具有良好的清除作用,抗氧化活性较强.茵陈挥发油的主要成分为棕榈酸(33.1％)和氧化石竹烯(19.1％),并具有强大的抗氧化活性,在食品和医药产业具有广泛的应用前景.     

单循环系统交变湿热试验室在降温阶段中保持高湿的研究与分析

单循环交变湿热试验室的主要技术关键是降温阶段如何保持高湿(95％～100％)。本文通过对空气再处理的流程顺序、加湿量、蒸发器表面温度等进行研究探讨,论证单循环交变湿热试验室的可行性。     

氢化物发生原子荧光法测定钻井废水中的铅

目前测定铅的分析方法主要有分光光度法、阳极溶出伏安法、示波极谱法、原子吸收法等。针对比色法灵敏度低,试剂不稳定;电化学法干扰严重;而原子吸收法,线性范围窄,样品用量大等问题,江苏油田采用氢化物发生原子荧光法测定钻井废水中的铅。样品经HNO3-HClO4消解,3％～4％KBH4还原,以0.8％～1.5％的HCl为介质,加入10％K3Fe(CN)6和2％H2C2O4基体改进剂,用原子荧光法连续测定钻井废水中的铅。铅的检测限为0.61ng/mL,回收率为87.4％～146％,变异系数＜4.2％。该方法操作简单,灵敏度高。     

Robust reliability and electrical performances by the bulk-contact modulation in 60-V p-channel LDMOS power components

To increase reliability and electrical performance, shallow-trench isolation (STI) (or called field-oxide (FOX)) structures were inserted in the bulk-contact region of 60-V high-voltage p-channel lateral-diffused MOSFET (pLDMOS) devices in this study. As the FOX ratio increased with the addition of FOX segments, the value of the secondary breakdown current (I_t2) was enhanced. Therefore, the anti-electrostatic discharge ability of a pLDMOS device can be efficiently improved using this novel method. In addition, when the weighting ratio of FOX structures increased, variation values in the trigger voltage (V_t1) and holding voltage (V_h) of the corresponding samples remained within the range of approximately 1–4 V. The R_on value decreased because of more uniform conduction. The experimental data for the FOX structures added to the bulk revealed that the I_t2 value was improved by approximately 13.98%, V_h values were greater than 60 V (which is favorable for latch-up immunity), and the R_on value was decreased by approximately 12.62% compared with a reference device under test (without FOX segments in the bulk-contact region).     

Environmental and economic aspects of production and utilization of RDF as alternative fuel in cement plants: A case study of Metro Vancouver Waste Management

Municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal and management is one of the most significant challenges faced by urban communities around the world. Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) over the years has utilized many sophisticated technologies and smart strategies. Municipalities worldwide have pursued numerous initiatives to reduce the environmental burden of the MSW treatment strategies. One of the most beneficial MSWM strategies is the thermal treatment or energy recovery to obtain cleaner renewable energy from waste. Among many waste-to-energy strategies, refuse-derived fuel (RDF) is a solid recovered fuel that can be used as a substitute for conventional fossil fuel. The scope of this study is to investigate the feasibility of RDF production with MSW generated in Metro Vancouver, for co-processing in two cement kilns in the region. This study investigates environmental impacts and benefits and economic costs and profits of RDF production. In addition, RDF utilization as an alternative fuel in cement kilns has been assessed. Cement manufacturing has been selected as one of the most environmentally challenged industries and as a potential destination for RDF to replace a portion of conventional fossil fuels with less energy-intensive fuel. A comprehensive environmental assessment is conducted using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. In addition, cost–benefit analysis (CBA) has been carried out to study the economic factors. This research confirmed that RDF production and use in cement kilns can be environmentally and economically viable solution for Metro Vancouver.     

A coordinated control strategy using supercapacitor energy storage and series dynamic resistor for enhancement of fault ride-through of doubly fed induction generator

Power fluctuation and fault-related complication are the two major issues for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy conversion system (WECS). The occurrence of fault leads to the rotor over current, stator over current, and DC-link overvoltage as well. These uncertainties may damage the rotor circuit, converter circuit and force the disconnection of wind system from the grid. To get rid of these issues, a supercapacitor energy storage element along with a passive series dynamic resistor (SDR) is suggested in this paper. Supercapacitor energy storage system (SCESS) is located across the DC-link, which able to handle the power fluctuation and the SDR is placed in rotor circuit, which will reduce the overcurrent possibility. Simulation is carried for a DFIG-based WECS for three phase to ground fault and two phase to ground fault. During symmetrical fault as well as asymmetrical fault, various operational disorders appeared such as rotor overcurrent, stator overcurrent and DC-Link overvoltage are found to be within their permissible limits. The results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed strategy over the conventional vector control scheme and SCESS as well.     

The potential of cost-effective coconut husk for the removal of toxic metal ions for environmental protection

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) husk, an agricultural waste, has been thoroughly investigated for the removal of toxic Cd(II), Cr(III) and Hg(II) ions from aqueous media. The parameters like nature and composition of electrolyte, concentration of toxic ions, dosage of coconut husk, and equilibration time between the two phases were optimized for their maximum accumulation onto the solid surface. The effect of common ions on the uptake of metal ions has been monitored under optimal conditions. The variation of retention of each metal ion with temperature was used to compute the thermodynamic quantities DeltaH, DeltaS and DeltaG. The values 18.1+/-0.6 kJmol(-1), 74+/-2 Jmol(-1)K(-1), and -3.8+/-0.04 kJmol(-1) at 298 K; 10.8+/-0.8 kJmol(-1), 48.8+/-2.7 Jmol(-1)K(-1), and -4.6+/-0.3 kJmol(-1) at 298 K; and -37.4+/-2k Jmol(-1), 105+/-7 Jmol(-1)K(-1) and -2.58+/-0.5 kJmol(-1) at 298 K were obtained for Cd(II), Cr(III) and Hg(II) ions, respectively. The sorption data were analysed by applying different sorption isotherms. The sorption capacity and energy were evaluated for each metal ion. The values of the Freundlich constants 1/n and C(m) were 0.92+/-0.04 and 52.6+/-22.2 mmolg(-1); 0.85+/-0.05 and 56.0+/-0.03 mmolg(-1); and 0.88+/-0.03 and 6.84+/-0.45 mmolg(-1) for Cd(II) Cr(III) and Hg(II) ions, respectively. Similarly, the Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) constants beta, X(m,) and E were evaluated for the three metal ions. To check the selectivity of the sorbent, sorption of a number of elements was measured under similar conditions. Separation of Zn(II) from Cd(II); Cr(III) from I(I), Zr(IV), Se(IV), and Hg(II) from Se(IV) and Zn(II) can be achieved using this sorbent. This cheap material has potential applications in analytical chemistry, water decontamination, industrial effluent treatment and in pollution abatement.     

含Cr（Ⅵ）废水生物处理技术及其影响因素

本文综述了微生物还原处理含价铬的废水的研究进展。讨论了影响微生物还原Cr(Ⅵ）因素包括生物体密度、初始Cr（Ⅵ）的浓度、碳源、pH、温度、溶解氧、氧化还原电位、含氧阴离子和金属离子。微生物还原Cr（Ⅵ）技术作为一种富有创新的研究应用于Cr（Ⅵ）污染的环境恢复。     

Assessment of the small modular reactor (SMR) marketing using modified network dynamics-based system dynamics (SD) method

Following the export success of the South Korean small modular reactor (SMR), it has been investigated for the marketing strategy of nuclear power plants (NPPs). The information feedback oriented method for the social-business matters, system dynamics (SD), is applied to the assessment of the marketing strategy in which the forecasting skills are performed. Each element has the Boolean value as 0 or 1 in which the values are selected by the random number generation. If the generated values are higher than the designed value decided by the operator, it is 1. Otherwise, it is 0. The networking based dynamical modeling is discussed. The modification of the linear networking is changed by the SD algorithm where the feedback and multiple connections are added to the original network dynamics theory. This new method has shown the complexity of the marketing strategy, especially for the NPPs.     

Artificial neural network based maximum power point tracking controller for photovoltaic standalone system

This article presents a two-stage maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller using artificial neural network (ANN) for photovoltaic (PV) standalone system, under varying weather conditions of solar irradiation and module temperature. At the first-stage, the ANN algorithm locates the maximum power point (MPP) associated to solar irradiation and module temperature. Then, a simple controller at the second-step, by changing the duty cycle of a DC–DC boost converter, tracks the MPP. In this method, in addition to experimental data collection for training the ANN, a circuit is designed in MATLAB-Simulink to acquire data for whole ranges of weather condition. The whole system is simulated in Simulink. Simulation results show small transient response time, and low power oscillation in steady-state. Furthermore, dynamic response verifies that this method is very fast and precise at tracking the MPP under rapidly changing irradiation, and has very low power oscillation under slowly changing irradiation. Experimental results are provided to verify the simulation results as well.     

Retrieving surface deformation by PSInSAR™ technology: A powerful tool in reservoir monitoring

Reservoir monitoring improves our understanding of reservoir behaviour and helps achieve more effective reservoir management and prediction of future performance with obvious economic benefits. It relies on an integrated approach involving both surveillance (well or surface based; seismic, electrical, leakage, flow and deformation measurements, etc.) and modelling. Surface deformation monitoring can provide valuable constraints on the dynamic behaviour of a reservoir enabling the evaluation of volumetric changes in the reservoir through time. Levelling campaigns, tiltmeters, GPS permanent stations and Permanent Scatterer SAR Interferometry (PSInSAR™) are the techniques most widely used to determine surface displacements. Whatever the surveying technique, the detection of millimetre-level surface deformation is required to monitor small surface displacement rates that could impact risk evaluation and land use planning. Depending on depth and reservoir/overburden rheology, volumetric changes in reservoirs due to fluid extraction and injection can induce either subsidence or uplift that could trigger fault reactivation and threaten well integrity; deformation may also be detectable at the surface. Mapping surface effects accurately requires hundreds of observation points per km² which cannot be delivered by traditional monitoring methods without unacceptably large expenditure. PSInSAR™ is one of the most promising and cost-effective techniques capable of providing high precision and high areal density displacement measurements over long periods of time. Moreover, the availability of PS data for both ascending and descending orbits enables the estimation of both vertical and E–W horizontal displacement fields. Two case histories will be presented to illustrate the advantages of PSInSAR™ technology for the detection of surface deformation induced by reservoir exploitation and monitoring of its evolution though time.     

城市污水处理厂出水的化学需氧量和悬浮物的相关关系以及悬浮物测定方法探讨

以活性污泥法为基础的二级生化处理工艺是城市污水处理的基本方法，其出水的化学需氧量值(CODCr)不仅大于悬浮物(SS)值，而且两者之间还存在着一致性的相关关系。本文对这种关系作了相应探讨。同时对悬浮物的测定方法进行了探讨，提出了悬浮物的表示由可沉固体 透明度的概念。     

Integrating Strategic Environmental Assessment with Industry Planning: A Case Study of the Pasquai-Porcupine Forest Management Plan,Saskatchewan, Canada

Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is gaining widespread recognition as a tool for integrating environmental considerations in policy, plan, and program development and decision-making. Notwithstanding the potential of SEA to improve higher-order decision processes, there has been very little attention given to integrating SEA with industry planning practices. As a result, the benefits of SEA have yet to be fully realized among industrial proponents. That said, SEA practice is ongoing, albeit informally and often under a different label, and is proving to be a valuable tool for industry planning and decision-making. Based on a case study of the Pasquai-Porcupine forest management plan in Saskatchewan, Canada, this paper illustrates how an integrated approach to SEA can contribute to industry environmental decision-making and can enhance the quality and deliverability of industry plans.