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1.
Hongyu Huang Noriyuki Kobayashi Miwa Sakata Yuko Suzuki Fujio Watanabe Masanobu Hasatani Kiyoshi Matsuyama Shigenori Yoshida Yoshihito Mitsuhara 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(2):182-187
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues from the sodium dispersion (SD) process were employed as the raw materials for the
production of activated carbon using KOH activation. The pore properties, such as the specific surface area and pore size
distribution, were characterized using the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda method and the Horvath–Kawazoe method based on the N2 adsorption isotherm at 77 K. The activated carbon produced showed similar adsorption capacities and specific surface areas
to the commercially available product. The effects of the activation conditions on the porosity of the activated carbon produced
were studied. The most significant factor affecting the specific surface proved to be the activation temperature. The activated
carbon produced from PCB residues from the high-temperature (423–443 K) SD process had a binary pore size distribution well
developed in the 4 nm region and in the micropore region. The pore structure of the carbon produced from PCB residues from
the low-temperature (333–393 K) SD process had a wide range of micropores and mesopores. 相似文献
2.
Masaru Watanabe Shuhei Sawamoto Tadafumi Adschiri Kunio Arai 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(2):99-102
This paper gives the results of partial oxidation experiments of polyethylene (PE) in supercritical water (SCW). The experiments
were carried out at a reaction temperature of 693K and a reaction time of 30 min using 6 cm3 of a batch-type reactor. The loaded sample weight was 0.3 g and there was 2.52 g water (0.42 g/cm3). The ratio of oxygen atoms to carbon atoms was 0.3. The results show a significant CO formation in O2–SCW, and the 1-alkene/n-alkane ratio in partial oxidation was higher than that in SCW pyrolysis. These results suggest the possibility of the hydrogenation
of hydrocarbon through partial oxidation followed by a water–gas shift reaction.
Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: September 28, 2000 相似文献
3.
N. Watanabe N. Tanikawa T. Oikawa S. Inoue J. Fukuyama 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2003,5(1):0069-0076
A method of determining the chlorine (Cl) and sulfur (S) in municipal solid waste (MSW) was studied. The quartz furnace method
was improved in two ways: recovery from ash by hot extraction with dilute nitric acid, and avoidance of the volatilization
of alkali (earth) metal chlorides by setting the sample combustion temperature at 600°C. In a comparison with the bomb method,
using nine sets of kitchen garbage and waste plastics, the bomb method yielded a 15%–25% lower value than the improved quartz
furnace method. Combustion in the bomb was frequently incomplete, resulting in recovery losses of Cl and S. The average kitchen
garbage involved 5.2 mg Cl/g, of which at least 24.1% would be converted to HCl. Plastics contained 23 mg Cl/g generating
88.1% HCl on average. In the same way, kitchen garbage contained 3.0 mg S/g, generating 52.3% SO
x
, whereas plastics contained 1.1 mg S/g with 55.1% SO
x
formation.
Received: March 20, 2002 / Accepted: October 13, 2002 相似文献
4.
Hirotoshi Kawabata Bokka Yabunaka Masayuki Tanabe Tateo Usui Katsukiyo Marukawa Shigeta Hara Toshihiro Tanaka 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):80-89
A simple, low-cost method for suppression of dioxins/furans (hereinafter referred to as dioxins) is required because many
middle- and, especially, small-scale incinerators have fallen into disuse or have been dismantled because of the high running
and system costs of measures for the suppression of dioxins. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to develop a
simple removal method for dioxins from combustion gas and to evaluate the basic removal rate of dioxins. The removal method
for suspended matter in a gas mixture (cold model) and dioxins in exhaust gases (hot model) has been investigated by means
of gas injection into water, the mechanism of which is that the suspended matter in the gas gathers at the gas–liquid interface.
In the cold model, the removal ratio of fine particles (RP) by gas injection into water was reproduced well by the following equation: RP (%) = 100 × {1−exp(−0.8 · SS · tC)}, where SS (cm2/cm3) is the specific surface area of bubbles and tC (s) is the residence time of bubbles in water. The removal ratio of fine particles increased as the product Ss · tC increased. In a hot model using the exhaust gas from combustion experiments of polyvinyl chloride, the removal ratio of dioxins
(RD) by injecting the exhaust gas into water was estimated by the following equation: RD (%) = 100 × {1−exp(−0.8 · SS · tC · CD0
0.07)}, where CD0 [ng/cm3 (at standard temperature and pressure)] is the dioxins concentration in the exhaust gas before injection into water. RD depends greatly on the specific surface area of bubbles and the residence time of the bubbles in water, and only weakly on
the dioxins concentration in the exhaust gas. Injection of the exhaust gas into water has been shown to be effective and was
evaluated as a simple method for the removal of dioxins from exhaust gas. 相似文献
5.
Waste plastics recycling by an entrained-flow gasifier 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Takatoshi Shoji Kenjiro Shindoh Hironori Ozaki Atsushi Sodeyama 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(2):75-81
We studied an entrained-flow gasification process which efficiently converts waste plastics to energy at a high energy recovery
rate. Waste plastics, after being shredded to <8 mm or <14 mm, were fed into an entrained-flow gasifier with air and oxygen.
In the gasifier, organic substances were pyrolyzed, partially combusted, and then converted into synthetic gas (CO, H2) at a high temperature (over 1600 K). The clarified gasification characteristics were that the lower heat value (LHV) of
the product gas was over 4.2 MJ/Nm3 and the cold gas efficiency was approximately 60%. Other inert substances in the wastes such as ashes and metals were melted
into slag and condensed on bag filters. The bag filters and a water scrubber removed impurities such as dusts, heavy metals,
and hydrogen halides from the product gases. Solid hydrocarbons, which include char and soot, were removed at a hot cyclone
and on the bag filters.
Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: October 3, 2000 相似文献
6.
Kazuki Morita Muxing Guo Norio Oka Nobuo Sano 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2002,4(2):93-101
This research focused on the treatment of steel-making slags to recycle and recover iron and phosphorus. The carbothermal
reduction behavior of both synthesized and factory steel-making slag in microwave irradiation was investigated. The slags
were mixed with graphite powder and heated to a temperature higher than 1873 K to precipitate a lump of Fe–C alloy with a
diameter of 2–8 mm. The larger the carbon equivalent (Ceq, defined in the text), the higher the fractional reduction of iron and phosphorus. An increase in the SiO2 content of slag led to a considerable improvement in the reduction for both iron and phosphorus because of the improvement
in the fluidity of the slags and an increase in the activity coefficient of P2O5 in the slags. The extraction behavior of phosphorus from Fe–P–Csatd alloy was also investigated at 1473 K by carbonate flux treatment. For all the experiments with a processing time longer
than 10 min, the phosphorus in the fluxes could be concentrated to more than 9% (w/w) showing that it could be used as a phosphorus
resource. Compared with K2CO3 flux treatment, that using Na2CO3 was more effective for the extraction of phosphorus, and this was attributed to the lower evaporation of Na2CO3. Finally, a recycling scheme for steel-making slag is proposed.
Received: March 16, 2001 / Accepted: November 12, 2001 相似文献
7.
Motoyuki Sugano Akihiro Komatsu Masanori Yamamoto Mika Kumagai Takayuki Shimizu Katsumi Hirano Kiyoshi Mashimo 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(1):27-31
Most landfilled plastic waste is a mixture or is in the form of composites with incombustible wastes such as glass, metals,
and ceramics. After hydrothermal treatment, including a steam-explosion process, the separation of mixed waste (MW) into organic
and inorganic substances becomes easy. However, the effect of hydrothermal pretreatment on the subsequent liquefaction of
organic substances from MW is not obvious. In this study, the effects on the liquefaction of polystyrene and high-density
polyethylene are discussed. Moreover, optimum conditions for the liquefaction of organic substances from hydrothermally treated
MW are identified. By means of this hydrothermal pretreatment, including the steam-explosion process, polystyrene and high-density
polyethylene can be significantly converted to oil by liquefaction at 300°–400°C. In comparison with liquefaction of hydrothermally
pretreated mixed waste (HMW) at 300°–400°C with a batch type reactor, the yield of oil increases significantly on liquefaction
using a semi-batch type reactor. It is considered that the radical chain and termination reactions among the radicals from
HMW were inhibited in the semi-batch type reactor. On liquefaction of HMW in a semi-batch reactor, the conversion of HMW to
oil was enhanced on increasing the liquefaction temperature to 350°C and the holding time to 60 min.
Chemical Feedstock Recycling & Other Innovative Recycling Techniques 6 相似文献
8.
Environmental contamination from electronic waste recycling at Guiyu, southeast China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Anna Leung Zong Wei Cai Ming Hung Wong 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2006,8(1):21-33
The disposal, recycling, and part salvaging of discarded electronic devices such as computers, printers, televisions, and
toys are now creating a new set of waste problems. This study is aimed at identifying the sources and quantifying the pollution
levels generated from electronic waste (e-waste) activities at Guiyu, Guangdong Province, China, and their potential impacts
on the environment and human health. The preliminary results indicate that total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in
soil obtained from a printer roller dump site was 593 μg/kg dry weight (dry wt.) and in sediment from a duck pond, the PAH
concentration was 514 μg/kg (dry wt.). Sediment from the Lianjiang River was found to be contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls
(743 μg/kg) at a level approaching three times the Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines probable effect level of 277 μg/kg.
Total mono- to hepta-brominated diphenyl ether homologue concentrations (1140 and 1169 μg/kg dry wt.) in soils near dumping
sites were approximately 10–60 times those reported for other polybrominated diphenyl ether-contaminated locations in the
world. In-house study on the open burning of cable wires showed extremely high levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans resulting in 12419 ng toxic equivalents (TEQ)/kg of waste input and 15 610 ng TEQ/kg for two separate
tests, respectively, which were about three orders of magnitude higher than those for the open burning of household waste.
High levels of Cu (712, 528, and 496 mg/kg), exceeding the new Dutch list action value, were determined for soil near the
printer roller dumping area, sediment from Lianjiang River, and soil from a plastic burn site, respectively. A more thorough
study is underway to elucidate the extent of contamination of toxic pollutants in different ecological compartments to establish
whether these pollutants are bioaccumulated and biomagnified through food chains. Assessments of human health impacts from
oral intake, inhalation, and dermal contact will be subsequently investigated.
An erratum to this article is available at. 相似文献
9.
Masahiro Shimada Takahiko Iida Kensuke Kawarada Yoshifumi Chiba Toshihiro Mamoto Takayuki Okayama 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2000,2(2):100-108
In an earlier report, we presented a method for preparing activated carbon from waste newspaper as a way to recycle used paper
for a purpose other than producing raw material for paper-making. In this article, we consider the porous structure of the
activated carbon that affects its adsorption properties for various substances. The specific surface area of activated carbon
prepared from waste newspaper was 838 m2/g, the micropore volume was 0.368 ml/g, and the mesopore volume was 0.138 ml/g, which is about the same as commercially available
activated carbon. The activated carbon prepared from waste newspaper usually has a high content of ash, which makes little
contribution to the adsorption properties. In particular, as compared with reagent-activated carbon, the quantities of mesopores
with a pore radius of 3–25 nm and macropores with a pore radius of 25–250 nm were 8 and 14 times larger, respectively. Activated
carbon prepared from waste newspaper has a well-developed porous structure, particularly in the mesopore and macropore ranges.
Received: July 12, 1999 / Accepted: March 8, 2000 相似文献
10.
We investigated the thermal properties and behavior of bromine on the thermal decomposition of paper-based phenolic laminate
wastes containing polybrominated flame retardants. The thermal properties of the phenolic laminate wastes were measured with
a thermogravimeter and a conduction-type scanning calorimeter (TG-CSC). The weight loss of the wastes on thermal decomposition
was mainly in three phases between 40°C and 600°C. The enthalpy (ΔH) of the thermal decomposition was 104 cal/g. The material balance of the decomposition components was measured with batch-type
thermal decomposition equipment. The ratios of carbon residue, liquid, and gas on decomposition at 800°C in a vacuum were
37 wt. %, 48 wt. %, and 15 wt. %, respectively. The bromine contents in the carbon residue and liquid were less than 0.02 wt.
% and 10 wt. %, respectively. These results are useful both in the carbonization process of these wastes and in the application
of carbon residue as carbon materials.
Received: August 11, 2000 / Accepted: March 7, 2001 相似文献
11.
Recycle technology for waste plastics containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been developed in the Hokkaido National Industrial
Research Institute for the production of solid and liquid fuel, and has established a recycling process which includes a dechlorination
process for PVC plastics, and a two-stage catalytic pyrolysis process for plastics using zeolite catalysts. The dechlorination
equipment consists of a two-axis screw extruder with a heating element, which can remove chlorine up to 99.9 wt. % from PVC
containing plastics as hydrogen chloride. The product had about 44 000 kJ/kg calorific value and was fed into the next oil
production process, although it could also be used as a solid fuel. Natural and synthetic zeolite were used as catalysts for
the two-stage catalytic process, which produced a light oil with a boiling point which was between those of kerosene and gasoline.
The yield of this oil reached 82 wt. %. The chemical type was analyzed using liquid chromatography, and was found to have
many aromatic compounds. These technologies make it possible to produce a nonpolluting, high-calorie solid fuel and a liquid
fuel very efficiently.
Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: September 21, 2000 相似文献
12.
Yukio Noma Sayuri Yamane Akiko Kida 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(2):126-134
Adsorbable organic halides (AOX) and AOX formation potential (AOXFP) were investigated in 46 landfill lea-chates as potentially
toxic parameters. AOX in landfill leachate was within the range <10–2200 μg Cl/l, and AOXFP was within 51–15 000 μg Cl/l.
AOX and AOXFP correlated with chemical oxygen demand (COD). AOX discharge from closed landfills was generally lower than that
from operating landfills. The molar ratio of AOXFP/total organic carbon (TOC) suggested that organic compounds in a leachate
have a double bond every 15–190 carbons under the supposition that one chlorine would add to one double bond. The five landfills
discharging high-level AOXFP (>4000 μg Cl/l) were all landfills where sludge had been dumped. The removal efficiencies of
three parameters through leachate treatment processes were as follows: polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins/dibenzo-furans (PCDDs/DFs)
> TOC > AOX. PCDDs/DFs were substantially removed at p.p.t. levels, while AOX was hardly removed at relatively low levels.
Received: February 14, 2000 / Accepted: January 9, 2001 相似文献
13.
Trygve Hesthagen Bjørn Walseng Leif Roger Karlsen Roy M. Langåker 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):339-345
We studied the effects of liming on fish and crustaceans in a watershed which is in a region known to have one of the highest
diversity of aquatic biota in Norway. This watershed, Enningdal, is shared between Norway (1/3) and Sweden (2/3) and includes
61 lakes > 1.0 ha in Norway. Liming started on a large scale in the 1980s. Currently, a total of 26 of lakes (43%) are limed,
covering 93% of the total lake area. The mean value ± S.D. of pH and the concentration of inorganic labile Al in these lakes
is 6.62 ± 0.35 and 3 ± 4 μg l−1, respectively. Historical data of fish communities have been obtained from surveys, while test-fishing and sampling of crustaceans
were conducted in 24 lakes in recent years (2002–2004). The present study shows that crustaceans to a greater extent than
fish has responded to improved water quality after more than 20 years of liming. Of a total of 120 fish populations, 42 (35%)
have gone extinct. Only five of the lost fish populations (12%) have been re-established, all due to human re-introductions.
Physical barriers are considered to be the main factor preventing fish from invading limed lakes. In contrast, crustaceans
have been re-established in most limed lakes. This may be mainly due to their good spreading capacity. However, they might
also have survived in refuges within the watershed, or as resting-eggs in the sediment. 相似文献
14.
Masahiro Shimada Takahiko Iida Kensuke Kawarada Takayuki Okayama Masami Fushitani 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(2):135-143
We have already reported the adsorptivity and pore structure of activated carbon made from waste newspaper in order to use
the waste paper for purposes other than paper-making stock. However, manufacturing the activated carbon may not necessarily
be an advantageous method based on environmental concerns and the effective use of the resource because the reaction during
the activating process is endothermic and the amount of carbon consumed is significant. Here, we examine the pore structure
and adsorption properties of waste newspaper used as an adsorbent in the form of a carbonized material. Waste newspaper was
carbonized for 2 h in the temperature range 400°–1000°C. The specific surface area of the carbonized material obtained, 418 m2/g, was highest for the sample carbonized at 800°C, which was equal to or greater than that of commercially available charcoal.
Moreover, the iodine adsorption number of 581 mg/g was the highest and the rate of adsorption was the fastest for the sample
carbonized at 800°C. However, the humidity control capability was highest for the material carbonized at 600°–700°C. It has
been determined that it is advantageous to carbonize waste paper at 800°C in order to use the carbonized material as an adsorbent,
while carbonization at 600°–700°C is more advantageous for use as a humidity control material.
Received: June 23, 2000 / Accepted: January 17, 2001 相似文献
15.
Yasunori Kawagoshi Isao Fukunaga Hisao Itoh 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》1999,1(1):53-61
Organophosphoric acid triester (OPE) concentration levels in water and bottom sediment at the Osaka North Port Sea-Based Solid
Waste Disposal Site were investigated, and the behavior of OPEs in the water environment of the waste disposal site was examined.
The more highly water-soluble OPEs were frequently detected in raw water. Of the OPEs detected, TCEP and TCPP showed very
high concentrations (1.0–90 μg/l), followed by TEP (0.3–10 μg/l) > TBXP (0.8–6.3 μg/l) > TDCPP (0.6–6.2 μg/l) > TBP (0.2–1.5 μg/l)
> TPP (<0.1 μg/l). Most OPEs detected in water were eluted from the disposal waste to the water phase immediately and behaved
as dissolved forms with no distribution in suspended solids (SS). On the other hand, the less water-soluble OPEs, such as
TCP or TEHP, were detected in bottom sediment but hardly at all in water samples. All OPEs were detected at the waste disposal
site, within which their concentration levels were uniform. It appeared that the less water-soluble OPEs were present as SS-associated
forms and behaved in line with the floating surface sludge at the bottom.
Received: July 6, 1998 / Accepted: February 25, 1999 相似文献
16.
Naoto Mihara Dalibor Kuchar Yoshihiro Kojima Hitoki Matsuda 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):21-26
From the point of view of a sustainable and environment-friendly society based on the recycling of material resources, it
is preferable to utilize waste gypsum as a substitute for lime, which is currently produced by the calcination of limestone.
In the present work, the reductive decomposition of CaSO4 was investigated under an atmosphere of CO: 2 vol%, CO2: 30 vol%, with N2 as a carrier gas without and with the addition of SiO2, Al2O3, or Fe2O3. It was found that the decomposition temperature of CaSO4 was significantly reduced from 1673 K to 1223 K when only 5 wt% Fe2O3 was added to CaSO4. In the case of the addition of SiO2 or Al2O3 to CaSO4, the decomposition temperature was reduced from 1673 K to 1623 K. This was due to the formation of composite oxides (calcium
ferrite, calcium silicate, or calcium aluminate) during the reaction of CaSO4 with the additives at a lower temperature. In addition, the formation of unfavorable product CaS was inhibited in the presence
of 5 wt% Fe2O3, and this inhibition effect further increased as the addition of Fe2O3 was increased. In contrast, no significant effect on the inhibition of CaS formation was observed on the addition of SiO2 or Al2O3. 相似文献
17.
Pierre Sicard Patrice Coddeville Stéphane Sauvage Jean-Claude Galloo 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):49-58
The long-term monitoring of precipitation and its chemical composition are important for identifying trends in rain quality
and for assessing the effectiveness of pollution control strategies. A statistical test has been used to the atmospheric concentrations
measured in the French rural monitoring network (MERA) in order to bring out spatio-temporal trends in precipitation quality
in France over the period 1990–2003. The non-parametric Mann–Kendall test which has been developed for detecting and estimating
monotonic trends in the time series was used and applied in our study at annual values of wet-only precipitation concentrations.
The emission data suggest that SO2 and NO
x
emissions decreased (−3.3 and −2.0% year−1, respectively) contrary to NH3 emissions that increased slightly (+0.2% year−1) over the period 1990–2002 in France. On the national scale, the pH values have a significant decreasing trend of −0.025 ± 0.02
unit pH year−1. and concentrations in precipitation have a significant decreasing trend, −3.0 ± 1.6 and −3.3 ± 0.6% year−1, respectively, corresponding with the downward trends in SO2 emissions in France (−3.3% year−1). A good correlation (R
2 = 0.84) between SO2 emissions and concentrations was obtained. The decreasing trend of was more significant (−5.4 ± 5.2% year−1) than that of (−1.3 ± 2.4% year−1). Globally, the concentration of the major ions showed a clear downward trend including marine and alkaline ions. In addition,
the relative contribution of HNO3 to acidity precipitation increased by 51% over the studied period. 相似文献
18.
PM<Subscript>10</Subscript> and Ultrafine Particles Counts In-Vehicle and On-Road in the Athens Area
E. Diapouli G. Grivas A. Chaloulakou N. Spyrellis 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2008,8(1):89-97
This work presents the first results of a study concerning on-road and in-vehicle exposure to particulate matter in the area
of Athens. PM10 concentration measurements were conducted by TSI DustTrak, while driving along routes with different characteristics of traffic
density, during September 2003–March 2004. Concurrent measurements of the ultrafine particles (UFPs) number concentration
were also conducted, by condensation particle counter during part of the days. Pedestrian exposure to PM10 and UFPs was also studied through stationary measurements on the kerbside of selected roads on November 2003 and February
2004. A major avenue, a heavy-trafficked road across a children hospital and two central roads, one in a residential and one
in a commercial area were selected for measurement. The results indicate that every day commuters are exposed to significant
concentration levels. Higher exposures were observed in heavy-trafficked areas and during rush hours. Mean PM10 in-vehicle and on-road concentrations ranged from 30–320 μg/m3 and 70–285 μg/m3, respectively. The ultrafine particles number concentrations were in the range of 5.0 × 104–17.3 × 104 particles/cm3 in-vehicle and 3.1 × 104–7.3 × 104 particles/cm3 on the kerbside of a central residential road. Both PM10 and UFPs concentrations presented repeated short-term peak exposures. The results clearly point out the importance of the
road microenvironment (in-vehicle and on kerbside) for population exposure in urban areas. 相似文献
19.
Ulf Sikström 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):137-142
Liming and/or application of specific nutrients have been proposed as countermeasures to the acidification of forest soils
in southern Sweden. In this study the stem growth of Picea abies (L.) Karst. growing on acidic mineral soils in SW Sweden was investigated 10 years after additions of lime (Ca; 3000 kg lime
ha−1), lime plus P (25 kg ha−1) and K (80 kg ha−1), or N in low doses (2 × 10 kg ha−1 yr−1) (treatments: CaPK, Ca, N, CaPKN, and 2Ca2P2K, respectively). Compared with the control, stem growth was increased following
all treatments involving lime additions, including liming alone. The PK addition did not seem to affect growth. The most plausible
cause of the observed growth increases was that the lime additions indirectly increased the supply of plant-available N. The
annual low-dose N addition did not significantly affect growth. This suggests that air-borne deposition of N, which supplies
very small doses of N throughout the year, has a minor or even negligible influence on P. abies growth. 相似文献
20.
Zhe Liu Hao Wei Jie Bai Jing Zhang Dongyan Liu Sumei Liu 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(6):607-623
A 3-D biological model was developed and coupled to a hydrodynamic model, i.e., Princeton Ocean Model, to simulate the seasonal
variation and budget of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphate, and silicate in Jiaozhou Bay. The modeled nutrients distribution
pattern is consistent with observation. Silicate, the most important limiting element for phytoplankton growth, is characterized
by consumption in spring, increase in summer and autumn, and accumulation in winter, whereas dissolved inorganic nitrogen
and phosphorous have increasing trend with low rates in spring, due to excessive river loads. Phytoplankton plays an important
role in nutrient renewal by photosynthesis and respiration processes. During an annual cycle, 7.83 × 103 t N, 0.28 × 103 t P, and 3.93 × 103 t Si are transported to the bay’s outer sea, i.e., the Yellow Sea, suggesting that Jiaozhou Bay is a significant source of
nutrients for the Yellow Sea. The spatial distribution of nutrients is characterized by vertically homogeneous profiles, with
high concentration inside the bay and low concentration toward the bay channel. These features are mainly governed by strong
turbulent mixing, fluvial influx, water exchange rate, and Yellow Sea water intrusion. Numerical experiments suggest that
the government should pay enough attention to proper layout of sewage drainage. 相似文献