共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
采用气液混合放电降解水溶液中的阿特拉津,考察了放电输出功率、溶液pH值和Fe2 浓度对阿特拉津降解的影响,并初步探讨了其降解动力学.结果表明,提高放电输出功率、降低溶液pH值均能提高阿特拉津的降解率.相同实验条件下,添加Fe2 显著提高了阿特拉津的降解率,在Fe2 添加量分别为0.2,0.6,2.0 mmol·1-1时,随着Fe2 浓度的升高阿特拉津的降解率也不断提高.阿特拉津在气液混合放电反应器中的降解符合一级反应动力学.阿特拉津降解过程中的中间产物主要通过以下4种途径产生:脱烷基作用、烷基氧化作用、脱氯羟化作用和脱氯羟化-氧化作用. 相似文献
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为了探明种植皇竹草(Pennisetum hydridum)对土壤阿特拉津降解的促进作用,通过盆栽试验研究了皇竹草对土壤阿特拉津的降解动态、转移特征以及土壤阿特拉津残留浓度与土壤相关酶活性的关系。结果表明:与未种植皇竹草相比,种植皇竹草土壤阿特拉津降解率明显提高,皇竹草对未灭菌和灭菌土壤阿特拉津的降解率分别提高52.84和42.38百分点;与未种植皇竹草处理相比,灭菌和未灭菌条件下种植皇竹草处理阿特拉津在土壤中的半衰期可分别缩短64.35和53.21 d;土壤中阿特拉津被皇竹草吸收后逐步由地下部分向地上部分转移,随着培养时间的延长,转移系数变大;土壤中阿特拉津残留浓度与土壤过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、转化酶和多酚氧化酶活性呈显著负相关(P0.05或P0.01)。认为种植皇竹草有助于阿特拉津的降解。 相似文献
3.
阿循拉津在土壤中的降解途径及其对持留性的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过田间和实验室试验,研究了作草剂阿特拉津在土壤中的降解代谢规律及其与土壤特性的关系。试验表明,阿特拉津施用后,在作物生长期内可降解90%以上,土壤酸碱度对阿特拉津在土壤中的代谢有显著影响。在碱性土 阿特拉津主要经过微生物代谢而被降解;在酸性土壤中化学水解占地位。 相似文献
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阿特拉津在土壤中的降解途径及其对持留性的影响 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
通过田间和实验室试验,研究了除草剂阿特拉津在土壤中的降解代谢规律及其与土壤特性的关系。试验表明,阿特拉津施用后、在作物生长期内可降解90%以上,土壤酸碱度对阿特拉津在土壤中的代谢有显著影响。在碱性土壤中阿特拉津主要经过微生物代谢而被降解;在酸性土壤中化学水解占优势地位。阿特拉津在强酸性土壤中的持留性(半衰期为63d)低于弱酸性土壤中的持留性(半衰期为84d),而在碱性土壤中由于较强的微生物降解作用,其持留性(半衰期为51d)最低。 相似文献
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采用批量实验研究阿特拉津在3种多壁碳纳米管(MWNT、MWNT-COOH、MWNT-OH)上的吸附解吸行为,并对吸附态阿特拉津生物可利用性进行研究.研究结果表明,3种碳管对阿特拉津的吸附能力依次为:MWNT-COOH>MWNT-OH>MWNT,比表面积是决定吸附的主要因素,含氧官能团也是影响吸附的重要因素之一.阿特拉津可从3种碳管上完全解吸,无解吸滞后现象.体系中99.5%以上的阿特拉津能够被微生物(高效降解菌AD2)利用,但也存在微量残余且阿特拉津在MWNT上的微量残留最大,这与其孔隙吸附机制有关.碳管的存在影响微生物对阿特拉津的脱氯降解,脱氯产物仅达到54.26%—82.49%;具有高含量含氧官能团的MWNT-OH影响尤为显著,可能机制是碳管对微生物降解性能及中间产物的影响使得降解彻底性降低. 相似文献
8.
将分类地位和降解特性不同的两个高效降解除草剂阿特拉津的菌株Arthrobacter sp.AD30和Pseudo-monas sp.AD39,用于阿特拉津工业废水的生物处理和污染土壤的生物修复试验.填充聚氨酯泡沫的小型生物反应器阿特拉津降解实验表明,在进水的CODCr为1702 mg·1-1、阿特拉津浓度为133 mg·1-1和水力停留时间(HRT)为24 h的条件下,出水的CODCr稳定在100 mg·1-1以下,阿特拉津浓度在0.2 mg·1-1以下,均达到国家工业水污染物排放标准(GB 21523-2008).土壤的生物修复实验表明,含有200 mg·kg-1阿特拉津的土壤接种上述两个菌株,在30℃处理20 d以后,土壤中99.1%的阿特拉津被去除.这些结果表明,由AD30和AD39组成的混合菌株在工业废水的生物处理和污染土壤的生物修复中具有很好的应用潜力. 相似文献
9.
通过盆栽试验探讨了种植皇竹草(Pennisetum hydridum)对阿特拉津污染土壤的修复效果,阿特拉津对皇竹草生长的影响,以及皇竹草对土壤微生物数量的影响,以期为阿特拉津污染土壤的植物修复提供参考。结果表明:在≤200 mg.kg-1质量分数范围以内,种植皇竹草对土壤阿特拉津的初期降解效率比对照明显提高,最大提高了29.64%,达到显著或极显著差异;阿特拉津质量分数在≤200 mg.kg-1范围内对皇竹草株高没有影响,≤50 mg.kg-1质量分数范围内对生物量没有影响,根冠比变化不明显;随阿特拉津质量分数的增加皇竹草根际和非根际土壤中的细菌、真菌、放线菌数量均呈先增加后减少的趋势,在质量分数为100 mg.kg-1时达到最大,根际土壤中细菌和放线菌数量明显高于非根际土壤,真菌数量在根际与非根际土壤中变化不明显。说明种植皇竹草有助于阿特拉津降解效率的提高,且与种植皇竹草后改变了土壤微生物数量及皇竹草的生长状况有关。 相似文献
10.
阿特拉津降解菌的生长规律及降解特征的实验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用了从农药厂阿特拉津生产车间污泥中分离出的菌种AT菌,进行了菌种生长曲线的测定,求得AT菌的对数期代时为3.87d,生长速率为0.258d^-1;不同基质浓度的降解实验表明,在农药污染质阿特拉津的低浓度体系中,AT菌降解阿特拉津的反应符合一级动力学模式,属于米氏方程曲线的第一阶段的情形,并拟合出关系式V=0.064S。 相似文献
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Extractable atrazine and its metabolites (hydroxyatrazine, deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine) were evaluated in agricultural
soils from the temperate humid zone (Galicia, NW Spain) under laboratory conditions. The experiment was performed with five
soils with different properties (organic C, soil texture and atrazine application history), both unamended and treated with
atrazine at field application rate. Measurements of the atrazine compounds were made at different time intervals (1, 3, 6,
9 and 12 weeks) during a 3-month incubation period. Results showed that only hydroxyatrazine was detected in the extractable
fraction of the unamended soils, with values remaining relatively constant throughout the incubation period. Atrazine addition
notably increased the concentration of the parent compound and its degradation products; deisopropylatrazine and hydroxyatrazine
were the main metabolites detected in the extractable fraction of the treated soils, whereas deethylatrazine was not detected.
After 7 days incubation, values of total extractable residues, expressed as percentage of initially added atrazine, ranged
from 75 to 86% (25–68% of atrazine, 7–11% of hydroxyatrazine and 9–57% of deisopropylatrazine). The values decreased rapidly
during the first 3 weeks of incubation, showing values of 2–8% in soils with higher atrazine application and from 28 to 30%
in soils with lower application history. At the end of the incubation, 2–8% of total extractable residues were still detected
(0–4% of atrazine, 2–3% of hydroxyatrazine and 0–2% of deisopropylatrazine), indicating a residual effect of atrazine addition.
These variations in the extractable fraction indicated that most added atrazine was rapidly degraded, especially in soils
with higher application history. 相似文献
12.
O. V. Koroleva E. V. Stepanova E. O. Landesman L. G. Vasilchenko V. V. Khromonygina A. V. Zherdev 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3-4):175-188
The interaction between atrazine, a triazine herbicide, and a series of decay fungi was characterized in terms of biodegradation of the herbicide and its influence on fungal growth. The following fungi were studied: thermophilic cellulolytic (Penicillium sp. 13) and noncellulolytic (Humicola lanuginosa sp. 5 and 12) strains isolated from self‐heated plant composts, mesophilic diphenol oxidase producing strain Mycelia sterilia INBI 2–26, white‐rot fungi Cerrena maxima, Coriolopsis fulvocinerea and Coriolus hirsutus. Competitive enzyme immunoassay was elaborated for detection of atrazine in cultural liquid. During agar plate cultivation the growth of Humicola sp. 5 was promoted by atrazine whereas the growth of Humicola sp. 12 and Penicillium sp. 13 was suppressed whereas M. sterilia INBI 2–26 was not affected by the herbicide. Neither atrazine‐accelerated nor atrazine‐depressed thermophilic strains decomposed atrazine during 21‐day cultivation according to ELISA data. In contrast, white‐rot fungi Coriolus hirsutus, Coriolopsis fuhocinerea and Cerrena maxima degraded nearly 50% of the herbicide in 5‐day submerged cultivation and 80–92% of the herbicide up to the 40th day. The soil strain M. sterilia INBI 2–26 decomposed 70% of atrazine in 17‐day cultivation. The degradation level depended of the time of atrazine introduction to the growing media. The relationships between the degree of atrazine decomposition and laccase and Mn‐peroxidase production were shown. 相似文献
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Jinhua Wang Lusheng Zhu Aiju Liu Tingting Ma Qi Wang Hui Xie Jun Wang Ting Jiang Rusong Zhao 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(3):259-266
A bacterial strain (HB-5) capable of utilizing atrazine as sole carbon and nitrogen source for growth was isolated from an
industrial wastewater sample by enrichment culture. The isolate was identified as Arthrobacter sp. according to its phenotypic features, physiologic and biochemical characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis. The strain
exhibited faster atrazine degradation rates in atrazine-containing mineral media than the well-characterized atrazine-degrading
bacteria Pseudomonas sp. ADP. The broad optimum pH and temperature ranges observed for strain HB-5 indicate that it has potential for remediation
of atrazine-contaminated sites. Strain HB-5 first metabolizes atrazine to yield hydroxyatrazine. Then, the bacterium metabolizes
hydroxyatrazine to cyanuric acid, but could not mineralize atrazine. 相似文献
15.
狼尾草根系对阿特拉津长期胁迫的氧化应激响应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过盆栽实验研究了抗性植物狼尾草根部丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)、抗坏血酸(As A)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)等氧化应激生理指标对不同浓度阿特拉津长期(48 d)胁迫的响应规律。结果表明:当阿特拉津胁迫浓度分别高于20 mg·kg~(-1)和50 mg·kg~(-1)时,狼尾草根系的MDA与Pro含量较对照组显著升高(P0.05);随着阿特拉津胁迫浓度的增加,狼尾草根部SOD和GR活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,其中当阿特拉津胁迫浓度为20 mg·kg~(-1)时,SOD和GR活性达到最大值;供试植物根系中As A含量与阿特拉津胁迫浓度呈正相关。综上,中低浓度(≤20 mg·kg~(-1))阿特拉津处理没有对狼尾草的根系产生明显的氧化胁迫效应,狼尾草根系的上述抗氧化应激生理指标对于发挥阿特拉津抗性起着重要的作用。 相似文献
16.
Chao QIN Shaogui YANG Cheng SUN Jia ZHOU Manjun ZHAN Rongjun WANG Huanxing CAI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2010,4(3):321
A solution of atrazine in a TiO2 suspension, an endocrine disruptor in natural water, was tentatively treated by microwave-assisted photocatalytic technique. The effects of mannitol, oxygen, humic acid, and hydrogen dioxide on the photodegradation rate were explored. The results could be deduced as follows: the photocatalytic degradation of atrazine fits the pseudo-first-order kinetic well with k = 0.0328 s−1, and ·OH was identified as the dominant reactant. Photodegradation of atrazine was hindered in the presence of humic acid, and the retardation effect increased as the concentration of humic acid increased. H2O2 displayed a significant negative influence on atrazine photocatalysis efficiency. Based on intermediates identified with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques, the main degradation routes of atrazine are proposed. 相似文献
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Alan D. Tappin J. Paul Loughnane Alan J. McCarthy Mark F. Fitzsimons 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(1):89-96
We report the first data for atrazine removal in low-turbidity freshwaters. Atrazine is a globally applied herbicide, contamination
by which may lead to direct and indirect ecotoxicological impacts. Although a common contaminant of surface waters, microbial
biodegradation of atrazine in this environment has been little studied, with most work focused on soils by means of selected,
atrazine-degrading bacteria-enriched cultures. Here, we measured atrazine removal from river water using a batch incubation
system designed to represent environmental conditions, with water from two contrasting UK rivers, the Tamar and Mersey. Atrazine
and bacterial inocula prepared from the source water were added to cleaned river water for 21-day incubations that were analysed
directly by electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry. The experimental approach was validated using peptides of different
molecular mass. Results show that atrazine concentrations decreased by 11% over 21 days in Tamar samples, a rural catchment
with low population density, when atrazine was the only substrate added. In contrast no removal was evident in Mersey samples,
an urban catchment with high population density. When a tripeptide was added as a co-substrate, atrazine removal in the Tamar
water remained at 11% while that for the Mersey water increased from 0 to 37%. Although degradation of atrazine in aerobic
freshwaters is predicted according to its chemical structure, our data suggest that the composition of the bacterial population
determines whether removal occurs under these conditions and at these environmentally realistic concentrations. 相似文献
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运用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术在分子生物学水平上评价了低浓度阿特拉津长期暴露对鲫鱼DNA的影响.结果表明:0.006mg·L-1以上浓度(试验浓度系列为0.006、0.023、0.094、0.375、1.5、3mg·L-1)的阿特拉津持续暴露60d均会对鲫鱼的DNA产生影响;经筛选,确定有34条引物能够扩增出鲫鱼基因组DNA,其中有8条引物能检测出阿特拉津对鲫鱼基因组DNA影响的差异:各浓度组鲫鱼DNA的RAPD扩增产物条带均出现不同程度缺失;在较低浓度长期暴露下阿特拉津对鲫鱼基因组DNA的损伤无明显的剂量-效应关系,阿特拉津毒性在0.375mg·L-1时突然增强,但这一趋势并未向更高浓度组延续(1.5mg·L-1组表现出的毒性弱于0.375mg·L-1组和3mg·L-1组). 相似文献
19.
除草剂西玛津对非洲爪蟾生存和性腺发育的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
为了研究三嗪类除草剂西玛津对两栖动物非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)生存和性腺发育的毒性作用,并且与另一种三嗪类除草剂阿特拉津的毒性进行比较,将非洲爪蟾从46/47阶段开始暴露西玛津和阿特拉津到变态1个月后停止,再饲养2个月后将其解剖,取性腺做形态学和组织学观察.暴露期间,每天记录蝌蚪的生长发育情况和存活率.结果显示,在暴露的第1周内(蝌蚪处于46~50阶段),西玛津可导致蝌蚪死亡率明显升高,随后的时间内西玛津对非洲爪蟾的生存不再有明显影响,但却使发育阶段明显的不整齐.阿特拉津对非洲爪蟾的生存和发育则没有明显影响.西玛津和阿特拉津对非洲爪蟾性腺的总体形态和性别比没有明显影响,然而两种除草剂均在一定程度上导致了睾丸组织学的改变.西玛津可能与阿特拉津一样能够通过雌性化/去雄性化作用影响非洲爪蟾睾丸的发育. 相似文献