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《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2012,55(2):245-266
Formulating efficient waste management policy requires data on market conditions. Data on household waste management behaviour in Ireland is scarce, and policy making could benefit from improved data and market analysis. In this paper we estimate models of household waste management behaviour in Ireland using econometrics and simple comparison of average effects, but we find that some important parameters cannot be obtained robustly using existing aggregate data. Drawing upon international literature in order to complete our assumptions, we apply a simulation model to illustrate the likely effects of some current policy options. We show that increases in the landfill levy are likely to have little effect on household behaviour if pay-by-use tariffs are not fully implemented, and we find that while introducing additional bins for segregated compostable waste may divert significant quantities of such waste, they are more effective in cities than in rural areas. We also highlight key shortcomings of the available data. 相似文献
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《环境质量管理》2018,27(4):107-113
A study was conducted at the Jaipur railway station in Jaipur, India, to give the perspectives of the actual waste management practices there. Required information was collected from the stakeholders by means of semi‐structured questionnaires, individual and group interviews, and recorded, official data regarding waste generation, collection, transportation, and disposal. Further quantitative and compositional analyses were performed by means of surveys and measurements. Field visits were made for collection of waste samples for quantification and for the study of its management. The field data were compiled and analyzed by sorting the waste into different components. It was found that 1.8 tons of solid waste is collected per day, and a considerable percentage of it comprises paper, plastic, and glass. Excluding the inerts, which are irrelevant from the point of view of energy saving and recovery potential, the average moisture content was found to be 3.38%. From the perspective of life cycle analysis, the option of composting or recycling would give savings of 28.33 gigajoules (GJ) per day over landfilling, while combustion would give savings of 2.97 GJ per day in comparison to landfilling. Analysis based on a compositional model gives a heat value of 8,157.87 kilojoules per kilogram, which amounts to 14.68 GJ of energy per day. 相似文献
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城市生活垃圾焚烧发电的现状及发展对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分析了城市生活垃圾焚烧处理的国内外现状和意义,针对近年来新建和在建的垃圾焚烧发电项目或多或少面临的被抵制局面,提出了对策。 相似文献
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Municipal solid waste management in Accra, Ghana, is at present delivered in an unsustainable manner. Due to uncontrolled urbanisation, large quantities of waste are generated daily in Accra, and this exerts much pressure on an over strained solid waste management system. Coupled with weak institutional capacity, and lack of resources, both human and capital, the city authorities face difficulties in ensuring that all the waste generated in the city is collected for disposal. Home collection of waste is limited to high and, some middle income areas while the poor are left to contend with the problem on their own. This leads to indiscriminate disposal of waste in surface drains, canals and streams, creating unsanitary, and unsightly environments in many parts of the city. 相似文献
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马芮 《环境保护与循环经济》2021,41(2):15-17
从我国城市生活垃圾的处理现状分析入手,提出强化分类意识、注重源头减量、优化垃圾清运、采取经济激励和运用科技手段等一系列调整性策略来提高城市生活垃圾处理能力,推进城市环境治理现代化. 相似文献
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随着人口的增长和城市化的迅速发展,城市生活垃圾产量逐年递增,成分更加复杂.城市生活垃圾填埋过程中产生的渗滤液和焚烧过程产生的烟气对环境的污染极为严重,一定程度上已经制约了城市的可持续发展.通过分析渗滤液的产生及对环境的污染,提出了分层填埋控制和渗透反应栅格修复技术.对焚烧过程中的污染,通过焚烧前分类处理从源头上减少二次污染,同时对焚烧产生的烟尘和有毒有害物质进行物理化学方法的去除. 相似文献
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M. H. Paller R. C. Heidinger W. M. Lewis 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(1):65-76
ABSTRACT: The fish communities in three sewage receiving Illinois streams were monitored by electrofishing as treatment changed from secondary with chlorination to secondary without chlorination to tertiary without chlorination over a 40-month period. Degradation of the fish communities was severe during the secondary treatment/chlorination period. When treatment was changed to secondary without chlorination, strong improvements occurred in the fish communities of all streams, and degradation could no longer be demonstrated on the basis of species number. The onset of tertiary treatment resulted in few additional changes in the fish communities, with the possible exception of increased abundance of several species of minnows. Tertiary treatment consisted of nitrification, sand filtration, and, in two streams, phosphorus removal. 相似文献
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本文介绍了城市生活垃圾焚烧炉排的机理 ,阐述了垃圾焚烧强度与垃圾焚烧量、垃圾低位发热量及炉排有效面积的关系 ;逆推式炉排使垃圾焚烧距离几乎增加两倍 ,对焚烧中的垃圾起到拨火作用 ,使垃圾更易烧尽。 相似文献
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由于社会和经济因素的要求,当今的建筑生命周期要最大程度地完成圆形的循环过程,即重新使用拆建物料制造新产品。循环经济的大背景下,承建商通过坚实的理论基础,采用分层次的方法来进行建筑废弃物的管理。文中总结了两种方法的优点和缺点,进行了混合回收与源头分离两种方法的比较研究。最值得注意的是两个不同的意向方案:绿色星球计划和ICC-ESSAVETM方案。突出的可持续认证和设计方案及绿色星球计划侧重的能源效率模型时常被繁重调试系统的LEED所青睐。一旦被国际编码理事会所批准,这些文件可以在LEED的评分系统下或绿色星球计划中,帮助其寻找资格评分。文章最后分析了建筑废弃物的回收流程,并得出结论:高达95%的建筑和拆迁建筑废弃物都可以回收;回收相比垃圾填埋更节省资金;源头分离较混合回收需要更多的管理和劳动力,但能获得更大的经济利益;承建商应该组织和管理现场的回收工作。 相似文献
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以江苏铜山区3个行政村生活垃圾为对象,设计了厌氧垃圾生物反应器,研究了农村生活垃圾在反应器中的变化情况。研究表明:潘塘村和姜楼村生活垃圾中含有大量的水分和蛋白质,促进了厌氧微生物的生长繁殖和甲烷产气发生,使渗滤液p H值迅速上升,30周pH达到最高点8.24和8.33。初期反应器中BOD浓度,3个行政村都呈上升趋势,16周左右达到最大值,30周后赵店村、潘塘村、姜楼村3个行政村渗滤液中BOD浓度分别下降到26 101 mg/L、16 121 mg/L、20 105 mg/L。 相似文献
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Natalie W.M. Wong 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(10):1726-1740
Waste management has been a problem for Taiwanese society over the past two decades due to rapid economic growth and urbanisation. The building of incinerators, however, has stimulated controversies and social discontent over the impacts of incineration on both environmental and human health. In Beitou, a district in the capital city of Taiwan, not-in-my-backyard activism was launched against the building of an incinerator, but the community later promoted the idea of a ‘zero-waste city’ and played a role in the decision by Taipei's government. Using in-depth qualitative interview methods to interview local community actors, and green society members to understand the dynamics between actors, this research discusses these changes and employs the participatory governance approach to networks among residents of the local community and other actors. This paper also concludes that there has been a power shift in state–citizen relationships at the local level, deepening and consolidating democratic politics in Taiwan. 相似文献
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Mehdi Gholamalifard Jason Phillips Mahdi Jalili Ghazizade 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(5):792-820
It can be difficult for assessors and decision-makers to compare different options for a project, and thus come to a reasoned and objective decision concerning the impacts and its sustainability at the local level. Therefore, using integrated assessment becomes crucially important for evaluating proposed different options. In this paper, we apply the Rapid Integrated Sustainability Assessment Method (RISAM) to evaluate the proposed unmitigated options for a municipal waste disposal site in Tehran, Iran. The results obtained showed that all of the alternative unmitigated options to the current method of open dumping were indicated as being consistent with very weak sustainability. The RISAM method demonstrated offers potential considerable benefits with respect to improved efficiency, reduced need for resources, and improved consistency and transparency in evaluation and reporting. 相似文献
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文章在介绍我国化学工业排放三废的严峻现状后,阐述了通过工艺改造和综合回收途径来推进三废资源化的技术对策,以及从宏观和微观上看深化三废资源化的意义和光明前景。 相似文献
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谢赛珍 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2001,(2)
本文综述了我国城市生活垃圾的常规处理方法,根据垃圾处理的无害化、减量化、资源化原则,分析了在垃圾处理过程中存在的主要问题,并论述了垃圾处理的发展趋势。 相似文献