BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Individual Onsite Wastewater Systems, edited by Nina I. McClelland.
Manual of Remote Sensing, Volumes I and 11, edited by Robert G. Reeves.
Recovery and Restoration of Damaged Ecosystems, John Cairns, Jr., K. L. Dickson, and E. E. Herricks, Editors.
Biological Monitoring of Water and Effluent Quality, a Symposium sponsored by ASTM Committee D-19. Blacksburg, Virginia. November 2 4, 1975. John Cairns, K. L. Dirkson, and G. F. Westlake, Editors.
Bering Strait: The Regional Physical Oceanography, by L. K. Coachman, K. Aagaard, and R. B. Tripp.     

Discussion1-“Stream Temperature Relationships to Forest Harvest in Western Washington” by Michael M. Pollock,Timothy J. Beechie,Martin Liermann,and Richard E. Bigley2

Ice, George G., George W. Brown, John A. Gravelle, C. Rhett Jackson, Jeffrey T. Light, Timothy E. Link, Douglas J. Martin, Dale J. McGreer, and Arne E. Skaugset, 2010. Discussion –“Stream Temperature Relationships to Forest Harvest in Western Washington” by Michael M. Pollock, Timothy J. Beechie, Martin Liermann, and Richard E. Bigley. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(4): 838-842. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00441.x     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
C. Kirchner, E. Schanze, F.G. v. Schlabrendorff, A. Stockmayer, T.W. Wälde, M. Fritzsche, R. Patzina. English version by William J. Mahoney, Mining Ventures in Developing Countries – Volume 1: Interests, Bargaining Process, Legal Concepts.
Judith T. Kildow (ed.), Deepsea Mining
Bryan Cooper (ed.), OPEC Oil Report
Lester R. Brown, Christopher Flavin and Colin Norman, Running on Empty: The Future of the Automobile in an Oil-Short World     

Rehabilitation of degraded tropical forest lands

Summary The area of tropical forest lands in high rainfall areas that is already degraded is great and growing rapidly. Rehabilitation of such lands is important so their biological productivity can support people and reduce pressures for degradation of additional tropical forest lands. While further knowledge and experience is needed, there is a sufficient basis for trial programs. The economic and social well-being is far better served by focusing on rehabilitation of degraded lands than by additional incursions into dwindling stocks of natural forest.This position paper emanated from a Workshop of the IUCN Commission on Ecology at the Forest Research Institute, Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia, 29–31 August 1983, supported by the United 0ations Environment Programme (UNEP). Its publication was made possible by the Independent Commission on International Humanitarian Issues (ICIHI) in the context of its work on deforestation.The following persons participated: Dr. Th. E. Lovejoy, Convenor, (USA), P. Ashton (USA), G. Baines (Solomon Islands), M. Bijleveld (Switzerland), J. M. Boyd (U.K.), E. F. Brunig (F.R.G.), Chin S. C. (Malaysia), J. Davidson (Australia), S. Davis (U.K.), F. Duhme (F.R.G.), Gong W. K. (Malyasia), M. Hadley (France), L. S. Hamilton (USA), E. Hegerl (Australia), M. Jenkins (U.K.), K. Kartawinata (Indonesia), K. M. Kochumen (Malaysia), Kuang B. C. (China), N. Kwapena (Papua New Guinea), N. Manokaran (Malaysia), Salleh M. N. (Malaysia), N. Sander (F.R.G.), A. Sasekumar (Indonesia), H. Skeat (Australia), W. Smits (Netherlands), Tho Y. P. (Malaysia), Wang M. H. (China), L. Webb (Australia), Wong K. M. (Malaysia), Yap S. K. (Malaysia), Zhu J. F. (China).     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
The Great Lakes Water Wars, Peter Annin.
Water Management in Arid and Semi–Arid Regions, P. Koundouri et al.
Tribal Water Rights: Essays in Contemporary Law, Policy, and Economics, J.E. Thorson, S. Britton, and B.G. Colby (Editors).
The Atlas of Climate Change, K. Dow and T.E. Downing.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Mexico's oil industry : THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF MEXICAN OIL by Laura Randall
Environmental impact of water resources development : DAM THE RIVERS, DAMN THE PEOPLE: DEVELOPMENT AND RESISTANCE IN AMAZONIAN BRAZIL by Barbara J. Cummings
Managing the global environment : LESSONS LEARNED IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE by Peter H. Sand
Oil makes the world go round : THE PRIZE: THE EPIC QUEST FOR OIL, MONEY AND POWER by Daniel Yergin
Using natural gas : NATURAL GAS: ITS ROLE AND POTENTIAL IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT edited by Walter Vergara, Nelson E. Hay, Carl W. Hall
Environmental management MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS Daniel H. Henning ad William R. Mangun
Natural resource scarcity : ECONOMICS, NATURAL RESOURCE SCARCITY AND DEVELOPMENT by Edward B. Barbier
Solar investment : ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY SYSTEMS edited by Ronald E. West and Frank Kreith
World mineral exploration : WORLD MINERAL EXPLORATION: TRENDS AND ECONOMIC ISSUES edited by John E. Tilton, Roderick G. Eggert and Hans H. Landsberg     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
MANAGING THE WATER ENVIRONMENT, Edited by Neil A. Swainson.
Carbonate Chemistry of Aquatic Systems, Theory and Applications, by R. E. Loewenthal and G. v. R. Marais.
An Introduction to Hydrodynamics and Water Waves, by Bernard LeMehaute.
Systematic Hydrology, by J. C. Rodda, R. A. Downing, and Frank M. Law.
Cost Benefit Analysis and Water Pollution Policy, by Henry M. Peskin and Eugene P. Seskin.     

POTENTIAL,ACTUAL, AND EQUILIBRIUM EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN A WHEAT FIELD 1

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the relationship between both potential (E*) and nonpotential evapotranspiration and equilibrium evapotranspiration (EQ) in an irrigated wheat field in southcentral Alberta, Canada. The control exercised by surface wetness and root reservoir moisture content in determining the value of the Priestley-Taylor constant a is explored. Also investigated is the relationship between a and the vapor flux fraction ET/(R-G) where ET is the actual evapotranspiration, R the net radiation, and G the soil heat flux. It is shown that evapotranspiration occurred at the potential rate (E*) when the available soil moisture (ASM) within the root zone was ≥3 percent. a varied from 0.84 for a dry soil to 1.49 for a saturated soil. The mean a for E* was 1.24. Surface wetness sustained evapotranspiration at the potential rate when such wetting exceeded 2mm d^?1 following a period of prolonged drawdown of soil moisture, α and ET/(R-G) were positively correlated and this correlation strengthened with increasing soil moisture for constant values of the energy partitioning factor s+γ/s where s is the slope of the saturation humidity-temperature curve and γ is the psychrometric constant. ET=EQ when ETI(R-G) lay within the range of 0.59 to 0.82 corresponding to Bowen ratio (β) values of 0.22 and 0.69, respectively.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Peter R. Odell and Kenneth E. Rosing, The Future of Oil, A Simulation Study of the Inter-Relationship of Resources, Reserves and Use, 1980–2080
Rahmer, B. A., Fuels for the Future: A Survey of World Energy Alternatives
Prast, William G., Securing U.S. Energy Supplies     

ESTIMATING AVERAGE MONTHLY LAKE EVAPORATION IN THE NORTHEAST UNITED STATES1

ABSTRACT: A methodology to estimate the average monthly lake evaporation, E(τ), (month τ=1,12) for fresh water bodies located in the northeast United States is presented. The approach combines analysis of at‐site, lake‐specific vertical water temperature profile data and a previously developed regional air temperature based model approximation of the widely accepted modified Penman energy budget estimate of mean monthly potential evaporation, E_p(τ) (mm/day). The paper presents procedures to develop site‐specific estimates of E_p(τ) and to convert water temperature data to average monthly conductive heat flux, G(τ). With monthly estimates of G(τ), the average monthly potential evaporation, E_p(τ), is then convertible to estimates of the average monthly lake evaporation, E(τ). This new method permits a good estimate of site‐specific lake evaporation rates without the data and computational requirements of the Penman energy budget procedure nor the comparatively expensive, time consuming field eddy correlation approach.     

Inner City regeneration: perspectives on the G.E.A.R. Project

Government responses to the problems of the inner city currently focus on comprehensive programmes of positive discrimination. The first and most extensive is the G.E.A.R. project in Glasgow. Regular monitoring of the effectiveness of such large‐scale initiatives is essential. If the physical and social aims of such policies are to be realised, assessments must utilise both objective and subjective indicators.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article:
Groundwater Engineering, A. I. Kashef.
Ground Water Quality, C. H. Ward, W. Giger, and P. L. McCarty (Editors).
Groundwater Pollution Control, L. W. Canter and R. C. Knox.
A Citizen's Handbook on Groundwater Protection, Wendy Gordon.
Environmental Pollution Control in Relation to Development: Tech. Rept. Series 718, World Health Organization.
Vadose Zone Monitoring for Hazardous Waste Sites, L. G. Everett, L. G. Wilson, and E. W. Hoylman.
Safe Drinking Water: The Impact of Chemicals on a Limited Resource, R. C. Rice.
Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, Vol. 2, World Health Organization.
Hydrology: Principles, Analysis, and Design, H. M. Raghunath.
Problems of and Prospects for Predicting Great Salt Lake Levels, P. A. Kay and H. F. Diaz.
Water Resources Planning, Neil S. Grigg.
Natural Resources Economics: Selected Papers by S. V. Ciriacy-Wantrup, R. C. Bishop and S. D. Anderson (Editors).
Marine and Estuarine Geochemistry, A. G. Sigleo and A. Hattori (Editors).     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book review in this Article
Appropriate Methods of Treating Water and Wastewater in Developing Countries, George W. Reid.
Setprge and Gnnmdaater, Miguela A. Marino and James N. Luthin.
Hydrologic Modeling of SmaU Watersheds, C. T. Haan, H. P. Johnson, and D. L. Brakensiek
Remote Sensing for Resource Management, Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders (Editors).
Proceedings of the Specialty Conference on Environmentally Sound Water and soil Management, E. Gordon Kxuse, Chuck R Burdick, and Yousef A. Yousef (Editors).
Handbook of Irrigation Technology, Volume I, Edited by Herman J. Finkel.
Water for Western Agculture. K. D. Frederick and J. C. Hanson.
Water Supply and Sanitation in Developing Countries, Edited by E J. Schiller and R L. hoste.
Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods (Environmental Behavior of Organic Compounds), Warren J. Lyman, William F. Reehl, and David H. Rosenblatt.
The Clean Water Act: The Second Decade, Morris A. Ward, E. Bruce Harrison Co.
Economic Benefits of hnproved Water Quality: Public Perceptions of Option and Preservation Values, D. A. Greenley, R. G. Walsh, and R A. Young.
Surface Water, Robert Bowen.
Nitrogen, Public Health. and the Environment: Some Tools for Critical Thought, John H. Timothy Winneberger.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Adjustment for Africa : A FUTURE FOR AFRICA: BEYOND THE POLITICS OF ADJUSTMENT By Bade Onimode
Energy systems and development : DIAGNOSIS OF ENERGY SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES by J. Girod
Minerals and the environment : MINING THE EARTH by John E. Young
Towards a sustainable future : BEYOND THE LIMITS: GLOBAL COLLAPSE OR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE by Donella H. Meadows, Dennis L. Meadows and Jorgen Randers
A guidebook for metal mining : ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF SELECTED NON-FERROUS METALS (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Au) ORE MINING
The cost of CO₂ emissions limits : BUYING GREENHOUSE INSURANCE: THE ECONOMIC COSTS OF CO₂ EMISSION LIMITS by A. S. Manne and R. G. Richels
Sustainable development : ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT by the United Nations Center for Science and Technology     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article:
Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects, R. L. Jolley, et al. (Editors).
Sewerage and Sewage Treatment, L. Escritt (Edited and Revised by W. D. Haworth)
Stabilisation, Disinfection and Odour Control in Sewage Sludge Treatment (An Annotated Bibliography Covering the Period 1950–1983), A. M. Bruce and E. S. Connor (Editors).
The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces, Jonathan I. Charney (Editor).
Principles of Water Quality, Thomas D. Waite.
A Modular Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Groundwater Flow Model, Michael G. McDonald and Arlen W. Harbaugh.
Renewable Resources Management: Applications of Remote Sensing, P. A. Murtha and R. A. Harding (Editors).
Groundwater Transport: Handbook of Mathematical Models, J. Javendal, C. Doughty and C. F. Tsang.
Natural Resources and the Environment, Paul R. Portney (Editor).
Coping With Droughts, V. Yevjevich, L. da Cunha (Editor).
A Citizen's Guide to River Conservation, R. Diamant, J. G. Eugster and C. J. Duerksen.     

Tracking the Debate Around Marine Protected Areas: Key Issues and the BEG Framework

Marine conservation is often criticized for a mono-disciplinary approach, which delivers fragmented solutions to complex problems with differing interpretations of success. As a means of reflecting on the breadth and range of scientific research on the management of the marine environment, this paper develops an analytical framework to gauge the foci of policy documents and published scientific work on Marine Protected Areas. We evaluate the extent to which MPA research articles delineate objectives around three domains: biological-ecological [B]; economic-social[E]; and governance-management [G]. This permits us to develop an analytic [BEG] framework which we then test on a sample of selected journal article cohorts. While the framework reveals the dominance of biologically focussed research [B], analysis also reveals a growing frequency of the use of governance/management terminology in the literature over the last 15 years, which may be indicative of a shift towards more integrated consideration of governance concerns. However, consideration of the economic/social domain appears to lag behind biological and governance concerns in both frequency and presence in MPA literature.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book review in this Article
Random Functions in Hydrology, R. L. Bras and I. Rodriguez-Iturbe.
State of the Environment: An Assessment at Mid-Decade.
Siting Hazardous Waste Management Facilities, The Conservation Foundation. The Conservation Foundation, Chemical Manufacturers Assoc, and the National Audubon Society.
Principles of Water Quality, Thomas D. Waite.
Geomorphology, R. J. Chorley, S. A. Schumm, and D. E. Sug-den.
Surface Water Treatment for Communities in Developing Countries, C. R. Schulz and D. A. Okun.
Analysis of Water Distribution Systems, Thomas M. Walski.
California Riparian Systems, R. E. Warner and K. M. Hendrix (Editors).
TVA: Fifty Years of Grass-Roots Bureaucracy, E. C. Hargrove and P. K. Conkin (Editors).
Fluvial Hydrology, S. Lawrence Dingman. W. H. Freeman
Going Sour: Science and Politics of Acid Rain, Roy Gould.
Introduction to Environmental Engineering, M. L. DAvis and D. A. Cornwell.
An Introduction to the World's Oceans, A. C. Duxbury and A. Duxbury.
The Climatic Scene, M. J. Tooley and G. M. Sheail (Editors).
Impounded Rivers: Perspectives for Ecological Management, Geoffrey E. Petts.
Groundwater-Leachate: Modeling/Monitoring/Sampling, P. N. Cheremisinoff, K. A. Gigliello, and T. K. O'Neill.     

Carbon in the Vegetation and Soils of Great Britain

•The total amount of carbon held by vegetation in Great Britain is estimated to be 114 Mtonnes. •Woodlands and forests hold 80% of the G.B. total although they occupy only about 11% of the rural land area. Broadleaf species hold about 50% of the carbon in woodlands and forests. •A map of carbon in the vegetation of Great Britain at 1 km×1 km resolution based on land cover identified in the I.T.E. Land Cover Map is presented. The predominant location of vegetation carbon is the broadleaved woodlands of southern England. •The amount of carbon in the soils of Great Britain is estimated to be 9838 Mt (6948 Mt in Scotland and 2890 Mt in England and Wales). •In Scotland, most soil carbon is in blanket peats, whereas most soil carbon is in stagnogley soils in England and Wales. •The carbon content of the soils of Great Britain is mapped at 1 km×1 km resolution. Scottish peat soils have the greatest density of carbon and in total contain 4523 Mt of carbon, 46% of the G.B. total.     

The Effect of Estrogens,River Water,and Treated Wastewater on Vitellogenin Induction of Japanese Medaka1

Abstract: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of estrogens on fish endocrine disruption in river water and treated wastewater. Endogenous estrogen estrone (E1), 17β‐estradiol (E2), river water, and treated wastewater were used for exposure tests on male Japanese medaka. Vitellogenin induction in male medaka was regarded as the endpoint of endocrine disruption. The effective concentrations of E1 and E2 on vitellogenin induction in medaka were evaluated by breeding medaka for 14 days in tanks with various concentrations of E1 or E2. Vitellogenin induction increased with elapse of time during exposure, with higher estrogen concentrations causing greater vitellogenin induction. According to the test results, the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) of E1 and E2 were estimated to be 31.6 and 5.0 ng/l, respectively; and the E2 equivalent (EEQ) LOEC value of E1 was 5.2 ng‐E2/l, derived by multiplying the relative potency of E1 by that of E2 as estimated in this study. In continuous exposure tests using river water or treated wastewater, the estrogenic activity, an index of total estrogenic potential measured by yeast screen assay and expressed as EEQ, varied widely during the exposure tests, and significant vitellogenin induction was observed after several days of high levels of estrogenic activity in water. Vitellogenin concentration tended to significantly increase if EEQ exceeded the level of 5 ng‐E2/l. The threshold value was substantially the same as the results for E1 and E2 exposure tests of medaka. Consequently, EEQ over 5 ng‐E2/l was revealed to have the potential to cause endocrine disruption of male medaka. As estrogenic activity exceeding 5 ng‐E2/l was observed in some rivers in Japan, total estrogenic potential needs to be further decreased at wastewater treatment plants to prevent fish endocrine disruption.