面向城市水环境治理的智慧水管家模式

近年来我国城市水环境治理取得了显著成效,已迈入水资源、水环境、水生态统筹治理的新阶段。传统水环境治理模式难以适应新阶段的问题和挑战,亟需探索一条可持续、系统性、高质量的水环境治理模式。智慧水管家模式是三峡集团在推进长江大保护过程中,系统构建形成的一套可复制推广的机制、理念、方法与技术支撑体系。从治理机制和理念、核心业务着力点以及科技支撑三个层面系统阐述了智慧水管家模式的核心内容,以期为我国城市水环境治理提供新思路。     

伊朗水与环境领域面临的主要问题及中伊科技合作进展

根据伊朗水与环境领域的文献调研报告,并结合多次赴伊朗现场考察所得资料,归纳总结了伊朗在水与环境领域面临的主要问题,明确了伊朗与我国在该领域开展科技合作的需求。在此基础上,回顾了2016年以来中国科学院-发展中国家科学院水与环境卓越中心(CAS-TWAS CEWE)与伊朗德黑兰大学(University of Tehran)在水与环境领域开展科技合作的具体方式、内容,并梳理了推进中的技术示范工程。通过阶段性总结,进一步明确了今后双方合作的方向和具体举措,即通过强化合作平台建设,持续推动高效、务实项目合作,并助力中国环保企业拓展伊朗国内市场。     

我国城镇可持续发展的水资源问题与对策

本文简述了甸水资源的现状,指出水短缺和水污染是制约我国城镇可持续发展的两个主要问题,并探讨了解决问题的对策,强调工农业及城市用水的节水,实施污水间和海水利用等方法开发新水源,进行科学的水资源管理。     

高效液相色谱法在水质监测中的应用

高效液相色谱法在水质监测中获得较为广泛的应用，可检测水和废水中的多环芳烃，农药，酚类，烷基苯，苯胺，梁料，酞酸酯，金属类等化合物。１９８９年我国首次将高效液相色谱法列为《水和废水监测分析方法》，从而表明了我国的环境监测技术已提高到了一个新的水平。     

“反浸出”法治理铜矿酸性废水的探讨

一、概论 铜矿随着矿石的开采,矿石大量地暴露在空气中。在水、微生物和酸的作用下,矿石中的硫化物被氧化产生硫酸。硫酸溶解矿石中铜、铁和其它金属的氧化物,形成含铜、铁离子的酸性水。这个过程就是“自然浸出”过程。目前我国许多铜矿都有不同程     

中国流域水环境保护规划体系设计

现行与流域水环境保护相关的规划很多,但是由于各地区、各部门协调不足,规划间没有明确的关系,缺乏接口和控制,规划内容不统一,致使流域水环境保护规划没有形成体系。基于流域水环境保护相关规划存在的问题和当前的政府管理体制,提出了由国家流域水环境保护总体规划、小流域水环境保护规划、城市水环境保护规划和大点源水污染物减排规划构成的流域水环境保护规划体系。明确了该体系内,上级规划通过审批和评估实现对下级规划的指导与控制,规划之间的衔接关系体现为指标的联结。同时,提出了制定流域水环境保护规划法规、制定规划编制规范和指南、建立信息共享平台等建议。     

超临界水氧化处理废水研究进展

超临界水氧化是一种很有前途的废水处理方法。全面综述了超临界水的特性 ,超临界水氧化的基本原理、工艺流程及应用现状。对超临界水氧化现存的问题 ,如反应器的腐蚀和无机盐的沉积进行了描述 ,并就可能的解决方法进行了讨论。对超临界水氧化领域中未来的研究和技术方法提出了建议     

磷肥污染事故及磷肥中三氯乙醛、三氯乙酸极限含量研究

近十多年来,我国有十多个省、市发生了数十万亩农田由于磷肥受污染而致害农作物的污染事故,轻者减产,重则绝收.给农业生产带来很大损失,本项研究在调查污染事故的基础上,采用衍生物气相色谱及质谱测定法确证主要污染物是三氯乙酸,这种污染物是源于利用含三氯乙醛和三氯乙酸的废硫酸来生产过磷酸钙时带入磷肥的,三氯乙醛在土壤和作物中能转化为三氯乙酸,后者易溶于水,具有随水移动的特性,在干旱缺水条件下,能加重对作物的危害.     

基于电阻率的硫酸污染水泥土检测方法的探讨

电阻率法作为一种简单有效的测试方法,已在岩土工程检测中得到了一定程度的应用.通过室内试验模拟了水泥土试块受不同浓度硫酸溶液污染的反应,采用电阻率法研究了孔隙水电阻率、水泥土电阻率、结构因子与溶液浓度和龄期之间的关系.结果表明,孔隙水和水泥土电阻率随溶液浓度增大而减小、随龄期的增大而增大,结构因子随着溶液浓度和龄期的增加而增加,它们之间具有较高的相关性.这充分说明,电阻率法可应用于硫酸污染水泥土的检测和评价.     

中国水处理技术与装备国际展览会暨研讨会隆重召开

由科技部农村与社会发展司、国家环保总局污染控制司、建设部科学技术委员会联合主办的“2 0 0 0 (第二届 )中国水处理技术与装备国际展览会暨研讨会”—ＣｈｉｎａＷａｔｅｒ 2 0 0 0于 2 0 0 0年 9月 1 9～ 2 2日在北京隆重召开。新世纪来临之际 ,主办单位结合我国加入ＷＴＯ前的形势、配合我国水处理技术产业的快速发展、促进我国环境保护工作的深入开展 ,举办了这次展会。此次展会 ,一方面 ,强化宣传了我国在环境保护 ,特别是水环境保护的技术和产业政策 ,反映了科技部、国家环保总局、建设部等主管部委的工作进展和成果 ;另一方面 ,展…     

Water pollution and degradation in Pearl River Delta,South China

The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone is the most dynamic economic area in South China. One of the major problems in the region is the sustainable utilization of the water resources. On the basis of analysis of the water environment status and pollution sources, it is suggested that domestic sewage is the primary cause of pollution. Two new concepts "degradation coefficient" and "degradation volume" of water resources, due to pollution, which may be used to assess macroscopically the carrying capacity of the water resources and sustainability of the water environment, are proposed by the authors. The results calculated indicate that the volumes of degraded water resources will be up to 204, 352, and 537 million m3 in 2002, 2010, and 2020. It is suggested that water for daily consumption and domestic sewage must be controlled more effectively and there should be cross-regional coordination in tackling problems of water environment.     

Urban Water Resources Quota Management: The Core Strategy for Water Demand Management in China

Since China has the largest population in the world, the available water resources per capita in China are very limited. With the rapid economic development that is currently occurring, the shortage of water resources at the national level has become extremely critical. How to solve the problems due to water scarcity and water pollution has received increasing attention from the Chinese government and various communities. In order to provide a sustainable development environment for 1.6 billion people in the future, the whole country has started to reform urban water resources management systems in terms of related policies, regulations, methodologies, and technologies focusing on improving the efficiency and effectiveness in water use. Urban water quota management has now become a core strategy in developing a water resources governance model for water demand management aiming at establishing a water-saving society. This paper introduces the main stages and the processes of implementing water quota management in China, analyzes the basic principles, and expounds the elements, information foundation, core module and operational model of the urban water quota management system. It has been demonstrated that urban water quota management has made some remarkable contribution not only in transforming the pattern of water mode and strengthening water management enforcement but also in integrating various management methods in saving water and preventing pollution.     

中国沿海地区水资源及生态环境持续利用战略

由于地质和地理条件的特殊性,沿海地区生态环境极其脆弱和敏感。水资源短缺、水环境污染、海水入侵、地面沉降、生态环境退化和海平面上升,已构成我国沿海地区实现可持续发展战略面临的重大资源和环境问题。水资源和生态环境的持续利用,已成为我国沿海地区一项极其重要的战略任务。根据可持续发展理论,通过建立适应水资源持续利用的管理体制、政策和运行机制,采取生态环境可持续保护策略,可完全达到水资源和生态环境的持续利用,并有效实现中国沿海地区资源、环境与经济、社会的有机协调及经济、社会的持续、稳定、健康发展     

水污染·水资源·对策

本文详细论述了中国和世界的水资源状况，并论述了中国的水资源短缺状况、中国用水的优劣势，以及如何解决中国水资源短缺的措施和基本战略。     

污水灌溉的研究进展

科学合理地利用污水灌溉,可以缓解日益紧张的水资源供需矛盾,充分利用污水的水肥资源,提高经济效益,保护生态环境.总结了国内外污水灌溉的发展概况和研究进展,包括污水灌溉对土壤理化特性的影响、对植物生长的影响以及对地下水的影响,并针对中国污水灌溉存在的问题,探讨了污水灌溉技术的发展方向.     

Water resources vulnerability assessment in the Adriatic Sea region: the case of Corfu Island

Cross-border water resources management and protection is a complicated task to achieve, lacking a common methodological framework. Especially in the Adriatic region, water used for drinking water supply purposes pass from many different countries, turning its management into a hard task to achieve. During the DRINKADRIA project, a common methodological framework has been developed, for efficient and effective cross-border water supply and resources management, taking into consideration different resources types (surface and groundwater) emphasizing in drinking water supply intake. The common methodology for water resources management is based on four pillars: climate characteristics and climate change, water resources availability, quality, and security. The present paper assesses both present and future vulnerability of water resources in the Adriatic region, with special focus on Corfu Island, Greece. The results showed that climate change is expected to impact negatively on water resources availability while at the same time, water demand is expected to increase. Water quality problems will be intensified especially due to land use changes and salt water intrusion. The analysis identified areas where water resources are more vulnerable, allowing decision makers develop management strategies.     

China’s wastewater discharge standards in urbanization

Background and purpose

China's environmental problems and pollution control have global implications. China??s water pollution has been increasing with its urbanization and industrialization. Although great efforts have been taken to keep its wastewater discharge standards in pace with the water pollution development and technological advances, many challenges remain. A summary of the past achievements and lessons as well as the current problems in water pollution may provide a basis for future improvements in China and a reference for other countries.

Methods

Statistical data are summarized to reveal the evolution of China??s population, wastewater discharge and corresponding discharge standards over the past four decades. In particular, the specific control indexes and number of controlled items are discussed in details. The present water pollution situation is clearly illustrated by the water pollution map and the water quality distribution diagram. A comparison between China??s present wastewater discharge standards and those in the USA and the EU are also presented to find the possibilities for future improvement.

Results

The historical origins, major challenges and future perspectives of China??s wastewater discharge standards are overviewed. The barriers and ongoing efforts for standards formulation and implementation are highlighted. Some suggestions for future endeavors are given.

Conclusions

China??s wastewater discharge standard system has seen significant improvement over the past decades, but it still has many defects and limitations. Nonetheless, unprecedented great efforts are underway to address all these challenges. More stringent standards and subsequently a cleaner water environment in China can be expected in the near future.     

Prediction of per capita water consumption for 31 regions in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Considering the shortage of per capita water resources in China, the paper established a fractional order accumulated grey prediction model (FGM(1,1))...     

Sustainable watershed management: an international multi-watershed case study

Global freshwater resources are being increasingly polluted and depleted, threatening sustainable development and human and ecosystem health. Utilizing case studies from 4 different watersheds in the United States, Japan, Switzerland, and Brazil, this paper identifies the most relevant sustainability deficits and derives general vectors for more sustainable water management. As a consequence of the demographic and economic developments experienced in the last few decades, each watershed has suffered declines in water quality, streamflow and biotic resources. However, the extent and the cultural perception of these water-related problems vary substantially in the different watersheds, leading to specific water-management strategies. In industrialized countries, exemplified by the US, Switzerland, and Japan, these strategies have primarily consisted of finance- and energy-intensive technologies, allowing these countries to meet water requirements while minimizing human health risks. But, from a sustainability point of view, such strategies, relying on limited natural resources, are not long-term solutions. For newly industrialized countries such as Brazil, expensive technologies for water management are often not economically feasible, thus limiting the extent to which newly industrialized and developing countries can utilize the expertise offered by the industrialized world. Sustainable water management has to be achieved by a common learning process involving industrialized, newly industrialized, and developing countries, following general sustainability guidelines as exemplified in this paper.     

The influence of climate change on the allocation efficiency of new and tradition energy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The purpose of this paper is to strengthen research concerning the impact of climate change on China’s water resources, in order to avoid...