电梯应急救援处置服务平台设计与应用

针对电梯安全事故救援问题,研究提出了电梯安全应急救援处置服务平台技术架构。该平台综合利用物联网、网格、GIS、智能终端等技术,基于.Net开发框架体系、B/S架构,实现电梯及应急救援网格化管理、电梯故障实时监测报警、电梯应急救援指挥调度等平台关键功能。目前该平台已在济南市建设运行,依托平台实现了三级应急救援响应。通过实际应用效果来看,平台的技术与功能架构具有较强的可复用性,有利于整体技术方案的快速推广。     

北京市社区服务中心医用X射线放射防护现状调查与质量控制检测评价

为了了解北京市社区服务中心医用X射线放射防护现状,为放射防护工作提供科学依据。该文根据国家相关标准,对北京市31家社区服务中心放射防护场所及74台医用诊断X射线机性能进行检测与评价。结果发现调查放射工作人员51名《放射工作人员证》持证率96.1%;53个放射工作场所防护水平,控制室门窗合格率100%,病人门合格率86.8%,机房面积和通风状况基本符合国家标准,医用诊断X射线机性能检测合格率90.5%。结论应加强社区服务中心放射工作人员的培训,加强候诊区辐射防护,减少公众辐射危害的发生。     

Time perspective balance and team adaptation in dynamic task contexts

The concept of time perspective balance has attracted increased attention from scholars in the past decade, reflected in published evidence suggesting positive outcomes ranging from enhanced mood to life satisfaction for those individuals possessing balance among their past, present, and future time perspectives, and assumedly able to shift their time perspective to match situational demands. In this paper, we consider the notion of time perspective balance in an organizational setting within which much consequential adaptation often occurs—the team environment—and explore different configurations of time perspective balance in teams facing dynamic task contexts. Drawing from work on situational awareness, we first consider the mechanism by which time perspective balance likely influences individual adaptation in dynamic task-focused situations. Next, we postulate what types of team configurations—ones with more balanced time perspective uniformity or ones with more time perspective variety—might be more appropriate in dynamic contexts given key team conditions. We illustrate our analysis with examples from healthcare team settings and offer ideas for future research.     

焦油储存安全条件

焦化企业根据不同需求,将不同性质的煤混合在一起,在隔绝空气的条件下进行加热,得到焦炭的高温干馏过程即为炼焦。炼焦过程中生成的焦炉煤气经过净化、回收、精制等在得到产品如苯类(粗苯、甲苯、二甲苯等)、煤焦油、硫铵等的同时,也会产生中间产品硫化氢、氰化氢、氨水等。这些物质大多具有易燃、易爆、易中毒的特性,加之生产、检修、储存等过程中的高温、高压,甚至加氢等危险因素,引起了企业的高度重视。     

A framework for learning from incidents in the workplace

Learning from Incidents (LFI) in the workplace has been gaining increasing importance in the Health, Safety and Environment context. Although organisations adopt a variety of LFI initiatives, it is often unclear what learning approaches are the most appropriate and the most effective for different types of incidents across a range of contexts. The aim of the paper is to surface factors that are important for effective Learning from Incidents (LFI). The paper builds on a conceptual framework for learning from incidents, developed through an earlier study. This conceptual framework was validated through empirical data collected at two multinational corporations in the energy sector. From this data a refined framework for learning from incidents was devised with five factors important for LFI: participants of learning, type of incidents, learning process, type of knowledge and learning context. This framework can be used as an evaluation tool and as a guidance tool to develop holistic, organisational learning approaches.     

城市公共安全应急决策支持系统研究

针对合肥市公共安全应急决策需求,围绕火灾、爆炸与毒气泄漏等突发重大事故,研究灾害事故监测技术、模拟预测方法,集成Internet、GIS、无线数据传输、无线通讯等信息化技术,以分布式的形式整合各独立系统,构建应急管理与决策系统平台.选择安徽氯碱化工集团、西气东输合肥市天然气门站以及安徽乐普生商业中心三个特色功能区,采用高速网络、可视化视频电话系统和远程无线视频监控等技术,组建了合肥市公共安全应急示范系统.实践表明,在城市可视化与数字化的基础上,该系统能够实现城市灾害信息的科学管理,实现各种灾害的分析模拟、公共安全规划以及应急决策支持,从而有效提高突发性城市公共安全应急的效率和响应速度,为城市公共安全的应急工作提供了有效的辅助手段.     

Ports’ service attributes for ship navigation safety

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the service attributes of ports for ship navigation safety. Based on the relevant literature and the features of ship navigation in ports, the service attributes of ports for ship navigation were first investigated. A fuzzy AHP model was then used to identify those attributes from shipmasters’ perspectives. Finally, a Dissatisfaction Attitude (DA) index was used to determine the attributes’ priorities, by which the port authorities may make policies for improving ship navigation safety. As an empirical study, the shipmasters berthing their ships in Kaohsiung Port were surveyed to validate the model. The result constructs 19 port service attributes (SAs) for ship navigation safety, in which, the shipmasters place more emphasis on the SAs of operators’ professional literacy, including the marine pilot’s professional and English communication abilities, the VTC (Vessel Traffic Center) regulator’s professional and English communication abilities, and the tugboat driver’s skills. While, for Kaohsiung Port, currently, the traffic control of fairway is the most important aspect to be improved. The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings for port authorities in improving ship navigation safety are discussed.     

检验机构应为提高个体防护装备质量服务

十届人大三次会议提出了构建社会主义和谐社会的宏伟目标。要求社会生活的方方面面都应该和谐。尊重生命，保障人身安全与健康，是和谐社会最起码的要求。劳防用品是保护劳动者在劳动过程中为防止或减轻事故伤害及职业危害所使用的个体防护装备，是保障劳动者安全与健康的最后一道防线。其质量的好坏直接涉及到劳动者的安全与健康。     

Old faces,new places: equity theory in cross‐cultural contexts

Equity theory proposes that individuals compare ratios of their own outcomes and inputs to the ratios of outcomes and inputs of others. According to this theory, if the ratios are unequal, individuals are motivated to take actions that will restore equity. Although equity theory has received considerable attention from organizational scholars, relatively few studies have investigated the cross‐cultural applicability of the theory. In this conceptual paper, the value‐orientation model of culture is used to identify the ways in which the cultural context may influence how employees conceptualize inputs and outcomes, their selection of referent others, their equity preferences, and their reactions to inequity. The paper also describes potential avenues for future investigations of equity theory in cross‐cultural settings. Finally, some practical implications of this work are discussed as well. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Understanding risks in socially vulnerable contexts: The case of waste burning in cement kilns in Brazil

This article proposes a qualitative approach for understanding occupational and environmental risks in countries with high-social vulnerabilities. We use waste burning in cement kilns as a qualitative case study in order to illustrate how social (population and institutional) vulnerabilities influence the context of risk situations and events in a developing country such as Brazil. The vulnerability analysis was based on the reconstitution of the trajectory of this risk problem in a Brazilian State and its impacts, which mobilised several social and institutional actors. The methodology used interviews with different actors and an analysis of the documents, including mostly technical reports from various participating institutions. One objective of contextualising risk problems and vulnerabilities is to encourage professionals, decision-makers, and other social actors to discuss safety and health promotion in their different dimensions and to develop new strategies for intersectorial and participatory public policies. This point is important not only for developing countries even in more developed countries where legislation, social protection, and labour relations are more organised. We suggest that the need for knowledge integration, participation by all stakeholders, and empowerment of vulnerable groups exposed to risks are important principles to promote safety and health through the reduction of vulnerabilities.     

Testing implementation conditions for in-vehicle information systems

In the European 6th Framework Programme, fundamental research in the field of technology assessment regarding behavioural effects was conducted in the HASTE (Human machine interface And the Safety of Traffic in Europe) project. Methods, metrics and scenarios for the exploration of safety problems related to IVIS (in-vehicle information systems) were defined and applied to the evaluation of surrogate systems in the laboratory originally and real systems subsequently, in laboratories and field studies. The results of the laboratory and field studies led to the formulation of guidelines for a standardized test regime regarding existing and newly developed IVIS. In this way the HASTE project has succeeded in the development of a valid, reliable and efficient tool that may aid testing authorities in their safety evaluation of IVIS.     

台湾的消防及其教育

本文介绍中国台湾的消防及其教育的概况。台湾的消防与警察同属一个部门,消防部门同时承担灭火和救护任务。所有消防队员都要到警察学校接受教育,所有消防官员都必须从中央警察大学毕业。     

Erratum: Old faces,new places: equity theory in cross‐cultural contexts

The above article (DOI: 10.1002/job.454) was published online in Early View on 12 April 2007. A printing error was subsequently identified in the article: Page 10, line 27: ‘likelihood that he or she will select particular referent’ should read ‘likelihood that he or she will select a particular referent’     

滤毒罐寿命失效指示器的研究进展

滤毒罐寿命失效指示器能保障有毒有害环境下作业人员的生命安全。为了全面了解滤毒罐寿命失效指示器的研究进展,基于滤毒罐失效指示器的概念、原理和政策,介绍滤毒罐对有机蒸气有效防护时间的评估模型及其应用;通过介绍近年来主动式和被动式2类滤毒罐寿命失效指示器的研究进展,指出被动式比色型寿命失效指示器由于成本低廉是目前研究较为广泛、成熟的技术,而成本仍然是制约主动式寿命失效指示器的主要因素;最后,提出滤毒罐寿命失效指示器在职业防护领域和军事领域的发展趋势和应用前景。     

Training courses for specialists in working conditions: Some survey results

Initial results are presented of a survey in 14 countries into the training of six professional groups in the area of working conditions. The groups are occupational physicians, occupational hygienists, safety advisors/engineers, ergonomists, occupational health nurses and health and safety/labour/ (social) insurance inspectors.The paper concentrates on the diversity of the professional groups involved in working conditions, the level, length and certification of their training, and, for a limited number of the countries surveyed, the overlap in training content between groups.Conclusions are drawn in respect of the potential for sharing of training content and materials.     

在用机械设备的安全评估

针对在用机械设备的特点 ,根据灾害风险学和系统科学的基本思想 ,提出了基于安全事故风险分析在用机械设备安全综合评估方法 ,指出在用机械设备的安全评估应以机械设备及其环境的实际情况为依据 ,以具有整体功能的机械设备安全事故体系为对象 ,从安全事故发生的可能性和事故后果严重性两个基本方面评估在用机械设备相对的安全事故风险水平 ,从而对其事故发生的可能性作出评估     

A mobile flight case learning system for ATC miscommunications

Aviation’s highest priority is safety. The primary risk to safety derives not from automated systems but from human factors, most notably air traffic control. We present results from development of a flight case learning system designed to operate on mobile phones used by air traffic controllers (ATCs). Our system takes advantage of key Ontology concepts, a case-based system development procedure, human-centered design (HCD) strategies, and appropriate small-screen interface design protocols. A questionnaire to assess user interaction satisfaction (QUIS) was deployed for subsequent usability testing and to verify acceptance of, and satisfaction with, the system. Twelve subjects participated in the questionnaire-based evaluation of subjective satisfaction. In addition, two flight experts served on a review panel for domain knowledge verification and acceptance of the interface design. Our results confirm that the system is a suitably designed mobile learning system that can accelerate self-learning for ATCs.     

X80天然气管道在役焊接应力分析与调控

为了探究X80天然气管道在役焊接的应力分布和变化规律,在考虑天然气介质的作用下,采用有限元方法模拟了X80天然气管道在役焊接应力场分布规律,分析了天然气工况参数和环境温度对X80天然气管道在役焊接应力的影响,并根据应力变化规律提出了降低X80天然气管道在役焊接应力的措施。研究结果表明:X80天然气管道轴向焊接应力和环向应力主要呈对称分布形式,且管道外壁的应力大于管道内壁上的应力;随着天然气压力和流速逐渐增大,轴向应力先增加后降低,而环向应力逐渐增大;当环境温度增大后,管道轴向和环向应力均呈下降趋势;降低天然气压力和流速、采用焊前预热能够有效降低焊接应力。研究结果可为我国X80天然气管道在役焊接安全提供参考。     

公共危机管理中的组织学习研究

目前国外对危机管理的研究已经趋于成熟,已经进一步提出了在危机中学习的概念并取得一些进展。而在经历了几次大的危机之后,国内学者开始关注公共危机管理。随着危机种类越来越多,发生频率越来越高,政府的公共部门必须要具备组织学习的能力。但是国内对于组织学习研究在公共管理领域的延伸还十分有限,我国仅少量学者探讨了学习型政府,对其它类型公共部门的组织学习研究则更为罕见。显然,这种研究的缺失不利于公共组织构建组织学习能力和提高服务水平。未来的国内学习型组织研究需要在公共组领域有所突破,特别是危机情境下的公共组织学习。因此本文以分析文献的方式,借鉴国内外学者对公共危机管理,以及组织学习的研究,希望能为公共部门组织学习的深层探索提供思路。     

德国垃圾卫生填埋场建设和运行中的环境安全措施

卫生填埋是处理城市垃圾和各种危险固体废物的主要方式。垃圾填埋场在接纳了大量垃圾的同时容易引起填埋气体爆炸、有毒有害物质向环境泄漏和填埋场使用年限缩短等环境安全问题。完善的填埋法律法规体系、科学的填埋场建设和运行管理是保证卫生填埋环境安全的核心。德国垃圾填埋处理有很长的历史,技术和管理都比较成熟。介绍了德国垃圾填埋处理的法律法规体系、主要技术指标以及填埋场日常运行系统,为我国垃圾的卫生填埋场建设和运行管理提供参考。