长兴岛沿岸海域海冰融化水水质状况

在长兴岛北岸，采集平整冰、堆积冰和搁浅冰。作了26项水质分析，采用三种行业标准评价，结果表明全盐量、氯化物和硫酸盐指标不合格，平整冰全盐量按非盐碱地区标准评价超标7．7倍，按盐碱地区标准评价超标3．8倍。氯化物超标16．6倍，硫酸盐超标2．3芦。堆积冰全盐量按非盐碱地区标准评价超标6．7倍，按盐碱地区标准评价超标2．3倍。氯化物超标15．6倍，硫酸盐超标1．5倍。搁浅冰全盐量按非盐碱地区标准评价超标3．7倍，按盐碱地区标准评价超标1．8倍。氯化物超标10．4倍，硫酸盐超标1．4倍。其余23项合格。     

1998～2003年卫星反演的中国陆架海叶绿素a浓度变化分析

利用1998~2003年SeaWiFS反演计算出的叶绿素a浓度数据,对中国陆架海叶绿素a浓度分布的规律和机理进行了分析探讨。结果表明,不同海区叶绿素a的浓度在各年间基本呈周期变化,每年随季节不同而变化。SeaWiFS反演的叶绿素a浓度分布情况与前人现场调查的结果较为一致,更为直观地揭示了中国陆架海的水文物理特征。遥感方法作为海洋科学研究的重要手段,更具应用前景。     

九龙江污染物入海通量初步估算

河流污染物入海通量的研究是研究海水污染的内容之一。本文对目前常用的河流污染物通量估算方法进行了分析,根据九龙江的水文水质监测数据,选择高锰酸钾指数与NH3-N作为代表性水质监测项目,利用各种估算公式进行污染物入海通量估算,对估算结果进行比较发现部分公式适用性较好。估算结果表明,2003年九龙江污染物入海通量CODMn大约为21 000 t/a,NH3-N大约为2 500 t/a。根据与其他研究结果的对比,探讨了河流污染物入海通量估算的特点,对不足之处作了说明。     

珠江重金属入海通量探讨

本文在比较四种计算通量方法的基础上，根据珠江八大口门的径潮实际情况，选取“潮时入海通量计算方法1”和“潮时入海通量计算方法2”探讨珠江总汞、铜、铅、镉等重金属的入海通量计算。并分别计算了溶解态通量与颗粒态通量。采用“水位－水位－流量”图解法以对部分未知流量进行测算，是对河口地区和海洋污染防治研究的一种尝试。     

北极沉积物中硫酸盐还原菌与生物地球化学要素的相关分析

对北极楚科奇海、白令海测区34个沉积物样品的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)含量与CaCO3、Si、S、P、Cd、Fe、Ti、Pb、Hg等地球化学要素作了相关分析．同时分析了SRB与其所在沉积物粒度与底层水温间的关系．结果表明：SRB与Si、砂及底层水温为正相关；SRB与CaCO3、Fe、Ti、P、Pb、Hg、粉砂、粘土为负相关；而SRB与Cd、S的相关性因海区不同而不同．既有负相关．也有正相关．分析了这些相关状况及其原因．     

四海魁祠南海神庙

无论是起源于黄河、长江的舟船文化，还是起源于东南沿海的海洋文化，都是中华民族古老文明的组成部分。从希腊神话的波塞冬到中国的妈祖，与渔民生活息息相关的自然神，伴着潮起潮落发散出鲜亮的海洋文化的无穷魅力。     

天津汉沽海域表层沉积物中P的赋存特征分析

利用连续分级提取方法,对天津汉沽海域表层沉积物中P的含量水平、赋存形态、及其生物有效性进行了分析。结果表明:表层沉积物中TP的含量在525.68×10-6～688.39×10-6之间,平均含量约为618.18×10-6,其中86.98%以IP的形式存在;而在IP中,FA-P是其主要的赋存形态,平均约占TP的59.54%;IP含量范围为48.52×10-6～146.72×10-6,平均约占TP的13.02%。P的生物有效性分析结果显示,潜在的生物有效P主要包括Ads-P、Fe-P和OP等3种赋存形态,而天津汉沽海域表层沉积物中潜在的生物有效P含量约为465.87×10-6～609.79×10-6,平均约占沉积物TP的89.14%,表明研究区域内沉积物具有很强的释P潜力。     

基于SWAT模型的碧流河流域入海径流模拟研究

利用多源综合数据,建立碧流河流域SWAT（soil and water assessment tool）分布式水文模型,对模型进行了率定验证。结果表明:率定期模型纳什效率系数Ens、决定系数R2及相对偏差PBIAS分别为0.80、0.86、18.9%,模型不确定性P因子、R因子分别为0.78、0.58,验证期Ens、R2及PBIAS值分别为0.87、0.88、1.9%,建立的SWAT模型在碧流河流域中径流模拟总体效果较好,不确定性较小。通过建立流域水文模型,可以解决海洋科研业务工作中监测覆盖的入海河流有限、入海径流量难以获得的问题,为污染物入海通量评估提供高分辨率的流量数据。     

Fossil proxies of near-shore sea surface temperatures and seasonality from the late Neogene Antarctic shelf

We evaluate the available palaeontological and geochemical proxy data from bivalves, bryozoans, silicoflagellates, diatoms and cetaceans for sea surface temperature (SST) regimes around the nearshore Antarctic coast during the late Neogene. These fossils can be found in a number of shallow marine sedimentary settings from three regions of the Antarctic continent, the northern Antarctic Peninsula, the Prydz Bay region and the western Ross Sea. Many of the proxies suggest maximum spring–summer SSTs that are warmer than present by up to 5 °C, which would result in reduced seasonal sea ice. The evidence suggests that the summers on the Antarctic shelf during the late Neogene experienced most of the warming, while winter SSTs were little changed from present. Feedbacks from changes in summer sea ice cover may have driven much of the late Neogene ocean warming seen in stratigraphic records. Synthesized late Neogene and earliest Quaternary Antarctic shelf proxy data are compared to the multi-model SST estimates of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) Experiment 2. Despite the fragmentary geographical and temporal context for the SST data, comparisons between the SST warming in each of the three regions represented in the marine palaeontological record of the Antarctic shelf and the PlioMIP climate simulations show a good concordance.     

茅尾海入海河口区表层沉积物磷形态特征研究

以茅尾海两个主要入海河口区表层沉积物为研究对象,采用改进后的连续提取法（SEDEX）对15个采样点沉积物中磷的组分、含量、分布及其影响因素进行研究,探讨了磷的生物有效性。结果表明,无机磷（IP）是茅岭江和钦江入海河口区表层沉积物中总磷（TP）的主要存在形式,平均分别占TP的64.4%和65.9%,有机磷（OP）均占较小的比例。IP均以铁结合态磷（Fe-P）为主要赋存形态,平均分别占TP的31.2%和28.1%,原生碎屑磷（De-P）、自生磷灰石磷（Ca-P）和可交换态磷（Ex-P）平均占TP比例依次递减。河流输入、沉积物粒度和沉积环境是影响茅尾海入海河口区表层沉积物中不同形态磷含量及分布的主要因素。磷生物有效性分析表明,茅岭江、钦江入海河口区表层沉积物中生物可利用磷（BAP）含量分别为2.95~22.52 μmol/g和2.67~13.83 μmol/g,平均占TP的73.9%和68.8%,呈现较强的释磷潜力。     

Evaluating the impacts of sea level rise on coastal wetlands in Languedoc-Roussillon,France

Sea-level rise due to climate change creates new risks of submersion in coastal areas that must be taken into account. Although these are long-term risks for 2100, it is important to anticipate possible consequences in order to identify the most vulnerable areas or issues and develop the appropriate adaptation policies. The aim of this paper is to examine the consequences of such sea-level rise for wetlands in the Languedoc-Roussillon region (France) which is particularly at risk of submersion. The analysis is based on the worst case scenario of a one meter sea level rise by 2100, with a variety of adaptive strategies: denial, laissez-faire and strategic retreat of infrastructure and buildings. This latter strategy assumes that the retreat wetlands is unconstrained. The evaluation examines the losses and transformations of ecological habitats, depending on their distance from salt water. Estimating damages and benefits requires first, to study the evolution of the services supplied by different habitats and second, to estimate the value of the economic impact. This approach demonstrates the superiority of a strategic retreat policy which would halve the damages resulting from submersion.     

Sexual harassment and female gregariousness in the South American sea lion, Otaria flavescens

Most colonial pinnipeds form extreme clusters of breeding females that cannot be entirely explained by the distribution of sites for reproduction. Avoidance of male harassment has been postulated as an important determinant of reproductive aggregation in this group of mammals. Female gregariousness can reduce harassment by resident males by two mechanisms; directly by the 'dilution effect' or indirectly because resident males that defend large female groups are less harassing. In order to investigate the relationship between male harassment and female gregariousness in relation to the size of breeding groups, we analysed the behaviour of dominant males and their females in a breeding colony of Otaria flavescens. Females in large breeding groups received less harassment by resident males due to dilution effects and because males that defended a large group interacted less frequently with females than males with small groups.     

河口、陆架和海洋模式在胶州湾的应用

将河口、陆架和海洋模式应用于胶州湾,建立其三维潮流数植模型。计算结果与实测值相比,吻合良好,重现了胶州湾Ｍ２分潮的时空分布。模拟结果表明：水平流速从表层到底层逐渐衰减,临近海底时,衰减迅速;而垂向流速变化规律与之相反,底层最大。最大垂向流速位于水深梯度较大处,说明地形的强烈起伏,使潮流大幅度地爬坡或落降,是产生较大垂向速度的重要因素。     

平原城市区设闸河流氮磷污染物入海通量研究

利用2013~2015年海河防潮闸断面逐日流量及离散的水质数据,基于LOADEST模型构建了TN、TP入海通量多元线性回归方程,对方程进行了评估验证,TN、TP模型的判定系数（R2）分别达到0.917、0.924,表明LOADEST模型适用于平原城市区设闸河流断面污染物入海通量的评估。评估结果表明,海河防潮闸断面TN、TP入海通量及水质表现出不同的变化特征。2013~2015年,TN浓度月均值变化范围3.38~8.33 mg/L,汛期（6~10月）浓度低于非汛期,TP浓度月均值变化范围0.17~0.88 mg/L,汛期浓度高于非汛期;TN年均入海通量2200 t/a,汛期占43.7%,日均入海通量25.8 t/d,非汛期日均入海通量是汛期的2倍;TP年均入海通量216 t/a,汛期占69.3%,日均入海通量2.5 t/d,汛期日均入海通量高于非汛期,9月份最高,4月份最低。研究结果可为实施陆海统筹的最大日污染负荷（TMDL）总量控制提供科学依据。