BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Famine that Kills, by A. de Waal.
The Greening of Aid: Sustainable Livelihoods in Practice edited by: Czech Conroy and Miles Litvinoff.
Manual of Disaster Medicine: Civilian and Military, by N.D. Reis and E. Dolev.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
RED CROSS DISASTER RELIEF HANDBOOK, League of Red Cross Societies, 1976.
THE LICE EARTHQUAKE IN SOUTH-EASTERN TURKEY: A GEOGRAPHY OF THE DISASTER Captain William A. Mitchell
CATASTROPHIC FAILURES by Victor Bignell, Geoff Peters and Christopher Pym
HUMAN ASPECTS OF MAN-MADE SYSTEMS-READINGS ON: CONCEPTUAL MODELS, PRACTICAL STRATEGIES, DESIGN SITU A TIONS edited by Stephen C. Brown and John N. T. Martin
BUSHFIREDISASTER: ANA USTRALIAN COMMUNITY IN CRISIS R. L. Wettenhall     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Coping with Vulnerability and Criticality , edited by H.G. Bohle, T.E. Downing, J.O. Field and F.N. Ibrahim.
Making Ends Meet: A Survey of the Food Economy of the North-East Highlands , Save the Children (UK)     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Mass Casualties: A Lessons Learned Approach (Proceedings of the First International Assembly on Emergency Medical Services, 1982), edited by R.A. Cowley.
Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth edited by Leon T. Silver and Peter H. Schultz
Tin Aicha – Nomad Village
The Ash Wednesday Bushfires in Victoria, 16th February 1983 by J. Oliver, N.R. Britton and M.K. James, Disaster Investigation Report No. 7     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION - A COMPENDIUM OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE
DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGA TION: A COMPENDIUM OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE
RISK ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD by R.W. Kates and AN INTERA CTIVE MODELING S YSTEM FOR DISASTER POLICY ANALYSIS by H. Kunreuther, J. Lepare, L. Miller, J. Vinso, J. Wilson, B. Borkan, B. Duffy and N. Katz.
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARD, RESEARCH NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES Robert W. Kates, Editor     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Tim Dyson, Population and Food: Global Trends and Future Prospects
R. S. J. Sparks, M. I. Bursik, S. N. Carey, J. S. Gilbert, L. S. Glaze, H. Sigurdsson and A. W. Woods, Volcanic Plumes
Jasper Becker, Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine
Dali L. Yang, Calamity and Reform in China: State, Rural Society and Institutional Change Since the Great Leap Forward     

Simultaneous Removal of Nitrate and Natural Organic Matter from Drinking Water Using a Hybrid Heterotrophic/Autotrophic/Biological Activated Carbon Bioreactor

Simultaneous removal of nitrate ([Formula: see text]) and natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water using a hybrid heterotrophic/autotrophic/BAC bioreactor (HHABB) was studied in continuous mode. The HHABB consisted of three compartments: ethanol heterotrophic part, sulfur autotrophic part, and biological activated carbon (BAC)-part (including anoxic and aerobic sections). Experiments were performed with [Formula: see text] concentration 30?mg N/L, [Formula: see text] loading rate 0.72?kg N/m(3)/d, C?:?N ratio 0.53, and three concentrations of NOM (0.6, 2.6, and 5.7?mg C/L). Overall denitrification rate and efficiency of the HHABB were not affected by NOM concentration and were in the suitable ranges of 0.69-0.70?kg N/m(3)/d and 96.0%-97.7%, respectively. NOM removal at concentration 0.6?mg C/L was not efficient because of organic carbon replacement as soluble microbial products. At higher NOM concentrations, total NOM removal efficiencies were 55%-65%, 55%-70%, and 55%-65% for dissolved organic carbon, trihalomethane formation potential, and UV absorbance at 254?nm (UV(254)), respectively. The more efficient compartments of the HHABB for the removal of NOM were the ethanol heterotrophic phase and aerobic BAC-phase. The efficiency of the HHABB in the removal of NOM was considerable, and the effluent dissolved organic carbon and trihalomethane formation potential concentrations were relatively low. This study indicated that the HHABB without the anoxic BAC-phase could be a feasible alternative for simultaneous removal of [Formula: see text] and NOM from drinking water at full scale.     

Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air at Four Residential Locations in Seoul, Korea

To investigate the environmental behavior of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban areas, their concentrations were measured at four urban monitoring sites (namely, N, S, E, and W) in Seoul, Korea (February to December 2009). A total of 27 compounds were quantified that consist of four chemical groups: aromatic (AR), halogenated aromatic, halogenated paraffin, and halogenated olefin. Results were evaluated by focusing on these four functional groups just mentioned and their summation term as total VOC (TVOC) along with several individual species (mainly AR species, that is, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene). The highest concentration of chemical groups was found from AR (71.1±42.1?ppbC), while that for individual species confirmed the dominance of toluene (7.48±3.88?ppb). The analysis of spatial distribution indicated that high TVOC levels were recorded at sites N and W, while it was not so significant such as S and E in terms of TVOC budget. Seasonal variation of these VOCs was characterized by the peak values in December to reflect the combined effects of pronounced source activities and meteorological conditions. Analysis of spatial variations in VOC levels between the four urban sites indicated that their distributions are tightly affected by local source processes in each area.     

江苏及其南黄海6级地震与日本地震的相关性

吴佳翼等研究华北地震同日本地震的相关性 ,提出日本地震活动的 3个区 :日本海沟地震活动区(A区 )、日本海西部的深源地震区 (B区 )和日本浅源地震区 (C区 )如果相继发生地震活动 ,则中国华北地区 (D区 )将发生 6级以上响应地震。作者用 1 979年以来江苏及其黄海的 3个 6级震例 ,说明D区应扩大到江苏及其附近地区 ,并对历史地震进行检验。如果把D区改为大华北东部范围 ,在地球自转减速段 ,响应震将发生在华北东部 35°N～ 39°N地区 ;在地球自转加速段 ,响应震将发生在 φN≤ 35°或 φN>39°的地区。江苏及南黄海 6级响应地震发生的时间 ,可以用东北深震区与黄海地震带的相关性来估计     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Famine and Food Security in Africa and Asia: Indigenous Response and External Intervention to Avoid Hunger, edited by Hans G. Bohle, Terry Cannon, Graeme Hugo and Fouad N. Ibrahim. When the Grass is Gone: Development Interventions in African Arid Lands, edited by P.T.W. Baxter. Survival Strategies and External Interventions in a Semi-arid Region at the Kenya/Uganda Border: Western Pokot, 1900–86, by Ton Dietz. Global Warming: Who is Taking the Heat?, by G. Foley     

Compliance with recommended protective actions during an H7N9 emergency: a risk perception perspective

This study investigates the factors determining an individual's response to official recommended protective measures, based on the Health Belief Model and the Protective Action Decision Model, to understand the adoption of protective behaviour during an H7N9 (Avian Influenza A) emergency. A public survey involving 1,375 respondents was conducted in Anhui Province, China, during the 2013 H7N9 outbreak to test the research model and hypotheses. The results indicate that protective, stakeholder, and risk perceptions influence positively an individual's willingness to take recommended actions. Protective and stakeholder perceptions also have a positive bearing on lay people's risk perceptions. A stakeholder perception is a vital determinant of a protective perception. More importantly, the effects of protective and stakeholder perceptions on behavioural responses to recommendations are mediated in part by risk perception. These findings can help public health officials to develop messages to encourage members of the population to protect themselves effectively during an influenza crisis.     

南黄海6.1级地震前热红外异常

从1996-11-09南黄海6.1级地震(震中位置31°50′N,123°06′E)的地震地质构造环境、临震卫星热红外异常与近地表大气增温异常等3方面进行研究。认为该震震前有较明显的热红外异常显示,并初步探讨了该区地震的临震近地表大气增温与卫星热红外异常的基本特征。     

茅东断裂带组构与动力学分析

本文通过茅东断裂带构造岩定向标本的组构研究,探讨断裂带的动力学特征,其结果表明:该断裂帝具有多期活动特点;以走滑为主兼有逆冲和旋转运动学性质;晚更新世以来,经历了SE30°和NE80°先后二次不同方向主压应力作用:早期差异应力为1000—1300巴,晚期约250—450巴.     

基于关键区海温的华南香蕉寒害长期预报模型探讨

根据华南地区10个代表站点1961-2005年的气候资料、海温资料、历史灾情记录对华南香蕉寒害长期预报模型进行了研究。结果表明,构造的华南香蕉寒害指数与前人研究和历史灾情记录吻合,可以代表华南香蕉寒害的强弱。通过相关分析,找出了影响华南冬季寒害的前期夏季海温关键区为（5°S~5°N,170°~120°W）、（50°~60°N,180°~140°W）、（20°~30°N,140°~110°W）、（30°~40°N,140°~150°E）、（40°~50°N,150°~170°E）,关键区海温对华南冬季寒害影响具有明确的物理意义。利用逐步回归分析,以关键区海温为自变量建立了华南香蕉寒害长期预报模型。其中1961-1990年的数据用于建模,1991-2004年数据用于模型检验。模型拟合准确率和预报准确率均高于88%,这表明此模型具有较高的精度。     

2001年11月14日昆仑山口西8.1级大震前徐州台数字化形变观测仪器记录的异常

北京时间 2 0 0 11114T 17∶2 6 ,在昆仑山口西发生了 8 1级地震。震中为 36 2°N ,90 9°E。这次地震前徐州地震台体应变仪、水管仪、伸缩仪数字化形变观测记录到了较明显的短临异常信息。本文试对这些异常进行分析。     

Public perceptions and attitudes to biological risks: Saudi Arabia and regional perspectives

Saudi Arabia has experienced frequent occurrences of biological disasters due to a wide range of generator factors, including natural disasters and epidemics. A national survey (n=1,164) was conducted across 13 regions of Saudi Arabia to examine public perceptions to the risk of a biological disaster. The primary results reveal: (a) a degree of knowledge about biological threats such as SARS and H5N1 flu, despite the lack of individual experience with disasters; (b) age, gender, education and faith are positively related to the perception of biological risk; and (c) a number of important community resilience factors exist, including faith, education and willingness. This study concludes that the development of adapted resilience strategies in disaster management can be achieved through public education and training involving cooperation with official organisations and religious authorities in the country to increase public awareness, knowledge and skills in mitigating biological threats.     

海安地电台极区金属管道干扰的测试和分析

1999年 6月 5～ 8日海安地震台地电N6 0°E测向为ρs 值异常升幅 2 % ,而N30°W、N70°W两测向 ρs 值均处于正常年变化形态。经勘查、测试分析 ,确定为新埋设的地下自来水金属管道干扰所致。     

Book Reviews

Yasemin Aysan, Andrew Clayton, Alistair Cory, Ian Davis and David Sanderson. Developing Building for Safety Programmes: Guidelines for Organizing Safe Building Improvement Programmes in Disaster-prone Areas
Y. Danieli, N.S. Rodley and L. Weisaeth. . International Responses to Traumatic Stress. Humanitarian, Human Rights, Justice, Peace and Development Contributions, Collaborative Actions and Future Initiatives
Sharon Hutchinson. Nuer Dilemmas: Coping with Money, War and the State
Michael Edwards and David Hulme. Non-Governmental Organisations Performance and Accountability: Beyond the Magic Bullet
Thomas E. Drabek. Disaster Evacuation Behavior: Tourists and Other Transients.
Jeremy Armon and Andy Carl. Accord–An International Review of Peace Initiatives: The Liberian Peace Process, 1990–1996
Peter J. May. Environmental Management and Governance: Intergovernmental Approaches to Hazards and Sustainability     

灰色GM(1,2,M,N)在地面沉降预测中的应用

通过分析地面沉降过程与地下水开采量之间可能存在的时滞性以及非线性关系,将原有的灰色GM(1,2)模型改进为灰色GM(1,2,M,N)模型。通过对天津市塘沽、汉沽以及大港三区的沉降实例进行计算,发现新的模型能够较好地拟合和预测历史沉降过程,并且预测结果合理。     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Disaster-Resistant Construction for Traditional Bush Houses: A Handbook of Guidelines , by Charles Boyle
Nuclear Risk Analysis in Comparative Perspective: The Impacts of Large-scale Risk Assessment in Five Countries , edited by Roger E. Kasperson and Jeanne X. Kasperson
The Chernobyl Accident and its Implications for the United Kingdom (Watt Committee on Energy Report No. 19), edited by Norman Worley and Jeffrey Lewins
Flight and Integration: Causes of Mass Exodus from Ethiopia and Problems of Integration in the Sudan , by Melkuria Bulcha
Drought Relief in Ethiopia: A practical guide for planning and management of feeding programmes , compiled by Judith Appleton