不对称大底板多塔楼隔震结构的地震响应分析

针对不对称大底板多塔楼隔震结构体系,通过建立地震响应的动力分析简化模型,推导出不对称大底板多塔楼隔震结构体系地震作用下的运动方程。对一实际的不对称大底板多塔楼隔震结构进行地震响应仿真分析,探讨塔楼质量偏心率和塔楼质量比对结构周期比、位移比和层剪力比的影响。结果显示,不对称大底板多塔楼隔震结构扭转角主要由隔震层产生;与不隔震结构相比,不对称大底板多塔楼隔震体系的扭转角减小,可取得较好的减震效果;塔楼与底板的位置分布和质量分布会影响体系的扭转效应和减震效果,应尽量使塔楼的质心与底板质心重合,塔楼质量分布均匀,以减小结构的扭转效应,提高减震效果。     

Nation‐building policies in Timor‐Leste: disaster risk reduction,including climate change adaptation

Few studies have explored the relationships between nation‐building, disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. Focusing on small island developing states, this paper examines nation‐building in Timor‐Leste, a small island developing state that recently achieved independence. Nation‐building in Timor‐Leste is explored in the context of disaster risk reduction, which necessarily includes climate change adaptation. The study presents a synopsis of Timor‐Leste's history and its nation‐building efforts as well as an overview of the state of knowledge of disaster risk reduction including climate change adaptation. It also offers an analysis of significant gaps and challenges in terms of vertical and horizontal governance, large donor presence, data availability and the integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation for nation‐building in Timor‐Leste. Relevant and applicable lessons are provided from other small island developing states to assist Timor‐Leste in identifying its own trajectory out of underdevelopment while it builds on existing strengths.     

Earthquake hazard and vulnerability in the northeastern Mediterranean: the Corinth earthquake sequence of February-March 1981

Population density, building type and earthquake magnitude are the main factors on which the total building damage following an earthquake depend. For the Greece - Turkey region quantitative relations between these factors have been developed, which, in spite of the inaccuracies in the available data, allow crude estimates of the damage following a particular size earthquake to be made. This is demonstrated retrospectively for the Gulf of Corinth earthquakes in 1981.     

Quantitative assessment of post‐disaster housing recovery: a case study of Punta Gorda,Florida, after Hurricane Charley

Quantitative assessment of post‐disaster housing recovery is critical to enhancing understanding of the process and improving the decisions that shape it. Nevertheless, few comprehensive empirical evaluations of post‐disaster housing recovery have been conducted, and no standard measurement methods exist. This paper presents a quantitative assessment of housing recovery in Punta Gorda, Florida, United States, following Hurricane Charley of August 2004, including an overview of the phases of housing recovery, progression of recovery over time, alternative trajectories of recovery, differential recovery, incorporation of mitigation, and effect on property sales. The assessment is grounded in a conceptual framework that considers the recovery of both people and place, and that emphasises recovery as a process, not as an endpoint. Several data sources are integrated into the assessment—including building permits, remotely sensed imagery, and property appraiser data—and their strengths and limitations are discussed with a view to developing a standardised method for measuring and monitoring housing recovery.     

向性能化防火规范转变应注意的几个问题

介绍了性能化建筑防火规范产生的背景以及国内外的发展概况。在对国外一些性能化经验进行总结的基础上,重点从建筑物防火安全水平的量化、性能化设计的不确定性、性能化设计方案的验证以及性能化文件的编制和性能化建筑设计、施工到使用各个环节的连续性等方面,讨论了从处方式防火规范向性能化防火规范转变时应该注意的几个问题。结合中国的具体情况,指出其在发展性能化规范中应着力解决的几个问题:正确处理处方式规范和性能化规范两者的关系;积极推动消防相关产品的发展;解决资金来源,加大经费投入;制定工程惯例或设计导则等。     

深软土场地上高层住宅的地震安全性问题

现代城市建设中高层住宅建在深软土场地上是难以完全避免的。因深软土场地上的高层住宅易遭震害,地震安全性问题应予充分重视。建议将高层住宅建设工程列入需作“工程场地地震安全性评价”之列,高层住宅的防震减灾宜从城市建设规划着手,针对高层住宅易遭震害的动力学特性等采取相应对策。     

液化地区房屋震害预测

本文研究与液化区房屋震害预测有关的四个问题.对液化区房屋震害资料和经验进行了分析.给出了测定土壤震陷特性的标准试验方法,获得了各种土壤的震陷参数.提出了估计房屋震陷的简化分析方法.在这些工作的基础上,建立了一个预测液化区房屋震害的方法.     

高层建筑结构在地震和风作用下的可靠度分析

作者基于等效风谱理论，给出了高层建筑结构在风荷载作用下可靠度分析的方法。在给定层间位移允许值时，对高层建筑结构在使用期限内在地震和风作用下的可靠度进行了比较研究。本文还探讨了高层建筑结构在地震和风联合作用下的可靠度问题。     

地震中造成建筑物毁损的耦合效应

通过对北川地震灾区损毁建筑物的实地调查,指出震区建筑物毁损是由地质背景条件、建设场区地基土特性及建筑施工技术等多种因素的耦合效应造成的.地震诱发滑坡、崩塌、砂七液化等次生地质灾害造成建筑物场区失稳、失效,是震区建筑物毁损的重要原因.震区房屋毁损的特点是砖混结构和复杂建筑破坏严重,框架结构房屋和建筑幕墙等其他建筑破坏各有特点.在综合分析使建筑物毁损的耦合效应的基础上,提出了提高震区设防烈度、科学选址及吸收国内外先进抗震经验的思路,为灾后重建工作积累科学资料.     

基于MS模型的剪力墙-核心筒结构的高层建筑三维非线性动力破坏分析

采用非线性多弹簧弹塑性有限元模型,对我国一座最高的民用超高层钢筋混凝土剪力墙—核心筒结构进行了非线性地震响应破坏分析。通过分级加载分析了不同地震烈度下超高层建筑从弹性、塑性直至失效的结构内力和变形的整个过程,并采用静力Push O ver方法和1/50比尺的振动台模型试验进行了破坏分析。结果表明超高层建筑的最薄弱位置在1/2到2/3之间高度处。非线性数值分析的结果和振动台模型破坏试验现象符合一致。     

火灾烟气中有毒气体的体积分数分布与危害

研究火灾烟气的成分与其体积分数分布是火灾科学的一项重要内容。为了更好地研究建筑火灾烟气的释放过程并为建筑材料评价提供依据，采用文献综述的方法论述了建筑火灾烟气的主要有毒成分、体积分数范围(即浓度范围)与危险含量(即危险浓度)，还介绍了常用的烟气分析方法，说明了对火灾烟气的产生机理和火灾烟气成分的检测方法等还需要进行深入的研究。     

高层建筑火灾最佳疏散路线的确定

高层建筑发生火灾后，在现场情况比较复杂的情况下，尽快地选择一条既安全、疏散时间又短的疏散路线，是室内人员快速、安全撤离火场的重要保障。在应用高层建筑火灾全风网网络模拟软件HRBFS模拟火灾时建筑物内烟流体积分数的基础上，结合当时人员的分布情况，提出了最佳疏散路线的算法。     

Exploring the feasibility of private micro flood insurance provision in Bangladesh

This paper aims to contribute to the debate on the feasibility of the provision of micro flood insurance as an effective tool for spreading disaster risks in developing countries and examines the role of the institutional-organisational framework in assisting the design and implementation of such a micro flood insurance market. In Bangladesh, a private insurance market for property damage and livelihood risk due to natural disasters does not exist. Private insurance companies are reluctant to embark on an evidently unprofitable venture. Testing two different institutional-organisational models, this research reveals that the administration costs of micro-insurance play an important part in determining the long-term viability of micro flood insurance schemes. A government-facilitated process to overcome the differences observed in this study between the nonprofit micro-credit providers and profit-oriented private insurance companies is needed, building on the particular competence each party brings to the development of a viable micro flood insurance market through a public-private partnership.     

Transitional coordination in Sudan (2006–08): lessons from the United Nations Resident Coordinator's Office

With the increase in internal conflicts following the end of the Cold War, the scale and scope of the United Nations' work in conflict and post‐conflict environments grew markedly. As a result, the coordination of programming and policy in the transition from relief to recovery has been a central preoccupation of academics and practitioners alike. Intergovernmental bodies such as the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) have made these topics a subject of regular discussion, while some countries have altered their bureaucratic structures to respond more effectively in post‐crisis settings, particularly in cases involving the deployment of national troops. The United Nations Resident Coordinator's Office in Sudan provides a model for other transitional countries and is a useful case study of the broader challenges of post‐crisis programming. Effective coordination structures and planning/programming processes are identified as interdependent prerequisites for ensuring a successful transition from relief to recovery.     

台风作用下建筑结构的可靠性评估

台风灾害是给人类造成严重危害的自然灾害之一,台风作用下受灾害最重的往往是沿海广阔的农村地区,本文针对低层建筑结构物,分析了台风造成的危害;分析了台风发生的频率,强度与全球地面平均气温之间的相关关系,统计分的分析了９０１５号与９７１１号台风资料,分别得出它们的风速概率分布与低层建筑结构物的荷载效应概率分布,运用有限元计算和实验比较的方法,得出了三层砖混结构建筑物的抗侧力效应概率分布,最后,利用结构可     

Compliance with the building byelaws and earthquake safety in urban areas of Bihar: progress,constraints and challenges

The adoption and enforcement of building codes is considered the most effective tool in safeguarding lives and property against earthquakes. There would appear to be a vital regulatory role for government in the enforcement of building codes, but this is somewhat at odds with the neoliberal agenda of ‘rolling back the state’. This paper explores constraints to the implementation of building codes in the context of changing roles and responsibilities of local authorities in Bihar in India. In-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders across major urban centres in north Bihar. Some factors, such as: code complexity; competition between the public and private sectors for qualified personnel; and low public risk perception were found to be less significant in Bihar than has been noted elsewhere, while other factors such as: the cost of earthquake-resistant measures; political interests; corrupt practices; and lack of government capacity were important. Additional factors were also revealed by the research, some of which are exacerbated by the neoliberal climate of urban governance. While the recent 2014 byelaws represent an improvement in the system and a degree of re-regulation, ambiguities create opportunities for failures arising from ‘normalised irresponsibility’.     

建筑火灾危险性评估性能方法基本框架研究

以性能化建筑设计防火规范为背景,以现阶段消防安全工程学的实际发展水平和我国现行指令性建筑设计防火规范为基本出发点。初步建立了建筑火灾危险性评估性能化方法的基本框架,确定了这一框架所应具有的基本假定。主要特性、主要功能和三角形模块结构,并系统阐述了相应评估方法的基本内容。     

建筑防火性能化评估目标研究

依据已建立的建筑防火性能化评估方法总体框架。着重对建筑防火性能化评估目标的确定开展了研究，并从社会评估目标，功能评估目标和性能评估目标三个层次建立了建筑防火性能化评估目标的递阶层次结构。     

基于高分辨率卫星影像的建筑物轮廓矢量化技术

高分辨率卫星影像包含着地表目标丰富的形状结构和纹理信息 ,使其成为城市研究的重要数据源。建筑物作为城市区域的主体单元 ,其轮廓的矢量信息在城市研究中有着重要的应用价值。二值点阵图的矢量化是图像处理的一个重要课题 ,现有的矢量化方法在提取建筑物轮廓信息时都存在局限性。本文针对矩形建筑物的轮廓矢量化提取技术 ,提出了一种新的基于角点识别和定位的矢量化方法。该方法自动提取建筑物二值图上的轮廓点 ,而后进行以基础点为划分点列组合依据的处理 ,再采用最小二乘法进行分段线性拟合 ,其中关键步骤就是如何准确识别参与拟合的轮廓点群。实验结果证明用该方法提取矩形建筑物轮廓具有运算速度快、效率高、精度满足实际应用需要等优点 ,有较好的实用价值。     

发展中国家灾害经济的特点、成因及对策

发展中国家人口众多,经济技术落后,酱稀缺,抗灾能力低,防灾意识不强,加多不合理经济活动对环境的过度干预以及发达国家转嫁环境灾害和社会危机,致使发展中国家产生灾害的潜在因素日益增加,灾害的成灾损失越来越严重,灾害对经济发展的影响与经济因素对灾害的影响都在日益加深,形成恶性循环。本文从经济学角度提出了防灾减灾就采取的主要对策。