Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
HUNGER and DISEASE: STUDIES BY THE JEWISH PHYSICIANS IN THE WARSA W GHETTO:Myron Winick, John Yudkin
BOTSWANA SOCIETY(1979) SYMPOSWM ON DROUGHT IN BOTSWANA:Randall Baker
SANITA TION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES:Ken Grant
EARTHSHOCK
AUXILIARIES IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE:Christine Hogg
THE U.S. GOVERNMENT FOREIGN DISASTER ASSISTANCE PROGRAM. WASHINGTON, D.C.
THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN INTERNATIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
LANDUSEAND DEVELOPMENT, AFRICAN ENVIROMENT SPECIAL REPOR T 5 edited by Phil O'Keefe and Ben Wisner
THE BENEFITS OF FLOOD ALLEVIA TION - A MANUAL OF ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES by Edmund C. Penning-Rowsell and John B. Chatterton
THE ORGAMSA TIONAL and INTERORGANISA TIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF DISASTERS B. A. Turner
RESPONSE TO SOCIAL CRISIS and DISASTER E. L. Quarantelli and R. R. Dynes
ANOTHER DEVELOPMENT: APPROACHES and STRATEGIES edited by Marc Nerfin
UNDRO - DISASTER PREVENTION and MITIGATION A COMPENDIUM OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE
ESCAP/WMO/LRCS - GUIDELINES FOR DISASTER PREVENTION and PREPAREDNESS IN TROPICAL CYCLONE AREAS
DISASTERS, VOLUME II, Nos. 2 and 3 SHELTER AFTER DISASTER by Ian Davis
DELIVERY OF MENTAL HEAL TH SER VICES IN DISASTERS THE XENIA TORNADO and SOME IMPLICA TIONS by V.A. Taylor C.A. Ross and E. L. Quarantelli.
INFLUENZA: THE LAST GREAT PLAGUE by W.I.B. Beveridge     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Preventing Famine: Policies and Prospects for Africa, edited by Donald Curtis, Michael Hubbard and Andrew Shepherd.
Coping with Drought in Kenya: National and Local Strategies, by Thomas E. Downing, Kangethe W. Gitu and Crispin M. Kamau.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION - A COMPENDIUM OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE
DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGA TION: A COMPENDIUM OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE
RISK ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD by R.W. Kates and AN INTERA CTIVE MODELING S YSTEM FOR DISASTER POLICY ANALYSIS by H. Kunreuther, J. Lepare, L. Miller, J. Vinso, J. Wilson, B. Borkan, B. Duffy and N. Katz.
MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARD, RESEARCH NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES Robert W. Kates, Editor     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Chernobyl: Law and Communication. Transboundary Nuclear Air Pollution – The Legal Materials , edited by Philippe Sands.
At the Desert's Edge: Oral Histories from the Sahel , edited by Nigel Cross and Rhiannon Barker.
Famine and Survival Strategies: A Case Study from Northeast Ethiopia , by Dessalegn Rahmato.
Multilingual Dictionary of Disaster Medicine and International Relief by S. W. A. Gunn.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
The Political Economy of Hunger. Volume I: Entitlement and Wellbeing. Volume 11: Famine Prevention. Volume III: Endemic Hunger, edited by Jean Drèze and Amartya Sen
Surviving Drought and Development: Ariaal Pastoralists of Northern Kenya, by Elliot Fratkin
Hazard Management and Emergency Planning: Perspectives on Britain, edited by Dennis J. Parker and John W. Handmer, James and James Science Publishers Ltd
Resettlement and Famine in Ethiopia: The Villagers' Experience by Alula Pankhurst.
Restoring the Land: Environment and Change in Post-Apartheid South Africa , edited by Mamphela Ramphele with Chris McDowell     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Environmental Threats , edited by Jennifer Brown.
Evaluating Social Development Projects , edited by David Marsden and Peter Oakley.
Towards Economic Recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa: Essays in Honour of Robert Gardiner , edited by James Pickett and Hans Singer.
Disasters and Disaster Stress , by A.J.W. Taylor.     

Reviews

David Turton War and Ethnicity — Global Connections and Local Violence
Hugh W. Stephens The Texas City Disaster, 1947
Christopher G. Newhall and Raymundo S. Punongbayan Fire and Mud: Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinafubo, Philippines
MThomas G. Weiss and Leon Gardenker NGOs, the UN and Global Governance
D. Apter The Legitimization of Violence
James K. Boyce Economic Policy for Building Peace: The Lessons of El Salvador
Christine Kinealy A Death-Dealing Famine: The Great Hunger in Ireland     

Treatment of Heavy Oil Contaminated Sand by Microwave Energy

Abstract Microwave (MW) was applied to enhance the removal of heavy oil (diesel and marine fuels) from contaminated sandy soil using granular activated carbon (GAC) as the dielectric medium. Adding GAC to the surface layer of the sand containing diesel fuel or marine fuel and subjecting the soil to 700 W MW irradiation for 30?s led to better removal efficiencies than without GAC addition by 9.5% (92.5% vs. 83%) for diesel fuel, and 11.5% (89.5% vs. 78%) for marine fuel. Additionally, GAC is an excellent MW absorbing material for converting MW energy into thermal energy. When GAC is added as the dielectric medium to convert the MW energy, the soil temperature rose from 52°C to 64°C, because the heat was transferred from GAC to the soil through GAC–soil interface. Meanwhile, volatile gas contained in the soil passes through the soil-GAC interface to reach the high-temperature GAC where the heavy oil is thermally cracked.     

气候因素对沙尘天气影响的模型研究

气候因素是影响沙尘天气发生的必要条件,到目前为止,用定量模型研究气候因素对沙尘天气的影响还比较欠缺,针对这一情况,利用风速、降水、蒸发量、相对湿度和大风日数基本气象资料,提出了风速影响指数W和土壤湿度指数H,并给出了相应的指标计算方法,在此基础上建立了影响沙尘天气的气候影响指数D模型.同时选取了北京大兴、怀柔、门头沟、顺义四个区气象台站的气象资料(1961-1990年)进行模型应用,结果表明气候影响指数D和沙尘天气发生频率S有较好的线性相关性,与McTainsh的模型进行对比发现,该模型评价气候因素对沙尘天气影响作用的效果较显著.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Famine and Food Security in Africa and Asia: Indigenous Response and External Intervention to Avoid Hunger, edited by Hans G. Bohle, Terry Cannon, Graeme Hugo and Fouad N. Ibrahim. When the Grass is Gone: Development Interventions in African Arid Lands, edited by P.T.W. Baxter. Survival Strategies and External Interventions in a Semi-arid Region at the Kenya/Uganda Border: Western Pokot, 1900–86, by Ton Dietz. Global Warming: Who is Taking the Heat?, by G. Foley     

考虑降雨入渗的非饱和边坡稳定分析

分析了降雨入渗的边坡稳定问题,通过正交实验确定饱和-非饱和渗流计算参数。采用SEEP/W计算饱和-非饱和渗流,利用SLOPE/W模块计算树坪滑坡在降雨入渗情况下的安全系数。     

Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air at Four Residential Locations in Seoul, Korea

To investigate the environmental behavior of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban areas, their concentrations were measured at four urban monitoring sites (namely, N, S, E, and W) in Seoul, Korea (February to December 2009). A total of 27 compounds were quantified that consist of four chemical groups: aromatic (AR), halogenated aromatic, halogenated paraffin, and halogenated olefin. Results were evaluated by focusing on these four functional groups just mentioned and their summation term as total VOC (TVOC) along with several individual species (mainly AR species, that is, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene). The highest concentration of chemical groups was found from AR (71.1±42.1?ppbC), while that for individual species confirmed the dominance of toluene (7.48±3.88?ppb). The analysis of spatial distribution indicated that high TVOC levels were recorded at sites N and W, while it was not so significant such as S and E in terms of TVOC budget. Seasonal variation of these VOCs was characterized by the peak values in December to reflect the combined effects of pronounced source activities and meteorological conditions. Analysis of spatial variations in VOC levels between the four urban sites indicated that their distributions are tightly affected by local source processes in each area.     

近距双线盾构隧道开挖诱发地层变形演变规律及数值模拟

双线平行隧道盾构施工相互扰动作用对其诱发的地层变形分布特征和演变规律影响显著。以某地铁双线盾构隧道工程为例,考虑双线平行隧道间距与盾构施工相互作用影响,采用数值模拟和现场实测相结合的方法对双线平行隧道盾构施工引起的地层变形演变规律进行了对比分析,并提出了考虑近远距状态的双线平行隧道盾构施工地层变形预测模型。研究结果表明,双线盾构隧道施工地层竖向变形曲线由“V”形发展为非对称“W”形分布,沉降槽宽度由6D扩大为10D,地层深度越深非对称“双峰”特征越明显;地层水平变形曲线以两隧道中线为轴线呈反对称分布,两隧道间区域土体变形受施工扰动影响显著;地表沉降曲线分布随双线隧道近远距变化由深“V”形—浅“V”形—“U”形—浅“W”形—深“W”形—两独立“V”形演变,采用L cr=2CKH可作为双线平行盾构隧道近远距状态临界判据,本文提出的预测模型能较好地反映近远距状态及施工相互扰动对双线平行隧道盾构施工地层变形的影响规律。研究成果可为类似地铁隧道盾构施工变形预测与精细化控制提供科学参考。     

基于关键区海温的华南香蕉寒害长期预报模型探讨

根据华南地区10个代表站点1961-2005年的气候资料、海温资料、历史灾情记录对华南香蕉寒害长期预报模型进行了研究。结果表明,构造的华南香蕉寒害指数与前人研究和历史灾情记录吻合,可以代表华南香蕉寒害的强弱。通过相关分析,找出了影响华南冬季寒害的前期夏季海温关键区为（5°S~5°N,170°~120°W）、（50°~60°N,180°~140°W）、（20°~30°N,140°~110°W）、（30°~40°N,140°~150°E）、（40°~50°N,150°~170°E）,关键区海温对华南冬季寒害影响具有明确的物理意义。利用逐步回归分析,以关键区海温为自变量建立了华南香蕉寒害长期预报模型。其中1961-1990年的数据用于建模,1991-2004年数据用于模型检验。模型拟合准确率和预报准确率均高于88%,这表明此模型具有较高的精度。     

W_q方法及σ_H方法在华东地区中强震预报中的应用

应用两种描述地震活动平静的特征参数Wq 和σH 对华东地区 1972年以来ML≥ 2 .3地震进行时空扫描。结果表明 :Wq 在华东地区大多数M >5地震之前均出现 1年左右或稍长时间的平静异常 ,震中一般在平静异常区的边缘或内部。对Wq 空间异常区σH 的时间扫描在某些地区也能够较好地显示1年左右的平静异常。这可能说明了地震活动平静也是中强地震的一种中短期预报指标     

海安地电台极区金属管道干扰的测试和分析

1999年 6月 5～ 8日海安地震台地电N6 0°E测向为ρs 值异常升幅 2 % ,而N30°W、N70°W两测向 ρs 值均处于正常年变化形态。经勘查、测试分析 ,确定为新埋设的地下自来水金属管道干扰所致。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Tim Dyson, Population and Food: Global Trends and Future Prospects
R. S. J. Sparks, M. I. Bursik, S. N. Carey, J. S. Gilbert, L. S. Glaze, H. Sigurdsson and A. W. Woods, Volcanic Plumes
Jasper Becker, Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine
Dali L. Yang, Calamity and Reform in China: State, Rural Society and Institutional Change Since the Great Leap Forward     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
RECONSTRUCTION AFTER DISASTER J. E. Haas, R. W. Kates and M. I. Bonder (Editors)
THE POLITICS OF NATURAL DISASTER: THE CASE OF THESAHEL DROUGHT Michael H. Glantz (Editor)
OUTER LIMITS and HUMAN NEEDS: RESOUR CES and ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES William H. Matthews (Editor)
HEALTH IN THE THIRD WORLD: STUDIES FROM VIETNAM Joan K. McMichael (Editor)
MANUAL FOR DISASTER RELIEF WORK Muriel Skeet     

W参数及其在华北几次大震的强余震预测中的应用

本文从韦布尔(Weibull)分布λ_(t)=λ_0t~(P-1)出发,推导了表示地震时间序列特征的W参数,并对华北地区1966年邢台(Ms)6.8级,1975年海城(Ms)7.3级和1976年唐山(Ms)7.8级地震的序列资料进行了处理:当W值低于平均水平时可认为是强余震前兆信息的开始;当W值接近或低于警界线σ_时,很可能有强余震发生。W-t曲线与强余震对应结果较好。邢台、海城及唐山强余震的对应结果监定评分分别为:R=0.680,R=0.517及R=0.532,表明用W参数预测华北几次大震的强余震效果是比较显著的。