The Henry's law coefficient of 2-nitrophenol over the temperature range 278-303 K

Although 2-nitrophenol has been identified as an important environmental chemical there is scarcity in the literature regarding the temperature dependence of its Henry's law coefficient, H. Here a bubble purge method was used to measure H for 2-nitrophenol over the temperature range 278-303 K. A novel approach in the data treatment allowed correction of the data for non-equilibrium partitioning in the apparatus to obtain the true equilibrium H value. The experimentally derived temperature-dependent expression for H of 2-nitrophenol is lnH (M atm(-1)) = (6290/T (K)) - 16.6. The standard enthalpy and entropy of gas-to-liquid transfer for 2-nitrophenol in aqueous solution are -52.3 +/- 8.1 kJ mol(-1) and -138 +/- 28 J mol(-1) K(-1), respectively. (Errors are 95% confidence intervals.)     

花生壳活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性

以花生壳为原料,氯化锌为活化剂制备花生壳活性炭,采用高分辨电子扫描电镜(SEM)和氮吸脱附曲线对花生壳活性炭进行了表征.从热力学和动力学的角度,研究了花生壳活性炭对亚甲基蓝溶液的吸附行为.热力学研究表明,花生壳活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,该吸附是自发吸热过程,吸附自由能为-52.4017～-95.1765 kJ/mol,吸附熵变为214 J/(mol·K),吸附焓变为57.49796 kJ/mol.动力学研究表明,花生壳活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合二级反应动力学方程反应特征.     

基于过碳酸钠的类Fenton体系对亚甲基蓝的降解动力学

采用改良低温结晶法制备过碳酸钠(sodium percarbonate,SPC),对其进行XRD表征,并用以作为氧化剂构建类Fenton体系(SPC/Fe2+)降解亚甲基蓝(MB),对其降解的影响因素及反应动力学进行了研究。结果表明,在该体系中,当溶液初始pH分别为2~10时,亚甲基蓝的去除率在1 min时均可达到97%以上,说明该体系可高效去除水体中的亚甲基蓝,反应速率快,且过碳酸钠的使用可以拓宽Fenton反应的pH范围。该反应的最佳工艺条件为0.75 g·L-1硫酸亚铁,300 mg·L-1过碳酸钠,亚甲基蓝去除率在反应10 min后可达99.0%。亚甲基蓝在该体系中的降解遵循二级反应动力学方程,反应速率常数分别为64.50×10-3 L·(mol·s)-1,快于Fenton体系的17.83×10-3 L·(mol·s)-1。该体系反应活化能为16.6 kJ·mol-1,远小于Fenton体系(46.234 kJ·mol-1),说明以过碳酸钠为氧化剂更有利于非均相类Fenton反应的发生。     

Kinetic assessment of the potassium ferrate(VI) oxidation of antibacterial drug sulfamethoxazole

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a worldwide-applied antibacterial drug, was recently found in surface waters and in secondary wastewater effluents, which may result in ecotoxical effects in the environment. Herein, removal of SMX by environmentally-friendly oxidant, potassium ferrate(VI) (K(2)FeO(4)), is sought by studying the kinetics of the reaction between Fe(VI) and SMX as a function of pH (6.93-9.50) and temperature (15-45 degrees C). The rate law for the oxidation of SMX by Fe(VI) is first-order with respect to each reactant. The observed second-order rate constant decreased non-linearly from 1.33+/-0.08 x 10(3) M(-1)s(-1) to 1.33+/-0.10 x 10(0) M(-1)s(-1) with an increase of pH from 7.00 to 9.50. This is related to protonation of Fe(VI) (HFeO(4)(-) <==> H(+) + FeO(4)(2-); pK(a,HFeO(4)) = 7.23) and sulfamethoxazole (SH <==> H(+) + S(-); pK(a,SH)=5.7). The estimated rate constants were k(11)(HFeO(4)(-) + SH) = 3.0 x 10(4) M(-1)s(-1), k(12)(HFeO(4)(-) + S(-)) = 1.7 x 10(2) M(-1)s(-1), and k(13) (FeO(4)(2-) + SH) = 1.2 x 10(0) M(-1)s(-1). The energy of activation at pH 7.0 was found to be 1.86+/-0.04 kJ mol(-1). If excess potassium ferrate(VI) concentration (10 microM) is used than the SMX in water, the half-life of the reaction using a rate constant obtained in our study would be approximately 2 min at pH 7. The reaction rates are pH dependent; thus, so are the half-lives of the reactions. The results suggest that K(2)FeO(4) has the potential to serve as an oxidative treatment chemical for removing SMX in water.     

一株产絮酵母菌废菌体对Cd2+的吸附特性

将一株产絮酵母菌(编号B-02号)发酵后的废菌体制成生物吸附剂,研究该生物吸附剂对废水中Cd2+的生物吸附特性。结果表明:(1)pH值对Cd2+会产生较大的影响,偏酸性(pH=4～6)条件利于吸附;该吸附剂对Cd2+吸附速率较快,8～10 min就可达到吸附平衡;(2)吸附剂的吸附动力学符合二级动力学模型,吸附Cd2+的实验数据对Langmuir等温式的拟合情况良好,吸附剂吸附Cd2+的最大吸附量为70.752 mg/g。用0.5 mol/L HNO3对吸附Cd2+的酵母菌进行解吸,解吸率可达89.7%。     

Biosorption of strontium from aqueous solution by fungus Aspergillus terreus

INTRODUCTION: The biosorption characteristics of strontium ions using fungus Aspergillus terreus were investigated. Experimental parameters affecting the biosorption process such as pH, contact time, initial metal concentration, and temperature were studied. MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION: Fungus A. terreus exhibited the highest strontium uptake capacity at 15°C at an initial strontium ion concentration of 876 mg L(-1) and an initial pH of 9. Biosorption capacity increased from 219 to 308 mg g(-1) with a decrease in temperature from 45°C to 15°C at this initial strontium concentration. The equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir adsorption model in the concentration range of strontium ions and at all the temperatures studied. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of the experimental data in terms of biosorption dynamics showed that the biosorption of strontium onto fungus followed the pseudo-second-order dynamics well (R(2)?>?0.985). The calculated thermodynamics parameters (-1.64?相似文献   

Overexpression of LCT1 in tobacco enhances the protective action of calcium against cadmium toxicity

Wheat cDNA LCT1, a nonspecific transporter for Ca2+, Cd2+, Na+ and K+, was overexpressed in tobacco. Transformants were tested for their sensitivity to a range of Ca2+-concentrations [0.01-10 mM Ca(NO3)2] with or without the presence of 0.05 mM Cd(NO3)2. Calcium and cadmium accumulation was also determined. LCT1-transformed plants expressed a phenotype distinct from controls only under conditions of low calcium (0.01-1 mM Ca2+). They grew significantly better and had slightly higher shoot calcium concentration. Transformants subjected to 0.05 mM Cd(NO3)2 in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+ displayed a substantially higher level of tolerance to cadmium and accumulated less Cd in roots. These results are the first to demonstrate the involvement of LCT1 in calcium acquisition and in the regulation of amelioration of Cd-toxicity by calcium.     

A laser flash photolysis study of the decay of SO4- and Cl2- radical anions in the presence of Cl- in aqueous solutions

The rate constant for the reaction of sulphate radical (SO4-) with Cl- has been determined using laser photolysis, at 248 nm, of peroxodisulphate anions to produce the radicals and time resolved optical absorption of the transient species (at 450 or 480 nm for SO4- and 350 nm for Cl2-) for the kinetic determinations. The experiments were performed, in the absence of added sulphate, as a function of temperature and ionic strength and yielded (at an ionic strength of 0.0157 M): kIV = (9.90+/-0.16) x 10(9) exp((-7.12+/-2.0) kJ mol(-1)/RT) M(-1) s(-1), where the errors reflect the 2sigma statistical error. This reaction produces Cl2-, the formation and decay of which were also monitored allowing a determination of the rate constant of its second-order self-recombination reaction which gave k = (6.50+/-1.40) x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1) at 293 K and zero ionic strength.     

FeCl3-柠檬酸对土壤中Pb和Cd淋洗动力学特征

采集辽宁省某锌厂周边农田耕作层（0~20 cm）土壤样品,以FeCl3-柠檬酸为淋洗剂,研究在不同pH、温度和离子强度的实验条件下,其对土壤中Pb和Cd的淋洗动力学特征及淋洗机理。结果表明,在实验条件下,随淋洗时间延长,土壤中Cd、Pb的淋洗量不断增加,Pb、Cd的淋洗过程可分为快速反应阶段、慢速反应阶段和解吸平衡阶段;当pH=3、4、5和6,温度为25、35和45℃,离子强度为0.01、0.05、0.2和0.5 mol·L-1时,描述土壤中Pb、Cd淋洗动力学过程时Elovich方程（R2=0.787 0~0.994 8,SE=0.000 2~0.024 2）均优于双常数方程（R2=0.819 2~0.995 5,SE=0.007 6~0.294 5）优于一级动力学方程（R2=0.219 8~0.632 1,SE=0.052 9~0.815 5）,说明在不同环境条件下,该淋洗动力学过程为非均相扩散过程;随pH（6~3,pH=5除外）降低、温度（25~45℃）升高和CaCl2浓度（0.01~0.5 mol·L-1）升高,Pb、Cd淋洗量均增大。     

Temperature dependencies of Henry's law constants and octanol/water partition coefficients for key plant volatile monoterpenoids

To model the emission dynamics and changes in fractional composition of monoterpenoids from plant leaves, temperature dependencies of equilibrium coefficients must be known. Henry's law constants (H(pc), Pa m3 mol(-1) and octanol/water partition coefficients (K(OW), mol mol(-1)) were determined for 10 important plant monoterpenes at physiological temperature ranges (25-50 degrees C for H(pc) and 20-50 degrees C for K(OW)). A standard EPICS procedure was established to determine H(pc) and a shake flask method was used for the measurements of K(OW). The enthalpy of volatilization (deltaH(vol)) varied from 18.0 to 44.3 kJ mol(-1) among the monoterpenes, corresponding to a range of temperature-dependent increase in H(pc) between 1.3- and 1.8-fold per 10 degrees C rise in temperature. The enthalpy of water-octanol phase change varied from -11.0 to -23.8 kJ mol(-1), corresponding to a decrease of K(OW) between 1.15- and 1.32-fold per 10 degrees C increase in temperature. Correlations among physico-chemical characteristics of a wide range of monoterpenes were analyzed to seek the ways of derivation of H(pc) and K(OW) values from other monoterpene physico-chemical characteristics. H(pc) was strongly correlated with monoterpene saturated vapor pressure (P(v)), and for lipophilic monoterpenes, deltaH(vol) scaled positively with the enthalpy of vaporization that characterizes the temperature dependence of P(v) Thus, P(v) versus temperature relations may be employed to derive the temperature relations of H(pc) for these monoterpenes. These data collectively indicate that monoterpene differences in H(pc) and K(OW) temperature relations can importantly modify monoterpene emissions from and deposition on plant leaves.     

氢氧化铝胶体对2,2′,4,4′-四溴联苯醚的吸附

溴代阻燃剂多溴联苯醚（polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs）是一种被广泛使用的阻燃剂,其对神经、甲状腺、肝脏等具有潜在毒性。其中,2,2′,4,4′-四溴联苯醚（BDE-47）作为一种重要单体,在环境介质中被广泛检出。胶体是环境中污染物迁移过程中的重要载体,它对有机污染物在土壤-地下水系统中的迁移有不可忽略的影响。开展典型无机胶体氢氧化铝胶体对BDE-47的吸附动力学和吸附热力学研究,以期为BDE-47在土壤-地下水中的迁移提供理论依据。结果表明：Sips等温吸附方程对该吸附过程拟合效果最佳（R2adj=0.943 94）,计算得出氢氧化铝胶体对BDE-47的饱和吸附量为609.37 mg·g-1;吸附动力学实验结果显示,准二级反应动力学方程拟合氢氧化铝胶体对BDE-47吸附反应过程最佳（R2adj>0.95）,同时该吸附反应速率随BDE-47浓度的升高逐渐减小;Van’t Hoff方程拟合表明,吸附热力学参数标准反应焓变△H0 =40.506 kJ·mol-1、标准反应熵变△S0 =0.075 7 kJ·（mol·K）-1,标准反应吉布斯自由能△G0 （298 K）=17.98 kJ·mol-1。此外,反应体系的pH和阳离子种类及浓度均会影响氢氧化铝胶体对BDE-47的吸附过程。     

Behaviour and biodegradation of sulfonamides (p-TSA, o-TSA, BSA) during drinking water treatment

Three sulfonamides -para-toluenesulfonamide (p-TSA), ortho-toluenesulfonamide (o-TSA) and benzenesulfonamide (BSA) - have recently been detected in groundwater within a catchment area of one drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), which is located downstream of a former sewage farm. The degradation pathways of p-TSA, o-TSA and BSA were investigated during drinking water treatment with incubation experiments and an experimental filter. Incubation experiments showed that p-TSA is removed during the treatment by microbiological processes. Removal of p-TSA is performed by adapted microorganisms only present in polluted groundwater. The elimination in an experimental filter of 1.6m length applying filtration velocities from 2 to 6 m h(-1) was approximately 93% of p-TSA. The microbial degradation rates in the incubation experiment were approximately 0.029 microg l(-1) h(-1) (zero order reaction). In the experimental filter, the reaction rate constants were around 0.0063 s(-1) for all filtration velocities (1st order reaction). Drinking water treatment does not reduce the concentration of o-TSA and BSA under conditions encountered in Berlin. p-TSA, o-TSA and BSA were only measured in the low microg l(-1) concentrations range in the purified water.     

Bioavailability and mass balance studies of a commercial pentabromodiphenyl ether mixture in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Cyanogenic glycosides are common plant toxins. Toxic hydrogen cyanide originating from cyanogenic glycosides may affect soil processes and water quality. In this study, hydrolysis, degradation and sorption of dhurrin (4-hydroxymandelonitrile-beta-d-glucoside) produced by sorghum has been studied in order to assess its fate in soil. The log K(ow) of dhurrin was -1.18+/-0.08 (22 degrees C). Hydrolysis was a first-order reaction with respect to dhurrin and hydroxyl ion concentrations. Half lives ranged from 1.2h (pH 8.6; 25 degrees C) to 530d (pH 4; 25 degrees C). The activation energy of hydrolysis was 112+9kJ. At pH 5.8 and room temperature, addition of humic acids (50gl(-1)) increased the rate of hydrolysis tenfold, while addition of kaolinite or goethite (100-250gl(-1)) both decreased the rate considerably. No significant sorption to soil components could be observed. The degradation rates of dhurrin in top and subsoils of Oxisols, Ultisols, Alfisols and Mollisols were studied at 22 degrees C (25mgl(-1), soil:liquid 1:1 (w:V), pH 3.8-8.1). Half-lives were 0.25-2h for topsoils, and 5-288h in subsoils. Hydrolysis in solution explained up to 45% of the degradation in subsoils whereas the contribution in topsoils was less than 14%, indicating the importance of enzymatic degradation processes. The highest risk of dhurrin leaching will take place when the soil is a low activity acid shallow soil with low content of clay minerals, iron oxides and humic acids.     

The adsorption of benzene and methylethylketone onto activated carbon: thermodynamic aspects.

The adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), exemplified by benzene and methylethylketone (MEK), onto seven different types of activated carbon was investigated. Results show that for benzene adsorption the adsorption characteristic energy, enthalpy, free energy and entropy are in the range 17.12-36.86, -20.8 to -44.7, -11.89 to -16.22 kJ/mole and -29.4 to -85.3 J/mole/K, respectively. For the adsorption of MEK, the adsorption characteristic energy, enthalpy, free energy and entropy are in the range 14.47-32.34, -18.3 to -40.8, -10.78 to -15.56 kJ/mole and -24.8 to approximately -60.3 J/mole/K, respectively. The adsorption enthalpy can be calculated indirectly from statistical thermodynamic method and directly from the immersion enthalpy method. The adsorption characteristic energy is calculated by the Dubinin-Astokhov equation. The free energy is calculated by the measured equilibrium adsorption constant.     

Oxidation of industrial dyeing wastewater by supercritical water oxidation in transpiring-wall reactor.

Industrial dyeing wastewater was oxidized in supercritical water in a transpiring-wall reactor, using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. Experiments were performed at 595 to 704 K and 18 to 30 MPa, with an oxidant dosage ratio ranging from 0.6 to 2.0. A chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of more than 98.4% was achieved at 704 K and 28 MPa, with a retention time less than 35 seconds, which increased with the temperature, pressure, and oxidant. A modified first-order rate expression was regressed from experimental data, taking into account the influence of induction time. The resulting pre-exponential factor, A, and activation energy, Ea, were 1.07 seconds(-1) and 12.12 kJ x mol(-1), respectively, while the reaction order for feed wastewater (based on COD) and oxidant were assumed to be 1 and 0, respectively. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis for effluents indicated that carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen were the main reaction products, and phenol; benzenecarboxylic acid; 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid; and isoquinoline were detected as intermediates.     

鸡蛋壳废料对水体中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特征与机理

利用鸡蛋壳废料对水中的Cr(Ⅵ)进行吸附处理,研究溶液pH、振荡时间、投加量和温度对鸡蛋壳废料吸附水体中Cr(Ⅵ)的特征和吸附机理。结果表明,在含有1 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)溶液的100 mL吸附体系中,鸡蛋壳废料可在30 min内完成吸附过程。溶液pH=2.5时,吸附量最大。鸡蛋壳投加量为1.0 g时,平衡吸附容量为0.0917 mg/g。利用鸡蛋壳去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的最佳工艺参数为振荡时间30 min,初始pH为3.0,投加量2.0 g,体系温度35℃。鸡蛋壳对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程用Langmiur和Freundlich方程能较好拟合,其中理论饱和吸附量在20℃、30℃和40℃时分别为0.1944、0.2034和0.2096 mg/g。吸附的焓变为8.76×10-3 kJ/mol,熵变为-45.96 J/(mol·K),吉布斯自由能变均为正值,变化范围是4.357~9.693 kJ/mol。鸡蛋壳对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程主要为物理性的单分子层和多分子层吸附。     

重金属污染农田修复植物龙葵与伴矿景天的生物质处置技术

植物修复是重金属污染农田的一种环保型治理技术,但植物修复技术产生了一个新的难题——大量含重金属的生物质。为快速处置含镉超富集植物生物质,采用不同提取剂对产后龙葵和伴矿景天生物质中的镉(cadmium,Cd)进行液相萃取,并对其萃取废液通过物理(4Å分子筛)和化学(KOH和K₂CO₃)方法进行了处理。分别考察了不同提取剂种类、浓度对修复植物生物质中重金属镉萃取效果的影响,探讨了重金属废水不同处理措施对萃取废液中镉的去除效果。结果表明,0.25 mol∙L⁻¹盐酸(HCl)、0.25 mol∙L⁻¹硝酸(HNO₃)、0.25 mol∙L⁻¹硫酸(H₂SO₄)和0.10 mol∙L⁻¹乙二胺四乙酸二钠(disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate,EDTA) 4种提取剂对龙葵茎和叶中Cd的萃取效果最佳,且茎和叶中Cd的萃取率最高分别达88.2%和89.8%;4种提取剂的Cd萃取率之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。不同提取剂对伴矿景天生物质中Cd的萃取率均在50%以下,表现为0.25 mol∙L⁻¹盐酸≈0.25 mol∙L⁻¹硝酸≈0.25 mol∙L⁻¹硫酸>0.10 mol∙L⁻¹乙二胺四乙酸二钠。4Å分子筛对萃取废液中Cd的后续净化效果最佳,在处理高浓度Cd后,萃取液中最终Cd质量浓度达到0.10 mg∙L⁻¹的污水排放标准(GB 8978-1996)。综合考虑提取剂萃取修复植物中Cd的效率、提取剂的成本与后续萃取废液中Cd的去除效果,0.25 mol∙L⁻¹盐酸作为液相萃取的提取剂最合适,4Å分子筛作为萃取废液的净化剂最为高效。     

KOH活化制备蚕沙基生物炭及其对镉的吸附特性

以蚕沙生物炭为原料,以KOH为活化剂,通过浸渍(KBC)和浸渍-热解(KBC400)活化工艺制备蚕沙基生物炭,用于吸附去除水体中的镉离子(Cd²⁺)。运用一系列的表征技术分析了生物炭的形貌和性质,并通过批量实验考察了投加量、pH、共存离子、吸附时间和Cd²⁺浓度等因素对Cd²⁺吸附性能的影响。表征实验结果表明,活化的蚕沙基生物炭孔隙结构丰富、清晰,KBC400表面有KOH受热刻蚀的凹陷;生物炭的石墨化程度较高且表面带有负电荷。蚕沙基生物炭吸附Cd²⁺以静电作用和Cd²⁺-π键结合为主。吸附实验结果表明：在投加量为0.4 g·L⁻¹、pH=5.0的条件下,KBC和KBC400的最大吸附量分别为63.80 mg·g⁻¹和89.15 mg·g⁻¹;在弱酸性(pH为4.0~6.0)和K⁺、Na⁺存在下对其吸附行为的影响较小;吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温方程,表明吸附以化学过程为主并且是单分子层吸附。综上所述,浸渍-热解活化方式更有利于增加其对Cd²⁺的吸附量;2步KOH活化法中第1步(浸渍)和第2步(热解)对于吸附Cd²⁺的相对贡献率分别为28.69%和71.31%。     

Kinetics of OH radical reactions with dibenzo-p-dioxin and selected chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins

The pulsed laser photolysis/pulsed laser-induced fluorescence (PLP/PLIF) technique has been applied to obtain rate coefficients for OH + dioxin (DD) (k1), OH + 2-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2-CDD) (k2), OH + 2,3-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3-DCDD) (k3), OH + 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,7-DCDD) (k4), OH + 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,8-DCDD) (k5), OH + 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1,2,3,4-TCDD) (k6), and OH + octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) (k7) over an extended range of temperature. The atmospheric pressure (740 +/- 10 Torr) rate measurements are characterized by the following Arrhenius parameters (in units of cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1), error limits are 1 omega): k1(326-907 K) = (1.70+/-0.22) x 10(-12)exp(979+/-55)/T, k2(346-905 K) = (2.79+/-0.27) x 10(-12)exp(784+/-54)/T, k3(400-927 K) = 10(-12)exp(742+/-67)/T, k4(390-769 K) = (1.10+/-0.10) x 10(-12)exp(569+/-53)/T, k5(379-931 K) = (1.02+/-0.10) x 10(-12)exp(580+/-68)/T, k6(409-936 K) = (1.66+/-0.38) x 10(-12)exp(713+/-114)/T, k7(514-928 K) = (3.18+/-0.54) x 10(-12)exp(-667+/-115)/T. The overall uncertainty in the measurements, taking into account systematic errors dominated by uncertainty in the substrate reactor concentration, range from a factor of 2 for DD, 2-CDD, 2,3-DCDD, 2,7-DCDD, and 2,8-DCDD to +/- a factor of 4 for 1,2,3,4-TCDD and OCDD. Negative activation energies characteristic of an OH addition mechanism were observed for k1-k6. k7 exhibited a positive activation energy. Cl substitution was found to reduce OH reactivity, as observed in prior studies at lower temperatures. At elevated temperatures (500 K < T < 500 K), there was no experimental evidence for a change in reaction mechanism from OH addition to H abstraction. Theoretical calculations suggest that H abstraction will dominate OH reactivity for most if not all dioxins (excluding OCDD) at combustion temperatures (>1000 K). For OCDD, the dominant reaction mechanism at all temperatures is OH addition followed by Cl elimination.     

纳米级天然黄铁矿去除水中Cr6+,Cd2+和Pb2+

利用机械球磨的方法可以提高天然黄铁矿的活性,通过XRD和TEM对机械球磨后黄铁矿粉末的表面形态和物理性质进行表征。通过批实验的方法探讨在不同的pH,不同的球磨黄铁矿用量,不同的反应时间和温度的条件下黄铁矿对Cr6+,Cd2+和Pb2+的去除效果。研究结果表明,金属离子的吸收受到pH的影响,随着pH的升高,3种金属离子的吸附趋势出现了很大的不同。并且在分析pH对反应效果的影响时,需要考虑金属生成沉淀时的pH。同时,随着反应时间和温度的增加,3种金属离子的吸收量都有不同程度的升高。通过实验比较,球磨黄铁矿对Cr6+,Cd2+和Pb2+的去除能力大小为Pb2+ > Cr6+ > Cd2+。纳米级黄铁矿与Cr6+,Cd2+和Pb2+的反应过程符合准二级动力学方程。