洱海湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估

通过对洱海湿地的调查,应用资源经济学和生态经济学的理论和方法对洱海湿地的生态服务功能价值进行了货币化评估,得出洱海湿地生态系统价值总量丰富、保护价值意义巨大.     

湿润区与干旱区典型湖泊湿地对比案例研究

选取东部湿润区与西北干早区典型湖泊湿地--洞庭湖湿地与艾比湖湿地,对其湿地资源特征、湿地生态服务功能及价值、湿地退化的表征和退化湿地生态恢复对策等方面进行了比较研究.通过研究发现,湿润区湖泊湿地资源禀赋优于干早区湖泊湿地,湿润区湖泊湿地与干旱区湖泊湿地均具有较强的生态服务功能和较高的价值,在湿地退化表征方面有共性也有差异,针对不同气候区域的退化湖泊湿地应采取不同的恢复对策.     

涨渡湖湿地生态旅游资源评价及发展态势分析

采用层次分析法对涨渡湖湿地生态旅游开发条件进行了分析.资源定量评价的结果显示,湿地旅游资源价值在湿地生态旅游资源综合评价中的权重最大,表明保护和营造旅游资源的重要性.通过SWOT分析,显示涨渡湖湿地生态旅游开发具有一定优势,虽然在开发过程中存在一定制约因素,但可通过湿地生态旅游的科学规划和管理,在保护利用的基础上发挥湖泊湿地的生态旅游资源优势,将资源优势转变为经济优势,加快武汉市湖区旅游经济的发展.     

新疆艾比湖湿地开发及环境效益分析

以新疆典型湖泊湿地艾比湖为主要研究区,并与东部洪泽湖、中部鄱阳湖和西部青海湖在生态系统服务功能、生态经济价值等方面进行了比较。由于气候、资源特点不同,各个湖泊湿地的开发方式和开发力度不同,使湖泊湿地的环境效益不同,产生了一系列生态环境问题,由此提出了湖泊湿地的开发利用建议。     

三峡水库运行后洞庭湖湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估

三峡水库蓄水运行改变了洞庭湖湿地水沙过程,进而影响其生态服务功能价值.通过相关数据,采用资源经济学和生态学的相关模型,分析蓄水前后洞庭湖湿地价值量变化,结果表明:①对比蓄水前、蓄水后洞庭湖湿地主要服务功能价值量明显降低,总价值由130.04亿元减少到47.7亿元,减少了63.3％.②调蓄洪水价值蓄水前为85.66亿元,占总价值的65.9％,而在蓄水后调蓄洪水价值减少,功能未能充分发挥.③蓄水后,湿地调蓄洪水、供水价值量减少,而在调节气候、供应产品和净化水质方面的价值量有所增加.     

湿地资源禀赋功能及其研究进展

湿地广泛分布于世界各地,是一种重要的生态系统,具有多种生态服务功能。主要分析了中国湿地现状,介绍了湿地在生态、经济、社会等方面的功能,对目前国内外湿地的研究特点与进展进行了分析与讨论,为今后湿地资源可持续利用、保护及研究提供有益参考。     

安徽省沿江湿地资源现状、问题与对策

分析了安徽沿江湿地资源现状,揭示了沿江湿地资源丰富、生态价值高的特征,探讨了湿地开发利用过程中引发的生态环境问题,认为围湖造田和水土流失造成河湖淤塞是沿江湿地洪涝灾害频繁、湿地被破坏的主要原因,生物资源利用过度、追求经济快速发展和缺乏有效监督协调机制是生态系统退化的重要原因,最后提出调整产业结构、改变利用方式、建立湿地保护政策体系和协调机制、恢复湿地系统的生态功能等相应的对策与措施.     

浅谈青海湖流域草地资源的可持续利用

草地是青海湖流域社会经济发展的重要基础性资源 ,也是生态保护的关键因子。文章立足青海湖流域草地的现状 ,从资源充分利用和提高价值的角度出现 ,对湖区草地的资源可利用性进行分析评估 ,提出了可持续利用的建议     

生态旅游资源评价与开发研究——以艾比湖湿地国家级自然保护区为例

生态环境保护与自然资源开发之间的矛盾始终是世界各国在发展经济时面临的一项严峻挑战,这种矛盾在自然保护区中的体现尤为明显.世界11%的保护区出现旅游资源退化,新疆艾比湖湿地国家级自然保护区同样面临着以上问题.作为 "世界重要湿地"的成员单位、国家级林业科普基地、我国生物多样性保护的重要地区、新疆的生态脆弱区,该区域是否具有开发生态旅游的潜力.论证了艾比湖湿地国家级自然保护区的生态旅游资源的开发价值和开发潜力,得出该区域目前尚处于生态旅游开发的前期准备阶段,生态环境是其发展的首要制约因素,其发展必须是在保护的基础上进行.     

沿海湿地可持续利用与管理策略

由于人口的快速增长、资源的过度利用、气候干旱化等。特别是湿地的生态保护功能和社会经济价值并未得到足够的重视,使得我国沿海部分湿地生态系统退化和受损,湿地面积减少．湿地环境遭受污染。湿地生物多样性受到负面影响,湿地生态系统面临着严重威胁。湿地生态系统能够提供许多类型的服务,具有公共物品属性,这决定了湿地保护和开发利用过程...     

Re-Establishing a Sustainable Wetland at Former Lake Karla,Greece, Using Ramsar Restoration Guidelines

Lake Karla, Greece, was almost completely drained in 1962 both to protect surrounding farmlands from flooding and to increase agricultural area. Loss of wetland functions and values resulted in environmental, social, and economic problems. A number of restoration plans were proposed to address these problems. The plan approved by the government in the early 1990s proposed construction of a 4200-ha reservoir solely to improve water storage and flood attenuation functions. However, the Ramsar Scientific and Technical Review Panel states that the primary goal of any restoration project is to create resilient and sustainable ecosystems, as measured on a human timescale, in order to improve the ecological character and enhance the socioeconomic role that the wetland plays in the watershed. This study utilizes Ramsar guidelines for sustainable restoration of Lake Karla. Eight additional restoration measures are proposed based on functional analysis of the wetland to enhance additional wetland functions and support multiple values for humans and nature.     

Economic Valuation of the Non-use Attributes of a Wetland: A Case-study for Lake Kerkini

Wetlands are an environmental feature which deliver a variety of market and non-market goods and services. Established environmental economic theory separates the value of these goods and services into direct-use values, indirect-use values and non-use values. Given appreciation of all three, measurements can be derived to demonstrate the amount of public money that it may be feasible to allocate to the sustainable management of wetlands. However, in many cases, non-use values are ignored and the total economic value of wetlands can be severely undervalued. As a result, inadequate resources are fed into their management and environmental degradation occurs due to inappropriate commercial exploitation of the natural resource. Lake Kerkini, in northern Greece, is one such wetland area threatened by undervaluation and overexploitation for commercial purposes, and a resource whose management would benefit from the realization of non-use values. This study therefore uses the contingent valuation method to place a value on the non-use attributes of Lake Kerkini. It also examines the relationship between the revealed non-use values and the distance people live from the lake, highlights the personal characteristics which appear important in determining total willingness to pay and breaks total non-use value down into its component parts to suggest the most important non-use elements. The paper concludes that sustainable management of the lake is justified and provides evidence that substantial public monies are potentially available to protect and enhance the environmental value of the resource.     

南四湖自然保护区生态旅游资源评价与开发

针对南四湖自然保护区生态旅游资源的特点,选取资源价值、旅游效益和开发条件三个综合指标和12个项目指标,建立生态旅游资源评价模型树,采用层次分析法,对南四湖生态旅游资源进行总体评价。在此基础上,通过问卷调查对各景区打分,并进行分级,最后确定南四湖自然保护区生态旅游资源的开发重点是湖泊湿地自然风光和渔乡风情。     

滨江湖泊湿地生态旅游开发潜力与发展规划——以西凉湖为例

湿地生态旅游对保护湿地资源和促进区域可持续发展具有极其重要的意义。通过构建湿地生态旅游评价指标体系,采用层次分析法确定指标权重,以西凉湖为例对滨江湖泊湿地生态旅游资源进行了评价。结果表明,西凉湖旅游开发目前尚处在起始阶段,综合得分较低,但由于生态环境状况良好,加之便利的交通条件,因此具有较大的开发潜力。根据所在区域近五年的旅游客源变化,对旅游客源市场进行了预测。结果表明,未来五年旅游客源市场将进入快速增长期,成为推动湿地生态旅游快速发展的潜在动力。在此基础上,进一步为西凉湖湿地生态旅游总体发展拟定了规划方案和对策建议。     

"平退"工程与洞庭湖区湿地生态保护

从考察洞庭湖湿地生态特征入手,探讨了"平退"工程对洞庭湖区湿地生态环境的影响,认为通过"平退"防洪标准较低或影响江湖行蓄洪水的洲滩民垸以扩大江湖槽蓄来提高江湖调蓄洪水的能力,"平退"工程不但不会破坏湖区湿地生态环境,反而会使湖洲草滩及候鸟等越冬环境得到稳定和改善.同时,提出了保护洞庭湖湿地的相关对策.     

黑河流域湿地保护现状及对策建议

黑河是我国第二大内陆河,流域内湖泊、沼泽遍布,湿地资源丰富。多年来人们对黑河环境的重要性认识不足,导致植被退化、水位下降、土地盐渍化,影响湿地资源的永续利用,制约当地经济社会可持续发展。鉴于此,建立了黑河湿地国家级自然保护区,实施湿地保护与恢复和污染治理工程,增强退耕还林(草)、退地还湿、防沙治沙力度,探索和运用生态补偿机制。     

盐城湿地保护与生态旅游开发

盐城海滨湿地资源丰富，已成为重要的环境资源和旅游资源。从湿地的变化和现状着手，阐述了保护盐城湿地的必要性和重要性，在保护中倡导自养型经济战略——生态旅游。分析了盐城湿地生态旅游开发的可行性，从而提出规划意见，以实现盐城湿地旅游的可持续发展。     

Wise Use of Wetlands: Current State of Protection and Utilization of Chinese Wetlands and Recommendations for Improvement

Wetland protection and utilization sometimes appear to be in conflict, but promoting the wise use of wetlands can solve this problem. All countries face the challenge of sustainable development of wetlands to a greater or lesser extent, but the problem is especially urgent in developing countries, such as China, that want to accelerate their economic development without excessive environmental cost. Chinese wetlands contribute greatly to economic development, but improper use of these natural resources has endangered their existence. It is thus necessary to provide scientific guidance to managers and users of wetlands. In this paper, we analyze the present status of Chinese wetland protection and utilization, and discuss problems in six categories: a lack of public awareness of the need for wetland protection; insufficient funding for wetland protection and management; an imperfect legal system to protect wetlands; insufficient wetland research; lack of coordination among agencies and unclear responsibilities; and undeveloped technologies related to wetland use and protection. The wise use of Chinese wetlands will require improvements in four main areas: increased wetland utilization research, scientific management of wetland utilization, improved laws and regulations to protect wetlands, and wider dissemination of wetland knowledge. Based on these categories, we propose a framework for the optimization of wetland use by industry to provide guidance for China and other countries that cannot sacrifice economic benefits to protect their wetlands.