纳米γ-Al2O3去除氟离子的机理及行为研究

研究了纳米γ-Al2O3吸附剂对氟离子的吸附行为,考查了吸附平衡时间、温度、溶液的pH等对吸附过程的影响.结果表明,在室温下,纳米γ-Al2O3对氟离子的吸附在3min基本达到平衡;在pH3～9范围内,吸附率达95%以上;吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学模型,其反应的表观活化能(Ea)为10.99kJ.mol-1;颗粒内扩散过程是吸附的主要控制步骤,而颗粒外扩散过程对吸附也有影响;吸附过程符合Langmuir、D-R等温模型,常温下,纳米γ-Al2O3对氟离子的平均吸附能为11.15kJ.mol-1.吸附反应的ΔGθ<0,ΔHθ>0,说明该吸附过程是自发的吸热反应.共存阴离子HCO3-和PO43-、阳离子Cu2+对氟离子的吸附影响较大.纳米γ-Al2O3在动态和静态吸附实验中的除氟效果相近.     

Preparation and characterization of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for degradation dye wastewater

In order to develop a catalyst with high activity for catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) process at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by consecutive impregnation method and the prepared parameters were optimized. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by BET, XRF, SEM and XPS technologies, and the actual wastewater was used to investigate the catalytic activity of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 in CWO process. The experimental results showed that the prepared catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity when the doping amount of Ti was 1.0 wt% (the weight ratio of Ti to carriers), and the middle product, CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3, was calcined in 450℃ for 2 h. The CWO experiment for treating actual dye wastewater indicated that the COD, color and TOC of actual wastewater were decreased by 62.23%, 50.12% and 41.26% in 3 h,respectively, and the ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.19 to 0.30.     

介孔γ -Al2O3的制备及其对F-的吸附性能研究

以硝酸铝和碳酸氢铵为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成具有较高活性的介孔γ-Al2O3纳米材料.对合成的样品进行XRD、TEM和BET表征.结果表明:在N2气氛下煅烧所得样品与在空气中煅烧所得样品相比,其比表面积略有增加;在溶胶-凝胶过程中,用乙醇洗涤凝胶能显著提高产物的比表面积,所得产物比表面积高达390 m2/g,呈多孔结...     

γ-Al2O3崔化CxHyOz原NOx的研究进展

概述了γ-Al2O3催化CxHyOz还原NOx的发展情况。着重分析了脱硝反应机理、NO2生成问题及各种CxHyOz还原剂的脱硝活性。并探讨了Oz、水蒸汽和SO2对脱硝反应的影响。     

γ-Al2O3微孔膜制备及其处理电镀废水的研究

膜分离技术在电镀废水处理领域有着良好的应用前景。以异丙醇铝为主要原料,经酸解、除醇、干燥和烧结过程制备陶瓷膜。采用8 nm粒径溶胶多次真空覆涂-焙烧法,在1℃/m in的焙烧条件下制备了非对称氧化铝微孔膜。测试了陶瓷膜的纯水通量、膜截留性能、膜流动电位,结果表明:经过4次的浸涂成膜,纯水通量为3.55×103L/(MPa.h.m2),达到超滤膜的要求;通过截留率计算膜片平均孔径为28 nm;流动电位为-20 mV。将制得的陶瓷膜用于电镀废水处理,COD去除率为85%,在透过液中Cu、Cr、N i浓度分别为0.0663、0.0051和0.0763 mg/L,回用废水可满足电镀前处理的使用要求。     

Catalytic performance of copper and cerium oxides-based γ-Al_2O_3 on combustion of toluene

以γ-Al2O3为载体,以复合氧化物CuxCe1-xO2为活性组分,其中,x=0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,通过浸渍法制备了一系列CuxCe1-xO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂.在固定床反应器中评价了催化剂对甲苯的催化活性,通过XRD、SEM对催化剂进行表征,并运用ICP-MS分析并计算Cu、Ce的摩尔比以及活性组分的负载量.结果表明,在CuxCe1-xO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂中Cu、Ce摩尔比的实际值与理论值相近,活性组分的负载量在19%以上,而且对甲苯都有较好的低温催化活性,其中当x=0.2时,即Cu0.2Ce0.8O2/γ-Al2O3催化剂对甲苯的催化活性最高,其中T10=160℃,T90=265℃;当甲苯的进口浓度在700～3000mg·m-3时,进口浓度对Cu0.2Ce0.8O2/γ-Al2O3催化剂的催化活性影响较小,且经过连续80h的稳定性操作后转化率仍然保持在90%以上.     

CuMnOx/γ-Al2O3对含甲苯废气催化燃烧的性能研究

利用浸渍法制备催化剂CuO/γ-Al2O3、MnOx/γ-Al2O3、CuMnOx/γ-Al2O3,通过实验研究表明:CuMnOx/γ-Al2O3具有更高的催化活性,其T99比其他两种催化剂要低50℃以上。在焙烧温度300、400、500、600℃下制备CuMnOx/γ-Al2O3,比较其催化活性,发现在600℃制备的催化剂要比其他温度下制备的同等催化剂的催化活性高,证明了尖晶石结构在催化燃烧中起着很大的作用。     

Cu/ZrO2/S2O2-8/γ-Al2O3固体酸催化剂制备与催化选择还原NO性能

以拟薄水铝石焙烧得到的γ-Al2O3为载体,分步浸渍负载(NH4)2S2O8、ZrOCl2和Cu(NO3)2,制成Cu/ZrO2/S2O2-8/γ-Al2O3固体酸催化剂.考察了Cu/ZrO2/S2O2-8/γ-Al2O3在富氧条件下对C3H6选择还原NO的催化性能,并借助SEM、XRD、Py-IR和TPR等表征方法研究了它的结构和性能的关系.性能的实验结果表明, Cu/ZrO2/S2O2-8/γ-Al2O3在无水条件下能使NO的最大转化率达到82.9%,在有10%水蒸气存在条件下仍能使NO的最大转化率达到80.2%.表征测试的结果表明, S2O2-8和ZrO2能够抑制γ-Al2O3颗粒之间的烧结及CuAl2O4尖晶石相的生成,同时促使催化剂表面新酸性中心(B酸)的形成及总酸量的增加,另外ZrO2还能提高Cu物种的还原性,从而有效地改善了催化剂的催化活性和水热稳定性.     

γ-Al2O3催化臭氧氧化水中嗅味物质MIB效能研究

以γ-Al2O3粉末为催化剂,研究了催化臭氧氧化去除水体中典型嗅味物质2-甲基异茨醇(MIB)的效能及相关影响因素.研究表明,γ-Al2O3在蒸馏水和自来水本底中,均表现出显著的催化活性.在蒸馏水本底条件下,催化氧化可提高MIB去除率47个百分点;而在自来水本底条件下,可提高MIB去除率40个百分点以上.臭氧浓度、催化剂投加量和MIB的初始浓度对催化氧化过程具有明显的影响作用.水的硬度对γ-Al2O3催化臭氧氧化MIB影响不大,但水中无机阴离子对催化效果影响显著.天然水体中的重碳酸盐/碳酸盐碱度可以抑制催化臭氧氧化过程中产生的羟基自由基,对γ-Al2O3催化臭氧氧化MIB起到了抑制作用.低浓度的腐殖酸能够促进催化氧化过程,而高浓度时则有抑制作用.通过pH值对催化氧化MIB的影响和叔丁醇对催化氧化的抑制作用,间接地证明γ-Al2O3催化氧化MIB的作用机理是以羟基自由基为主的间接氧化过程.     

γ-Al2O3催化臭氧氧化水中嗅味物质机理探讨

以γ-Al2O3粉末为催化剂,研究催化臭氧氧化去除水体中典型嗅味物质2-甲基异茨醇(MIB)的效能与机理.结果表明,γ-Al2O3能够明显促进臭氧氧化去除MIB,表现出很好的催化活性,叔丁醇对γ-Al2O3催化氧化去除MIB过程具有明显的抑制作用.在催化臭氧氧化去除MIB过程中,γ-Al2O3表面电荷状态及表面羟基的带电性质与溶液的pH值有关.当溶液pH值与γ-Al2O3的pHzpc接近时,γ-Al2O3的催化作用最为明显.γ-Al2O3催化臭氧氧化过程中自由基的相对量值Rct比单独臭氧氧化过程高出近1个数量级,这进一步表明γ-Al2O3能明显促进臭氧分解产生更多的羟基自由基.最后还考察了不同摩尔比例的臭氧分解促进剂与抑制剂对γ-Al2O3催化臭氧分解的影响.     

Photocatalytic remediation of γ-HCH contaminated soil induced by α-Fe2O3 and TiO2

Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of γ-HCH on soil surfaces was carded out to evaluate the photocatalytic effectiveness of α-Fe2O3 and TiO2 toward degrading γ-HCH on soil surfaces. After being spiked with γ-HCH, soil samples were loaded with α-Fe2O3 or TiO2 and exposed to UV-light irradiation. Different catalyst loads, 0%, 2%, 5%, 7%, and 10% (wt.)α-Fe2O3 ; 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2:(Wt.)TiO2, were tested for up to 7 d irradiation. The effects of soil thickness, acidity, and humic substances were also investigated. The obtained results indicated that the γ-HCH photodegradation follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The addition of α-Fe2O3 or TiO2 accelerates the photodegradation of γ-HCH, while the photodegradation rate decreases when the content of α-Fe2O3 exceeds 7% (wt.).The degradation rate increases with the soil pH value. Humic substances inhibit the photocatalytic degradation of γ-HCH., and trichlorobenzene are detected as photodegradation intermediates, which are gradually degraded with the photodegradation evolution.     

Pd/ZrO【sub】2【/sub】-Al【sub】2【/sub】O【sub】3【/sub】催化剂加氢脱硫性能的研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列不同Zr含量的ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体和Pd/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,利用连续流动微反装置考察了Pd/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂的噻吩加氢脱硫(HDS)性能,并运用程序升温还原(TPR),程序升温脱附(H2-TPD,NH3-TPD)和N2物理吸附等技术对载体及催化剂进行了表征.结果表明:ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体中Zr含量对Pd基催化剂的HDS性能有较大影响,加入适量Zr可增大Pd/Al2O3催化剂的分散度及H2吸附量和酸量,减弱活性组分与载体的相互作用,使活性中心和噻吩吸附位增多以及活化能降低,从而有利于Pd基催化剂HDS反应活性的提高,w(Zr)为9%时Pd/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂的活性最好.     

La2O3纳米颗粒对水溶液中As(Ⅲ)的吸附

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)为表面活性剂,采用共沉淀法制得La₂O₃纳米颗粒。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和比表面积分析仪(BET)对La₂O₃纳米颗粒进行分析。采用批实验考察了溶液pH、典型阴离子和离子强度等因素对La₂O₃纳米颗粒吸附溶液中As(Ⅲ)的影响,并对吸附动力学、吸附等温模型及吸附机理进行研究。结果表明:添加质量分数为0. 2%的CTMAB时制得的La₂O₃对As(Ⅲ)的吸附效果最好。当溶液pH为5～9时,As(Ⅲ)去除率较高,可达85. 36%。溶液中共存的SO₄^2-和CO₃^2-对As(Ⅲ)的吸附影响较小,而SiO₃^2-和PO₄^3-增加到10 mmol/L时,As(Ⅲ)去除率从85. 36%分别...     

微波辅助合成γ-Fe2O3/花生壳磁性生物炭对水体中环丙沙星吸附的研究

基于化学共沉淀法,利用微波辅助成功合成了γ-Fe_2O_3/花生壳磁性生物炭复合材料.结果表明,微波辅助合成扩大了生物炭的比表面积和孔隙体积,提高了生物炭表面γ-Fe_2O_3颗粒的分散度.此外,微波效应使得γ-Fe_2O_3牢固地附着在生物炭表面并提高了吸附剂的磁性.在最佳pH=6.0的条件下,微波辅助合成的磁性生物炭对环丙沙星(CIP)的吸附量为8.30 mg·g~(-1),吸附量高于传统法制备的吸附剂(4.50 mg·g~(-1)).吸附过程受多重机制控制,5次循环实验证实由微波辅助合成的γ-Fe_2O_3/花生壳磁性生物炭纳米复合材料是一种高效、稳定、可重复使用的吸附剂.微波辅助合成给磁性生物炭优化提供了新思路,为提高吸附剂对有机污染物的有效去除提供了新的途径.     

Activity and hydrothermal stability of CeO2–ZrO2–WO3 for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3

A series of CeO_2–ZrO_2–WO_3(CZW)catalysts prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis method showed excellent catalytic activity for selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO with NH_3 over a wide temperature of 150–550°C.The effect of hydrothermal treatment of CZW catalysts on SCR activity was investigated in the presence of 10% H_2O.The fresh catalyst showed above 90% NO_x conversion at 201–459°C,which is applicable to diesel exhaust NO_x purification(200–440°C).The SCR activity results indicated that hydrothermal aging decreased the SCR activity of CZW at low temperatures(below 300°C),while the activity was notably enhanced at high temperature(above 450°C).The aged CZW catalyst(hydrothermal aging at 700°C for 8 hr)showed almost 80% NO_x conversion at 229–550°C,while the V_2O_5–WO_3/TiO_2 catalyst presented above 80% NO_x conversion at 308–370°C.The effect of structural changes,acidity,and redox properties of CZW on the SCR activity was investigated.The results indicated that the excellent hydrothermal stability of CZW was mainly due to the CeO_2–ZrO_2 solid solution,amorphous WO_3 phase and optimal acidity.In addition,the formation of WO_3 clusters increased in size as the hydrothermal aging temperature increased,resulting in the collapse of structure,which could further affect the acidity and redox properties.     

Study on the residue of 1-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-clflorophenyl)urea in Chinese cabbage and soil in the Southern China and its distribution in laboratorial microcosm

This paper discusses the residue of 1-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl) urea (ccu)in Chinese cabbage and soil in the Southern China．Under single factor controlled condition，the distribution and tramsformation ofCCU in microcosm are described． In field trial oftwo consecutive years，the results show that the haif-life values ofCCU in Chinese cabbage and soil in the Southern China are 3.8-4.1 days and 10.9—11.6 days；respectively．The experimental results in laboratorial microcosm demonstrate the fortnight haft-life of CCU in soil．Vegetables lack of enough ability to absorb CCU from soil and accumulate on roots．Although there are a certain amount residues ofCCU in soil，it is impossible to bring about serious pollution after routine application is carried out．     

三水铝石(γ-Al(OH)3)和α-Al2O3表面酸碱性质与磷酸根吸附研究

采用批量实验法,对2种不同晶体结构铝氧化物(γ-Al(OH)3和α-Al2O3)表面上磷酸根的吸附进行了比较研究.吸附等温线实验在pH=4和pH=6的KNO3溶液(0.0l mol·L-1)中进行,并使用Langmuir等温方程进行定量描述.由吸附等温线可以发现,α-Al2O3表现出更大的吸附容量和吸附密度.且在pH 3.5～4.0范围内,表面对磷酸根的吸附达到最大值.为了更好的理解表面性质对磷酸根吸附的影响,使用X射线衍射、N2吸附比表面积分析、电镜观察和表面酸碱滴定技术对表面结构和性质进行了表征.结合表面信息和吸附结果可以发现,单位质量吸附剂上的吸附量大小与比表面积有关,而吸附密度与铝氧化合物表面对磷酸根的吸附反应活性有关.     

Residue and persistence of insecticide l-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urea in C hinese cabbage and soils in the Northern China

The residue and persistence of the insect growth regulator 1-(2-(chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urga(CCU)in Chinese cabbage and soil in the field were studied in Northern China during 1988-1989．The degradation of CCU in soils was also studied under laboratory conditions．The CCU was found to be unstable in Chmese cabbage and soil in field．The half-life ofCCU was 13.2-14.0 days in Chinese cabbage and 8.8-27.0 days in soil,respectively．Three ppm as the maximum residue level for CCU in Chinese cabbage and 21 days as the preharvest interval for the vegetable treated with CCU were recommendced．