高铁酸盐对藻类肝毒素的降解

研究高铁酸盐对悦目颤藻(Oscillatoria amoena)肝毒素(Microcystin-LR)的降解效能及其与pH的关系. 结果表明,处理有机质含量很高的藻类肝毒素粗提液,当高铁投加量增到40mg/L,pH控制在6～10,肝毒素几乎被完全降解.同时高铁的还原产物Fe³⁺、Fe(OH)₃发挥其助凝、絮凝的作用,对水体中有机质吸附沉降去除,TOC去除率达到50%左右,铁几乎无残留.高效液相色谱分析发现,作用机制可能是高铁氧化或异构化Adda基团的共轭双键,使Adda基团的结构发生变化,从而降低其毒性.     

锰氧化物负载施氏矿物去除酸性矿山废水中As(III)的性能及机理

施氏矿物是天然的砷吸附剂,但其存在酸性条件下对As(III)吸附性能较弱且无法对As(III)氧化降毒的缺陷. 采用液相沉淀法成功制备出锰氧化物负载施氏矿物(MnO_x@Sch),研究锰负载量、初始pH值和共存离子对MnO_x@Sch去除As(III)的影响,并采用吸附动力学结合XPS、FTIR及TEM等表征探究该过程的机理. 结果表明:在初始pH=3、投加量为0.5 g·L^-1、As(III)初始浓度为1 mg·L^-1的条件下,As(III)与MnO_x@Sch反应后的剩余浓度仅为2.42~3.38 μg·L^-1.MnO_x@Sch去除As(III)受初始pH影响较小,H₂PO₄^-共存时As(III)去除存在明显的抑制作用. MnO_x@Sch 去除As(III)的过程符合准二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程. 液相化学组分和固相产物表征分析显示MnO_x@Sch对As(III)的去除机理可概括为As(III)氧化、静电吸附和络合配位及配体交换. 研究结果可为施氏矿物及其改性材料应用于酸性矿山废水砷污染治理提供理论依据.     

载铁(β-FeOOH)球形棉纤维素吸附剂去除地下水As(Ⅴ)的研究

制备了一种载铁(β- FeOOH)球形棉纤维素吸附剂,球珠孔隙度大,强度好,活性成分铁的载入量可高达360mg/mL ,(质量分数达50%) ,活性好.研究表明,当铁含量为220mg/mL时,该吸附剂对As(V)的最大吸附量为15.6mg/mL(33.2mg/g) ,Langmuir和Freundlich方程能很好地描述吸附等温线.吸附速度较快,10h可达到吸附平衡,吸附动力学符合Lagergren二级方程.SiO₃^2- ,SO₄^2-,Cl^-干扰离子均不影响砷的去除.柱吸附实验表明,空床停留时间为5.9min ,进水As(V)浓度为500μg/L时,As(V)的穿透体积为5000BV .吸附剂可以用1.5mol·L^-1 NaOH再生,洗脱和再生效率可达90%以上.活性成分β-FeOOH形态稳定,柱操作和再生时铁无溶出.吸附剂制备方法简单,新颖,对地下水和饮用水砷去除具有较好的应用前景.     

利用水绵（Spirogyra）深度处理生活污水强化除磷及其机制的探讨

提出了用水绵进行城市污水深度处理的方法,强化去除水中氮、磷等污染物,以实际生活污水为对象,分析了水绵（Spirogyra）的除污染性能.在自然光照条件下,Spirogyra 剂量（湿重）>3.05 g/L时,运行5 d后,TP浓度降到0.09 mg/L以下,去除率为96.84%以上;NH⁺₄-Ｎ浓度降到2.82 mg/L以下,去除率为88.60%以上;TN浓度降到4.31 mg/L以下,去除率在85.49%以上;高锰酸盐指数降到16.86 mg/L以下,去除率为24.56%以上.处理效率随Spirogyra 剂量提高而增加.在利用Spirogyra 深度处理污水的过程中,水的pH值逐渐升高,Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺浓度降低,电导率下降.Spirogyra 生长引起水体pH 升高,诱导盐类矿物沉积,沉积矿物对磷的吸附是除磷的重要机制.Spirogyra 除磷符合Langmuir吸附等温线,本实验条件下Spirogyra(湿重)对磷的饱和吸附量(以P计）为3.159 mg/g.Spirogyra 生长引起水的pH 升高,使NH⁺₄-Ｎ 挥发可能是除氮的主要机制.选择适当的Spirogyra 用量和处理时间,处理后的出水氮、磷含量可达到湖泊类景观环境用水的水质标准.Spirogyra良好的除氮、磷特性可能为污水深度处理提供新的技术途径.     

负载型纳米铁吸附剂去除饮用水中As(Ⅲ)的研究

以活性炭为载体,利用液相还原方法制备了一种负载型纳米铁吸附剂,载入量(Fe/炭)为82.0 mg/g.纳米铁在活性炭孔内呈针状,其直径为30～500 nm,长度为1?000～3?000 nm.该吸附剂在pH 6.5,(25±2)℃,As(Ⅲ)初始浓度为2 mg/Ｌ,吸附剂用量为1.0 g/Ｌ时,As(Ⅲ)的去除率为99.86%,吸附剂的砷吸附容量为1.997 mg/g;吸附速率在前12 h较快,可达94.3%,72 h达到吸附平衡.吸附过程中As(Ⅲ)部分被吸附剂氧化.PO^３－₄、SiO^２－_３对As(Ⅲ)的去除抑制较大,而SO^２－₄、CO^２－_３、C₂Ｏ^２－₄等离子对砷的去除影响较小.吸附平衡后的吸附剂可以用0.1 mol/Ｌ NaOH溶液洗脱再生,再生效率较高.室内实验数据表明,该吸附剂在饮用水除砷领域具有较好的应用前景.     

厌氧与缺氧污泥对17β-雌二醇吸附性能的研究

雌二醇浓度为500～10 000　ng/L,采用活性污泥灭活吸附,考察了吸附平衡时间和pH值对吸附的影响.在10、20、30℃不同温度下建立了Freundlich吸附等温线,并计算了分配系数K_d.结果表明,厌氧与缺氧失活污泥对雌二醇的吸附都在30 min以内达到平衡;pH值在6～9范围内对吸附没有影响,pH大于9时随着pH值增加吸附量减少;两者在不同温度下对雌二醇的吸附都符合Freundlich吸附,都呈线性吸附,分配系数随温度升高而降低,厌氧失活污泥的分配系数K_d为629.2(10℃)＞534.9(20℃)＞405.6(30℃),缺氧失活污泥的分配系数K_d为601.2(10℃)＞491.3(20℃)＞360.1(30℃).另外,研究了厌氧与缺氧活性污泥的吸附等温线与分配系数,厌氧活性污泥的K_d大于缺氧活性污泥.厌氧(缺氧)活性污泥与灭活污泥对雌二醇的吸附未出现明显差别,厌氧污泥的吸附性能强于缺氧污泥.     

高锰酸钾强化三氯化铁共沉降法去除亚砷酸盐的效能与机理

研究了不同水质条件下KMnO₄强化FeCl₃共沉降去除亚砷酸盐[As(Ⅲ)]的效能与机理.考察了pH值、天然有机物(NOM)等因素对As去除效能的影响.结果表明,投加KMnO₄显著提高了FeCl₃共沉降除砷(FCP)工艺对As(Ⅲ)的去除效能.随着Fe(Ⅲ)投量由2.0mg/L增大到8.0mg/L,对于FCP工艺,As去除率由41.3%提高到75.4%;而对于KMnO₄-FeCl₃共沉降除砷(POFCP)工艺,As去除率则由61.2%提高至99.3%.FCP及POFCP工艺对As的去除率均随着pH值的升高而升高;与FCP工艺比较,pH值对POFCP工艺除As效果影响较小;NOM降低了FCP工艺对As的去除率,而对POFCP工艺无明显影响.KMnO₄的氧化作用是强化As(Ⅲ)去除效能的主要因素,而KMnO₄的还原产物水合MnO₂(s)对As(Ⅲ)也具有一定的去除能力.POFCP工艺是强化去除水中As(Ⅲ),以保障安全饮用水供给的有效方法.     

桑沟湾养殖水域表层沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附特征

在室内模拟扰动条件下,研究了桑沟湾养殖水域表层沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附动力学及其吸附等温线,探讨了磷酸盐的吸附-解吸平衡质量浓度以及沉积物的源汇角色.结果表明,沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附主要发生在0～0.5 h,吸附平衡时间约为6 h,吸附动力学方程符合修正的Elovich模型,回归方程为： Q =85.536+35.512 ln t （r²=0.960 2）;低浓度条件下沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附等温线呈线性,线性方程为： Q =265.04 c _e-7.46（ Ｒ ²=0.965）,高浓度条件下沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型（ Ｒ ²=0.989）;沉积物中本底吸附态磷为7.46 μg/g,对磷的最大吸附量 Ｑ _max为769.23 μg/g;沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附-解吸平衡质量浓度EPC₀为0.028 mg/L,结合该区域水体磷酸盐含量情况,初步推断该区域的沉积物大多数时间充当的是磷源的角色.     

磁性吸附材料CuFe2O4吸附砷的性能

根据Cu(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)都对砷有较强的亲和性,制备了同时含有Cu(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)的、可用磁分离方法进行分离回收的磁性吸附材料CuFe₂O₄,并对其进行了表征及吸附砷的性能研究.结果表明,该吸附剂对砷的吸附能力与溶液pH有关,在弱酸性及中性条件下,吸附砷的能力最强,而对As(V)的吸附能力比对As(Ⅲ)更强些,在平衡浓度为10μg/L时,其吸附容量可达10mg/g左右,可以很容易地将水中浓度为1～20mg/L的As(V)降到10μg/L以下.实验考察了几种无机阴离子对吸附砷的影响,表明较高浓度(砷浓度的20倍)的硫酸盐对As(Ⅲ)和As(V)的吸附均有一定影响,盐酸盐及磷酸盐则影响不明显;负载的As(V)可较容易地用0.1mol/L NaOH洗脱下来,使吸附剂再生,而As(Ⅲ)则难以洗脱,这与2种价态砷的吸附机理不同有关.     

改性活性炭除亚砷酸盐的性能研究

制备了2种负载铁锰氧化物的改性活性炭（FM-GAC-1、FM-GAC-2）并研究其对水中的亚砷酸盐的去除性能.考察了2种改性活性炭除三价砷的吸附等温线、反应动力学及pH、温度、水中共存离子对其去除三价砷的影响,发现FM-GAC-1和FM-GAC-2对三价砷均有较好的去除效果,吸附容量分别为32.37、 26.67 mg·g^-1.吸附速率符合拟二级反应动力学,化学反应控制过程是改性活性炭除砷的限速步骤.pH值偏酸性有利于吸附的进行,温度升高,吸附容量有所下降,该吸附过程是自发的放热过程.同时,水体中的共存阴离子在其浓度值为三价砷的200倍时,SiO^2-₃、 PO^2-₃、NO^-₃对FM-GAC-1吸附三价砷有明显影响; SiO^2-₃、CO^2-₃对FM-GAC-2吸附三价砷有显著影响.总体上讲,FM-GAC-1较FM-GAC-2有更为优异的去除三价砷性能.     

水合氧化镧吸附除磷的试验研究

以开发新型高效除磷吸附剂材料为目的,以金属水合氧化物MeH(metal hydrate)为试验对象,对所选材料进行了吸附除磷性能评价.通过对多种水合金属氧化物吸附除磷性能的比较研究,发现水合氧化镧LaH(lan-thanum hydrate)具有优异的除磷吸附容量,其吸附容量大约为参照物粉末活性氧化铝的十几倍.该吸附剂的吸附容量随pH值变化显著,在pH=3附近达最大值;吸附等温线较符合Langmuir方程;进行了抗无机阴离子干扰能力测试,给出了干扰离子的影响顺序;该吸附剂对正磷酸根的去除性能优越,但对聚磷酸根的去除效果不理想.试验结果表明,水合氧化镧在平衡吸附容量、pH适应范围等方面与参照物活性氧化铝相比较,具有优异的性能.     

Removal of phosphate by Fe-coordinated amino-functionalized 3D mesoporous silicates hybrid materials

Phosphate removal from aqueous waste streams is an important approach to control the eutrophication downstream bodies of water. A Fe(III) coordinated amino-functionalized silicate adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by a post-grafting and metal cation incorporation process. The surface structure of the adsorbent was characterized by X-ray di raction, N2 adsoropion/desoprotion technique, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silicate material was 51.8 mg/g. The kinetic data from the adsorption of phosphate were fitted to pseudo second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent and the relatively high removal of phosphate fell within the pH range 3.0–6.0. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has an adverse e ect on phosphate adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of exogenous anions: F?? > SO2?? 4 > NO??3 > Cl??. In addition, the adsorbed phosphate could be desorbed by NaOH solutions. This silicate adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity and relatively high selectivity could be utilized for the removal of phosphate from aqueous waste streams or in aquatic environment.     

Evaluation of zeolites synthesized from fly ash as potential adsorbents for wastewater containing heavy metals

Both pure-form zeolites (zeolites A and X) were synthesized by applying a two-stage method during hydrothermal treatment of fly ash prepared initial gel. The difference of adsorption capacity of both fly ash-synthesized zeolits was assessed under the same adsorption conditions. Copper and zinc were chosen as target heavy metal ions. It was found that adsorption capacity of zeolite A showed much higher value than that of zeolite X. Thus, attention was focused on investigating the removal performance of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution on the synthetic pure-form zeolite A from fly ash, zeolite HS (hydroxyl-solidate) prepared from the residual fly ash (after synthesis of pure-form zeolite A from fly ash) and a commercial grade zeolite A. Batch method was employed to study the influential parameters such as initial pH value, adsorbents dosage and adsorption temperature on the adsorption process. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir model and showed the affinity: Cu2+ > Zn2+ (adsorbent FA-ZA). The removal mechanism of metal ions followed adsorption and ion exchange processes. Attempts were also made to recover heavy metal ions and regenerate adsorbents (adsorbent FA-ZA).     

磁性纳米复合吸附剂PFM对铜的吸附性能与吸附机理研究

制备了磁性纳米复合吸附剂PAM@Fe₃O₄/MnO₂(PFM),用于含铜废水的吸附实验研究,考察了吸附剂投加量、重金属溶液初始浓度、吸附时间等因素对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明:磁性纳米复合吸附剂PFM可有效去除水中的铜离子,在Cu²⁺浓度为50 mg/L,pH为6.0,吸附剂量为1.6 g/L的条件下,在400 min达到吸附平衡,吸附容量可达到30.29 mg/g,Cu²⁺去除率可达到97%。吸附-再生循环实验证实PFM具有良好的再生性能,在去除Cu²⁺方面具有很好的实际应用前景。VSM分析表明:纳米PFM具备超顺磁性和铁磁性的优势;PFM的XRD图谱显示,PAM附着于纳米Fe₃O₄/MnO₂表面,增强了其与溶液中金属离子接触的表面积,有利于对金属离子的吸附;在纳米PFM吸附剂的FTIR中出现PAM中的酰胺键,印证了Fe₃O₄/MnO_...     

Preparation of organically functionalized silica gel as adsorbent for copper ion adsorption

A novel adsorbent (AMPS-silica) was synthesized by bounding AMPS (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) onto silica surface, which functioned with -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane reagent. The adsorbent was characterized by nitrogen adsorption/ desorption measurement, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and potentiometric titration analysis. The TGA result indicated that the surface modification reactions introduced some organic functional groups onto the surface of silica. The surface area of AMPSsilica was 389.7 m2/g. The adsorbent was examined for copper ion removal in series of batch adsorption experiments. Results showed that the adsorption of Cu2+ onto AMPS-silica was pH dependent, and the adsorption capacity increased with increasing pH from 2 to 6. The adsorption kinetics showed that Cu2+ adsorption was fast and the data fitted well with a pseudo second- order kinetic model. The adsorption of Cu2+ onto AMPS-silica obeyed both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, with r2 = 0.993 and r2 = 0.984, respectively. The maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity was 19.9 mg/g. The involved mechanism might be the adsorption through metal binding with organic functional groups such as carboxyl, amino and sulfonic groups. Cu2+ loaded on AMPS-silica could be desorbed in HNO3 solution, and the adsorption properties remain stable after three adsorption-desorption cycles.     

Ethyl thiosemicarbazide intercalated organophilic calcined hydrotalcite as a potential sorbent for the removal of uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) ions from aqueous solutions

This work was conducted to determine the practicability of using a new adsorbent 4-ethyl thiosemicarbazide intercalated,organophilic calcined hydrotalcite(ETSC-OHTC) for the removal of uranium(U(VI)),and thorium(Th(IV)) from water and wastewater.The FTIR analysis helped in realizing the involvement of nitrogen and sulphur atoms of ETSC in binding the metal ions through complex formation.Parameters like adsorbent dosage,solution pH,initial metal ions concentration,contact time and ionic strength,that influence adsorption phenomenon,were studied.The optimum pH for maximum adsorption of U(VI) and Th(IV) was found to be in the range 4.0-6.0.The contact time required for reaching equilibrium was 4 hr.The pseudo second-order kinetic model was the best fit to represent the kinetic data.Analysis of the equilibrium adsorption data using Langmuir,Freundlich and Sips models showed that the Freundlich model was well suited to describe the metal ions adsorption.The K F values were 25.43 and 29.11mg/g for U(VI) and Th(IV),respectively,at 30°C.The adsorbent can be regenerated effectively from U(VI) and Th(IV) loaded ones using 0.01mol/L HCl.The new adsorbent was quite stable for many cycles,without much reduction in its adsorption capacity towards the metals.     

壳聚糖/改性平菇复合吸附剂对Cr(VI)的吸附特性

以壳聚糖和经酒石酸改性的平菇粉末为材料,通过戊二醛进行交联反应,制得壳聚糖-改性平菇凝胶小球（CMPOD）复合生物吸附剂,用于水溶液中Cr（VI）的吸附去除.结果表明,在实验所测pH值（2~10）范围内,复合吸附剂对Cr（VI）的吸附量随着pH值上升而降低;随着Cr（VI）初始浓度或温度的提高,吸附剂对Cr（VI）的吸附量均相应增加,当Cr（VI）初始浓度为600mg/L,温度为50℃,Cr（VI）吸附量可达190mg/g以上;Cr（VI）的吸附符合准二级动力学方程及Freundlich等温吸附模型;热力学分析表明,吸附剂对Cr（VI）的吸附过程为自发的吸热反应.扫描电镜（SEM）分析显示,吸附剂具有发达的网状结构,吸附Cr（VI）后网状孔隙被填充,且能谱分析（EDS）出现明显的Cr（VI）吸收峰;傅立叶红外光谱分析（FTIR）表明,壳聚糖中的氨基成功引入复合吸附剂中,在Cr（VI）吸附中为主要作用官能团.     

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using red loess as an adsorbent

The adsorption behaviors of heavy metals onto novel low-cost adsorbent, red loess, were investigated. Red loess was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results indicated that red loess mainly consisted of silicate, ferric and aluminum oxides. Solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration, contact time and temperature significantly influenced the efficiency of heavy metals removal. The adsorption reached equilibrium at 4 hr, and the experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto red loess was endothermic, while the adsorption of Pb(II) was exothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of red loess for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were estimated to be 113.6, 34.2 and 17.5 mg/g, respectively at 25°C and pH 6. The maximum removal efficiencies were 100% for Pb(II) at pH 7, 100% for Cu(II) at pH 8, and 80% for Zn(II) at pH 8. The used adsorbents were readily regenerated using dilute HC1 solution, indicating that red loess has a high reusability. All the above results demonstrated that red loess could be used as a possible alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution.     

Dye removal from wastewater using the adsorbent developed from sewage sludge

Introduction Adsorptionisrelevantinenvironmentalpollutionandprotectionwithreferencetowaterandwastewatertreatment(Bowen,1992).Toxicmaterials,hazardousionsanddyes fromindustrialeffluentsbythewayofadsorptionareofgreatsignificantinconnectionwithenvironmentala…     

Adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions from industrial effluents using activated carbon derived from waste coconut buttons

Removal of heavy metal ions from industrial effluents by the activated carbon prepared by steam activation of waste coconut buttons through batch adsorption process.