污水中磷酸盐的离子交换分离初探

在日化工业磷酸盐解析方法的基础上,针对污水中各磷酸盐含量特征,对树脂床高度、淋洗液流速和用量等因素作了选择研究,确定了分离污水中各种磷酸盐及测定其含量的条件和步骤。     

云南河口旅游资源的开发利用

云南河口旅游资源的开发利用管宁生（云南大学旅游研究所，昆明６５００９１）河口瑶族自治县（简称河口县），位于云南省红河哈尼族、彝族自治州的最南端，并与越南山水相依。河口县城是我国国家级口岸，北有昆河铁路、公路可直达省会昆明；南有铁路、公路、水路直通越南...     

黄河断流的生态思考

黄河是中华民族的摇篮，是中国古老文化的发祥地。千百年来，滔滔不尽的黄河水哺育了祖祖辈辈的两岸人民，记录了这里的人民为了争取生存与发展而进行的抵御自然灾害威胁和反抗外来民族侵略的可歌可泣的历史。然而进入20世纪70年代以来，不尽的黄河却连年断流，引起了社会各界的强烈关注。面对严峻的环境形势，人们开始了深层次的思考。一、黄河断流情况及趋势分析据有失资料分析，黄河断流自1972年起始之后，在距今25年的变化过程中，其断流频数、历时和河道长度，均不断增加。以距河口最近的利津水文断面（距河口仍有136千米）为例，70年…     

乌江河口特征及其航道整治

乌江流域人口众多,物产丰富,流经川、黔、湘、鄂4省46个县市。乌江承担了该流域对外运输量的90%,1985年货运量达144.4万 t、客运量达195.4万人次,2000年货运量将达466万 t、客运量达520万人次。乌江河口是乌江与长江衔接的咽喉,目前在枯水期乌江仅有唯一的通道——灌口航漕与     

河口地区水电开发的生态环境保护措施初探

河口地区作为整条河流生态环境最复杂的河段,其开发过程中的保护措施研究越来越受到重视,本文以安谷水电站开发过程中的生态环境保护措施研究为例,从优化工程方案、提出减缓措施及修复方案3个角度,初步探究大渡河河口段水电开发过程中的生态环境保护工作,做到在保护生态的前提下积极开发水电。     

河北省河口港址资源质量等级评价

河北省共有31个河口港址,广泛分布于河北省沿海地区。在实地调研和广泛收集数据的基础上,采用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法,对河北省河口港址的自然条件和社会经济状况进行了定性、定量分析。根据分析结果将河口港址资源划分为4个质量等级,提出了不同质量等级河口港址资源开发利用的具体措施。     

河口问题诱因分析——以太湖为例

河口是具有高生产力与多样性的水陆物质交换区域。受小流域环境的影响,不同入湖河口的地貌与水文特征差异显著,致使河口种类繁多。从自然地理与水动力两方面独立分析了影响入湖河口形态及冲淤变化的主要因素,分别以此为基础划分河口类型。根据水动力分类指标,得出环太湖河口的6种基本类型。针对不同的环境压力,预测入湖河口形态受人类活动影响的演变趋势,为建设入湖河口管理区与生态修复模式提供思路。     

黄河故道资源的开发利用

叙述了黄河故道地区的基本情况及实施农业资源综合开发的必要性。从总体技术方向、技术应用原则、技术进步目标、适用模式诸方面提出了黄河故道地区资源开发利用的7种技术模式。     

长江口泥沙和沉积物中磷酸盐存在形态的研究

本文根据长江口河段特性及河段中排污口分布特点,疏稀合理地设置监测站点。在长江口河段布点采样、实验室分析的基础上,对长江口泥沙和沉积物中磷酸盐的存在形态进行分析研究,得到了长江口泥沙和沉积物中及沉积物不同粒径中各形态磷的分布特性,其结果对长江口水质管理、污染控制具有现实意义。     

高效藻类塘磷酸盐去除机理研究

从磷酸盐化学沉淀和藻类吸收两个方面探讨了高效藻类塘中磷酸盐的去除机理。首先通过化学沉淀及其解析解释了高效藻类塘中pH与磷酸盐浓度昼夜变化规律;其次测定了pH=7．5时藻类对磷酸盐的日均吸收速率;最后对高效藻类塘中磷酸盐浓度的变化规律进行了总结。     

Nonpoint Source Loading Rates From Selected Land Uses1

ABSTRACT: Loading rates derived from monitoring natural runoff from selected land uses are compared. Land uses selected for evaluation are construction sites, barnyards, and agriculture (dairying). Runoff volumes, sediment, and nutrient fractions were monitored and expressed as areal loadings for comparison purposes. Sediment yield and total phosphorus (total P) loss was directly proportional to runoff (m³/ha). In decreasing order, the loadings for sediment and total P were as follows: construction site > barnyard > general dairying. Runoff from the barnyard area was approximately 10 times higher in soluble phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen than the other land uses under investigation. Areal loss for nitrate nitrogen was highest from the construction site and was attributed to the higher volume of runoff per unit area. Results show that barnyards in a dairying watershed are potentially a major source of sediment and nutrients, especially those dissolved fractions which have the potential for immediate water quality impacts. Relative to general agricultural land, urban construction sites also appear to be a major source of sediment and nutrients. As with barnyard sites, however, the effect of such sites on water quality likely depends on proximity to surface water bodies and other watershed characteristics affecting delivery ratios of contaminants.     

EFFICIENTLY REDUCING NONPOINT PHOSPHORUS LOADS TO LAKES AND RESERVOIRS1

ABSTRACT: Several problems that make it difficult to deal with water pollution from cropland are identified. The most immediate need is for a rational framework for determining where conservation programs can make an impact on eutrophication problems in reservoirs draining rural watersheds. This includes estimating the level of control that would be required for each local farm situation and the economic impacts for the planning area. A modeling approach is suggested for a planning area in Southeastern Pennsylvania.     

城市污水除磷技术发展

磷是水体富营养化的一个主要限制因素,控制出水中磷的浓度尤其重要。污水除磷方法有生物除磷、化学除磷及生态除磷,也可将各种方法组合使用,如生物一化学除磷、生物一生态除磷等,实际应用中应根据具体情况选择适宜的除磷方法。     

GB/T5750-2006标准比色列缓冲法测定pH值的改进

本文依据GB/T 5750-2006标准比色列缓冲溶液比色法测定生活饮用水中的pH值,结合我实验室的检测经验对国标中指示剂的配制等重要环节进行了补充,并采用标准缓冲溶液比色法和玻璃电极法同时对自来水、河水、井水及矿泉水的pH值进行了测定,相对偏差在0.2%~1.3%之间,结果满意。     

废水除磷方法与原理的研究进展

介绍了污水的各种常用除磷技术方法及原理,为不同条件下的污水除磷提供参考与选择的依据,并探讨了除磷技术的发展趋势。     

Proposals for rehabilitation and management of Isipingo lagoon and estuary,South Africa

The Isipingo lagoon and estuary, situated to the south of the Durban metropolitan area, on the east coast of South Africa, has been subjected to intense environmental degradation. Historical events, such as the building of a major airport and the development of an industrial township, have contributed to the reduction in water flow from 102 × 10⁶ m³/yr to 3 × 10⁶m³/yr between 1952 and 1969. Current environmental issues such as water quality, litter, noise, air pollution, and solid waste dumping are described. A rehabilitation and management program that seeks to address these issues is proposed. The main objectives of this program are: the improvement of the water flow, the improvement of the water quality, and the curtailment of the destruction of littoral zone elements. The rehabilitation proposal is summarized by means of a flow chart, which lists short-, medium-, and long-term actions and identifies parties and/or organizations responsible for implementing the actions. A two-tier management structure is proposed, with the first level comprising an environmental monitoring committee, consisting of organizations with scientific expertise who would function in a watchdog capacity, monitoring restoration efforts and intervening where actions are contrary to the objectives of the rehabilitation program. The second level would consist of an estuarine management committee, which would be responsible for evaluating the restoration program and modifying objectives where necessary.     

三级SBR法除磷脱氮研究

基于除磷脱氮的原理和环境要求提出三级SBR法的污水处理工艺。特点是将具有硝化、聚磷和去碳功能的细菌种群分别控制在三级反应器中以利于各类菌群能优势生长。与单级处理系统比较不仅提高效率并可以减少能耗,节约碳源。     

土壤对污染物的缓冲性研究进展

本文阐述了土壤对污染物的缓冲特性的概念,研究土壤对污染物缓冲性的目的和意义、历史、现状和前景,为土壤污染与防治提供了一定的理论依据。