大庆油田分布式防震减灾信息和辅助决策系统——系统框架研究

简要论述了国内外防震减灾信息和辅助决策系统的发展状况。以大庆油田防震减灾信息和辅助决策系统为基础，详细探讨了分布式防震减灾系统的框架研究，包括ArcIMS的应用、系统框架的二次开发、数据库的远程连接和调用和系统框架的集成等。同时阐述了分布式网络GIS已经成为防震减灾信息和辅助决策系统建设的一个重要发展方向和它的应用价值。     

数字江苏中的防震减灾数字系统

为推进经济的可持续与跨越式发展，配合 “数字江苏” 的建设，最大限度地减轻地震灾害所造成的损失，在 “数字江苏” 中建设防震减灾数字系统势在必行。 本文从防震减灾在可持续与跨越式发展战略中的地位和作用、防震减灾数字系统的组成、 “数字江苏” 中如何包含防震减灾数字系统、防震减灾数字系统建设进程及展望等几方面进行了探讨。     

大连防震减灾示范城市建设纪实

2008年10月,联合大连大学成立了大连防震减灾协会.协会成立以来在地震应急产品研发、地震安全社区建设等提供社会公共服务领域发挥了重要作用. 2008年成立了由包含外籍院士、专家及国内院士、专家组成的防震减灾专家库.有70余位专家积极参与震情会商,为大连防震减灾规划的制定建言献策,为实现大连防震减灾工作科学发展起到了积极作用.     

豫北地区防震减灾科普教育基地的建设与开发

介绍了豫北地区防震减灾科普基地的建设与开发,通过调研,规划、设计了符合该省要求的防震减灾科普教育馆及形式多样的地震科普宣传方案,制定了"河南省防震减灾科普教育基地申报和认定管理办法",配合豫北地区完成了安阳、焦作以及南阳的地震科普教育基地建设与开发.安阳、焦作、南阳的地震科普教育基地均被认定为"省级防震减灾科普教育基地".而其中南阳和焦作的还被认定为"国家级防震减灾科普教育基地".科普教育基地的建成,使该地区科普知识的宣传得到了广泛的开展,真正地提高了全民防震减灾意识,达到了减轻地震灾害的目的.     

防震减灾科普先行

近年来,防震减灾科普始终坚持贯彻落实习近平总书记关于防灾减灾救灾、自然灾害防治和科学普及等重要论述精神,广泛普及防震减灾科学知识和应急避险、自救互救技能,为增强社会防震减灾意识、提升全民防震减灾科学素养发挥了积极作用.紧抓全国防灾减灾日等重要主题日,组织地震系统各部门开展形式多样的特色科普.每2个月制定1次计划,力争做...     

安徽省防震减灾十年目标推进策略

防震减灾十年目标的提出 ,标志着我国防震减灾进入了一个新的发展阶段。本文在论述我国防震减灾十年目标的科学涵义的基础上 ,结合安徽省的实际 ,提出了具体的指标体系 ,并全面总结了组织实施十年目标的具体做法和阶段成果 ;概括为建立两个保障体系、三大技术系统、四大社会管理职能和一个统一领导的十年目标推进策略。     

我国城市防震减灾科普示范学校建设现状分析——以天津为例

为进一步完善我国防震减灾教育体系,提升社会公众地震灾害防御能力,以防震减灾科普示范学校为例,通过文献法、访谈法和逻辑法等,对天津47所防震减灾科普示范学校建设现状开展分析研究.研究结果表明,天津市构建了"政府主导、地震部门牵头、多部门联动、学校参与、社会支持"的防震减灾科普示范学校创建格局,探索出了一批有亮点、可推广的...     

图片新闻

加强防震减灾法律体系建设,推进依法行政,大力开展防震减灾事业发展政策研究意义十分重大,对推动我国防震减灾科学发展、改革创新．实现最大限度减轻地震灾害损失具有重要的作用,要以科学发展观为指导,全面、深入的推进防震减灾法律体系建设和政策研究．为防震减灾事业又好又快发展做出贡献。     

基于GIS的生命线防震减灾系统

生命线系统的震害预测和震害分析是防震减灾研究的重要内容。本文利用地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）强大的空间管理分析功能,建立了基于ＧＩＳ的生命线系统空间数据库,并根据生命线系统的特点,结合震害预测方法,在ＡｒｃＶｉｅｗ环境下集成了生命线防震减灾计算机系统。     

构建和谐社会做好服务与保障

沿海城市厦门市政府坚持“以人为本”的理念,切实把防震减灾工作纳入经济建设和社会发展的总体规划,努力营造全社会关心支持防震减灾工作的良好氛围,全面提高防震减灾能力,为构建和谐社会提供了有力的服务与保障。     

Cholera in Sudan: An account of an epidemic in a refugee camp in eastern Sudan, May-June 1985

In 1985 cholera has been a serious problem in the horn of Africa, particularly affecting the many famine victims and refugees in that region. In this paper the history of cholera in Africa is briefly summarized, as is the background to the current refugee situation in eastern Sudan. A cholera epidemic involving 1,175 cases in two adjacent refugee camps in eastern Sudan is described. In this epidemic there were thirteen inpatient deaths and thirty-eight known home deaths from cholera. The management of the epidemic is described in detail. Overall an average of 8 1. of intravenous fluid was used per case, a higher figure than was anticipated, probably because of the unexpected degree of vomiting and the shortage of trained nursing staff.
The relationship between cholera and malnutrition is explored and hypochlorhydria is suggested as the main reason for the increased susceptibility to cholera among malnourished populations. It was observed that severely malnourished adults and children appeared to nave less severe diarrhoea with their cholera, presumably because of reduced mucosal surface area and poor enterocyte function. Finally possible means of aborting cholera epidemics are discussed.     

A retrospective statistical review of deaths owing to migration through the southeasternmost land borders of the European Union,Greece 2000–14

The land borders of Evros, Greece, have been a common entry point for undocumented migrants on their way to Europe through Turkey. Adverse conditions, however, have resulted in many human casualties over the years. On the Greek side, 334 cadavers were retrieved between 2000 and 2014. This study provides a detailed forensic account of the humanitarian disaster in Evros to create an official scientific record of the situation. It showcases the gravity of the global issue of migration relating to health and mortality, and encourages communication and continual improvement of the approach and patterns of practices surrounding the subject. A retrospective statistical research review was conducted of border‐related fatalities between 2000 and 2014, assessing the age and gender of victims, the cause of death, the location of bodies, identification rates, and country of origin. Age ranged generally from 24 to 29 years, but infants and children were among the deceased.     

Complexity,continuity and change: livelihood resilience in the Darfur region of Sudan

Darfur farming and pastoralist livelihoods are both adaptations to the environmental variability that characterises the region. This article describes this adaptation and the longer‐term transformation of these specialised livelihoods from the perspective of local communities. Over several decades farmers and herders have experienced a continuous stream of climate, conflict and other shocks, which, combined with wider processes of change, have transformed livelihoods and undermined livelihood institutions. Their well‐rehearsed specialist strategies are now combined with new strategies to cope. These responses help people get by in the short term but risk antagonising not only their specialist strategies but also those of others. A combination of factors has undermined the former integration between farming and pastoralism and their livelihood institutions. Efforts to build resilience in similar contexts must take a long‐term view of livelihood adaptation as a specialisation, and consider the implications of new strategies for the continuity and integration of livelihood specialisations.     

Reflections on 40 years of Disasters, 1977–2017

This reflection, based on a keynote address to celebrate the fortieth anniversary of Disasters on 14 September 2017, begins by considering some of the prevailing assumptions that existed at the time of the journal's creation. Next is a summary of significant milestones during the past 40 years, covering major global trends, changing disaster impacts, and key developments in disaster risk management. Contrasting approaches in the first and fourth decade of the journal's history are then followed by examples of changes in terminology in the disaster field as an indication of shifting values. The paper goes on to explore the context of 2017, with observations of problem areas such as the loss of knowledge, failures to tackle the root causes of disasters, shortfalls in international assistance, and some negative attitudes. It closes by evaluating some current positive occurrences, including a reduction in casualties, sharing of experience, technological advances, and dramatic improvements in disaster warning.     

Fiji, land of tropical cyclones and hurricanes: A case study of agricultural rehabilitation

Tropical cyclones and hurricanes have a severe impact on the social and economic activities of affected communities. For small island nations in the Pacific region, the effects can be devastating because of their smallness. FQi and several other countries in the region are vulnerable to such disasters as they are situated in the zone where cyclones occur frequently.
During the last decade, the frequency of natural disasters and their adverse impact on die economic and social development of small nations like Fiji, has aroused awareness mat relief efforts must go beyond immediate "mopping up" operations to those which contribute to attaining longer term benefits through reconstruction and rehabilitation.
The paper outlines the 1985 agricultural rehabilitation program and discusses related issues and problems.     

Tsunami survivors' perspectives on vulnerability and vulnerability reduction: evidence from Koh Phi Phi Don and Khao Lak, Thailand

This paper presents the results of primary research with 40 survivors of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in two communities: Khao Lak (n=20) and Koh Phi Phi Don (n=20), Thailand. It traces tsunami survivors' perceptions of vulnerability, determines whether residents felt that the tsunami affected different communities differently, identifies the populations and sub-community groups that survivors distinguished as being more vulnerable than others, highlights community-generated ideas about vulnerability reduction, and pinpoints a range of additional vulnerability reduction actions. Tsunami survivors most consistently identified the 'most vulnerable' community sub-populations as women, children, the elderly, foreigners, and the poor. In Khao Lak, however, respondents added 'Burmese migrants' to this list, whereas in Koh Phi Phi Don, they added 'Thai Muslims'. Results suggest that the two case study communities, both small, coastal, tourism-dominated communities no more than 100 kilometres apart, have differing vulnerable sub-groups and environmental vulnerabilities, requiring different post-disaster vulnerability reduction efforts.     

火灾场景中玻璃破裂行为研究综述

建筑物在火场中的结构响应问题中,门窗玻璃在火场中的热响应特性及破裂脱落是影响火灾发展的重要因素之一。通过事故案例分析了火灾场景中玻璃破裂脱落的危害性,指出了研究火灾场景中玻璃受热破裂脱落的意义,并对目前火灾场景中玻璃受热破裂过程和主要形态、玻璃的破裂机理和判据等的研究现状进行了详细的分析,总结了目前实验和计算机模拟的最新研究进展和不足,为今后进一步开展玻璃受热破裂脱落研究提出了若干建议。     

中国内陆自然环境的干旱化与未来趋势

根据中国内陆陕西、甘肃部分地区５０９ａ旱涝资料和主要测站气象、水文实测数据,应用Ｗｏｒｄ９７图形处理系统,证明在５２６ａ序列中目前处在１１ａ、５０ａ滑动的干旱期。近４６ａ气温上升了０．３℃,年降水减少了８０ｍｍ,径流量减少了０．７８％,出现了明显的干旱化,环境变化趋势不容乐观。     

美国的洪泛平原管理

美国开展洪泛平原管理已有约40年历史，洪水保险计划是美国泛平原管理的主要措施。了解并借鉴他们的思路与具体策略，将有助于我国洪泛平原管理政策的制定。     

A general assessment of the environmental impact of refugees in Somalia with attention to the refugee agricultural programme

This paper attempts to examine the broad features of Somalia's harsh physical environment into which several hundreds of thousands of refugees, with mainly a nomadic or semi-nomadic life style and culture, dramatically descended six years ago. The thirty-six rural camps in which at least half of them live are described as is the refugee agricultural programme which is training several thousand families so that they may be "self-supporting." The four regions where the camps are located are each briefly summarized in terms of their soils, their climates, their natural vegetation, and the type of agriculture which the refugee farmers practice. A more detailed analysis is then given on the following critical environmental concerns: Vegetation and erosion on refugee farms, the growing problem of refugee livestock, the destruction of trees, and irrigation practices and salinity on refugee farms. The paper concludes with an argument to preserve Somalia's environment from careless and destructive exploitation, which is leading towards desertification, and calls for an in-depth study of the situation.