固定污染源排放低浓度颗粒物监测方法研究

青岛崂山电子仪器总厂有限公司针对滤筒采集低浓度颗粒物误差大,研发出以滤膜代替滤筒采集低浓度颗粒物的采样技术及方法。通过滤膜与滤筒两种采样装置现场比对监测实验,得出:监测低浓度颗粒物(<50mg/m3)时,滤膜采样装置优于滤筒采样装置。本文详细介绍了该技术方法,对当前固定污染源排放低浓度颗粒物的监测有非常重要的意义。     

玻璃纤维滤筒采集铅尘、铅烟预处理方法

探讨了一种快捷有效的降低玻璃纤维滤筒铅空白方法,即直接烘烤滤筒。该法操作简便,减少了试剂消耗量与操作时间。     

污染源颗粒物监测结果偏离的原因探讨

对比玻璃纤维滤筒在不同温度下的前处理效果,对比滤筒、滤膜在特殊情况下采样的差别,综合现场采样及质量控制的因素,查找、分析低浓度污染源颗粒物监测数据出现较大误差、数据失实、缺乏代表性的原因,提出解决办法,确保监测数据的准确性。     

化学法综合治理草浆造纸黑液的研究

本文采用凝聚-离心分离法对黑液进行预除硅,酸析沉淀法回收黑液中的木质素,并重点研究了混凝法和催化氧化法除去经提取木质素后的黑液中COD的最佳条件.研究结果表明,采用预先除硅-酸析沉淀-混凝-催化氧化联合流程可有效地处理黑液,处理水COD小于300mg/L,同时回收了木质素.     

石油裂解气中总汞采样方法的改进

石油裂解气中汞的形态主要有气态汞和颗粒态汞。《空气和废气监测分析方法》（第四版）,废气中汞有高锰酸钾溶液吸收法和玻璃纤维滤膜（滤筒）两种采样方法。溶液吸收法适合气态汞采样,滤膜（滤筒）采样法适合颗粒态汞采样。本文将两种采样方法串联对某石化企业的石油裂解气总汞进行监测分析,结果表明：石油裂解气中颗粒态汞与气态汞比例约为1：9;气态汞样品平行性较好,两个点位6次RSD值分别为17.2%和17.0%;颗粒态汞两个点位6次RSD值分别为25.3%和23.1%。建议对石油裂解气总汞监测采用玻璃纤维滤膜和高锰酸钾溶液吸收法串联采样。     

自制硝酸纤维滤膜测定大气中的铅

目前监测大气中的铅主要使用中速定性滤纸或聚三氯乙烯纤维滤膜作采样捕集剂,虽然阻尘效率高,但是前者阻力大、采气流量低,为能达到分析灵敏度和准确度,必须延长抽气时间,费时耗力;后者铅本底值高,含铅量不稳定,尤其当大气中铅浓度接近卫生标准时,用减空白平均值的方法误差较大。我们使用自制硝酸纤维滤膜,阻力较小,铅本底值低,     

火焰原子吸收光谱测定固定源废气中金属的消解液体系研究

环境标准中测定固定源废气中铅是用硝酸-过氧化氢溶液消解滤筒,而镍、镉是用硝酸-高氯酸溶液消解,在监测过程需要采集不同的滤筒,致使整个监测过程成本较大,耗时较多.本文集中研究了可以用于同时测定这三种金属元素的消解液体系.实验结果表明,氢氟酸-高氯酸-硝酸体系用来消解滤筒测定这三种元素具有很好的准确度和精密度,检出限分别为0.430 μg/m3(铅)、0.065 μg/m3(镉)、0.054 μg/m3(镍),各元素回收率在95.4％～105％之间,相对标准偏差均小于5％.     

硅钙肥对水稻吸收铅、镉的影响研究

通过盆栽试验,研究硅钙肥施用对铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)污染土壤上水稻生长、Pb、Cd吸收累积、硅浓度及土壤铅镉形态变化的影响。结果表明,硅钙肥施用显著增加水稻产量,与对照处理相比,水稻产量增加51.9%;硅钙肥施用后水稻茎秆、叶片、籽粒中Pb浓度及茎秆、籽粒中Cd浓度呈显著下降趋势,与重金属处理(M)相比,重金属+硅钙肥处理(MF)的水稻茎秆、叶片和籽粒中Pb浓度分别降低了50.9%,56.3%和24.3%,水稻茎秆和籽粒中Cd浓度则分别下降36.1%和60.4%;硅钙肥施用主要阻碍Pb由水稻根部向茎杆的转移,阻碍Cd由叶片向籽粒中的转移;硅钙肥施用增加了水稻各部位硅浓度,水稻地上部重金属浓度减少的原因可能是硅的沉积,各部位硅的浓度和重金属浓度呈现明显的负相关。水稻种植后,土壤Pb、Cd浓度都有一定程度的降低,硅钙肥施用未能明显促进土壤重金属从酸可溶态和可还原态向可氧化态和残渣态的转化。研究结果表明,在Pb、Cd污染的土壤上种植水稻时,可通过施用硅钙肥来降低稻谷中Pb、Cd的浓度从而降低铅镉污染的风险。     

用同位素方法评估天津市汽油无铅化进程

用同位素技术研究和评估天津市汽油无铅化进程.采用稀酸浸出法处理天津市1994～2001年冬春季节123个玻璃纤维滤膜大气颗粒物样品,测量了大气铅浓度和同位素丰度比(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb).结果表明,1994～2001年是我国汽油无铅化的重要时段,这期间大气颗粒物样品铅浓度有所下降,铅的同位素丰度比逐渐增加,表征了汽油无铅化进程中汽车尾气的贡献率减少,其他来源的贡献率上升.在汽油无铅化后,我国还应加强对铅污染的综合治理.     

脉冲喷吹滤筒除尘器在低尘环境中应用的可行性分析

为拓宽脉冲喷吹滤筒除尘器的应用范围,结合目前低浓度粉尘环境中特别是在空调净化系统中除尘、净化技术的发展和滤筒式除尘技术的优点,通过对脉冲喷吹滤筒除尘器在低浓度粉尘环境中的应用分析,特别是在空调净化系统中的应用分析,说明脉冲喷吹滤筒除尘器可以解决目前低浓度粉尘环境特别是空调净化系统中存在的一系列问题,对低浓度粉尘环境具有很好的除尘净化效果,且适合低浓度粉尘环境的特殊要求,在低浓度粉尘环境中应用时具有可行性和可靠性,从而进一步拓宽脉冲喷吹滤筒除尘器的应用范围。     

氨荒酸膦酸树脂滤器的制备及其在AAS分析中的应用

本文介绍了氨荒酸膦酸树脂过滤器的制备方法，以及应用该过滤器分离与富集地面水、海水中Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ多元素的适用条件。实际样品中的Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ等重金属离子经过过滤器过滤，被吸附在树脂滤层中，用少量酸洗脱，以ＡＡＳ测试，结果稳定、准确度高。此过滤器在痕量分析中具有很高的应用价值。     

原子荧光光谱法测定环境空气中锑

采用过氯乙烯滤膜采集环境空气中锑,盐酸-氢氟酸混酸体系微波消解滤膜,原子荧光光谱法测定锑。方法前处理操作过程简单、省时、酸用量少、环境污染小,方法的灵敏度和准确度都有很大的提高。采样体积为300L时,空气中锑的最低检出质量浓度为0.002mg／m3。     

Blank values of trace elements in aerosol filters determined by ICP-MS

Blank values of 30 elements in 19 different filter types from Gelman, Millipore, Nuclepore and Whatman have been compared. The filter media were extracted with dilute nitric acid and the element contents determined by ICP-MS. Large differences in blank values were observed between different filter materials. Glass fiber filters showed high blank values for a number of elements, whereas PTFE filters were generally the cleanest. However, most filter types showed high blank values of one or more elements of environmental interest.     

多功能富氧净水器在养殖领域的研究与应用

多功能富氧净水器的研究,采用聚丙烯微孔滤膜、复合活性炭纤维、酸性洗涤纤维及复合炭粒作为过滤吸附材料,并采用三碘树脂杀菌剂和载银活性炭复合杀菌剂进行灭菌,应用"综合过滤渗透法"的机理,将净化、矿化、灭菌、增氧等有机结合并进行反复的研究和试验,有效去除了水中微生物、污染物,降低化学需氧量和水的硬度,达到净化水质,增加水中溶解氧等预期效果,成功的应用在水产养殖等领域。     

Determination of aerosol strong acidity losses due to interactions of collected particles: Results from laboratory and field studies

Existing methods of measuring atmospheric aerosol strong acidity adequately prevent neutralization of fine-particle acidity by removing course alkaline particles and gaseous ammonia from air samples. However, these techniques do not consider particle interactions on the collection medium; therefore, they may still underestimate the actual aerosol acidity. Assessment of acid neutralization due to such interactions is made possible using annular denuder technology in conjuction with a newly designed filter pack. The amount of sulfate-related acidity neutralized by the collected ammonium nitrate (and possibly ammonium chloride and organic acid ammonium salts) is determined. Laboratory data suggest that large fractions of sulfate-related aerosol acidity are neutralized by ammonium nitrate particles during collection on filter media. Field data from the Harvard Acid Aerosol Health Effects Study also suggest that ammonium nitrate and possibly other ammonium salts, such as ammonium chloride, neutralize collected acid aerosols. For low-acid aerosol concentrations, the correction factor is significant; whereas, for high-acid concentrations, correction is negligible.     

工业废气中异丁酸的测定

建立了用离子色谱法测定工业废气中异丁酸的新方法。废气中异丁酸经淋洗液吸收,0．45μm微孔滤膜过滤后离子色谱法分析,时间定性,峰高定量,其异丁酸回收率为93．5％～104．2％,消采样体积为20L的条件下,异丁酸最低检出质量浓度为0．02mg／m^3。     

离子色谱法测定废气中硫酸雾的前处理方法的改进

摘要：根据HJ544—2009标准,废气中硫酸雾样品的前处理步骤为：加热浸出、经中速定量滤纸过滤、定容、过阳离子交换树脂柱、经0．45μm微孔滤膜抽滤。根据工作实践,可将前处理步骤简化为：加热浸出、经0．45μm微孔滤膜（已前处理）抽滤、定容、过阳离子交换树脂柱。实验结果表明,取消中速定量滤纸过滤这一步骤不会对硫酸根离子的测定产生影响;0．45μm微孔滤膜经前处理后可提高硫酸根离子的洗脱效率;过阳离子交换树脂枉和抽滤两个步骤互换不会对测定结果产生影响。     

UBF两相生物反应器对渗滤液水质的稳定化作用

为解决渗滤液直接回灌型垃圾填埋反应器(R1)的酸化问题,利用厌氧污泥复合床(UBF)和卫生填埋反应器组合为垃圾两相厌氧消化系统(R2)对垃圾降解。结果表明,与渗滤液直接回灌的R1生物反应器系统相比,UBF型两相厌氧生物反应器系统对渗滤液中有机物质的去除率更高,COD降至24600mg/L,NH3-N浓度保持在1130mg/L,pH值始终维持在7.26,为垃圾渗滤液的后续处理工艺提供了方便。此外,UBF型两相厌氧生物反应器产气性能更好,累积产气量是R1的3.06倍。     

Comparative study of microbial community structure in di erent filter media of constructed wetland

Comparisons of microbial community structure, in eight filter media of zeolites, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter media, gravel, steel slag and bio-ceramic, were undertaken by analyzing the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition. A total of 20 fatty acids in the range of C11 to C20 were determined but only 13 PLFAs were detected in steel slag. They consist of saturated fatty acids, branched fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The variation of fatty acids was revealed in the relative proportions of these fatty acids in di erent media. The aerobic prokaryotes were the predominant group in all media. The PLFA composition showed significant di erences among the eight di erent media by Tukey’s honestly test. It was found that steel slag was significantly di erent in the microbial community as compared to other filter media, probably due to its alkaline e uent. Steel slag alone is probably not a good choice of substratum in constructed wetlands. The principle components analysis (PCA) showed that zeolites, bio-ceramic, shale and vermiculite had a similar microbial community structure while steel slag and ceramic filter media were distinct from other media.     

Comparative study of microbial community structure in different filter media of constructed wetland

Comparisons of microbial community structure, in eight filter media of zeolites, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter media, gravel, steel slag and bio-ceramic, were undertaken by analyzing the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition. A total of 20 fatty acids in the range of C_(11) to C_(20) were determined but only 13 PLFAs were detected in steel slag. They consist of saturated fatty acids, branched fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The variation of fatty acids was revealed in the relative proportions of these fatty acids in different media. The aerobic prokaryotes were the predominant group in all media. The PLFA composition showed significant differences among the eight different media by Tukey's honestly test. It was found that steel slag was significantly different in the microbial community as compared to other filter media, probably due to its alkaline effluent. Steel slag alone is probably not a good choice of substratum in constructed wetlands. The principle components analysis (PCA) showed that zeolites, bio-ceramic, shale and vermiculite had a similar microbial community structure while steel slag and ceramic filter media were distinct from other media.