有关"致癌保鲜膜"问题的探讨

食品保鲜膜应用广泛,影响面大,"致癌保鲜膜"问题在我国掀起轩然大波;介绍食品保鲜膜的主要材质:聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC);分析哪些保鲜膜不安全;增塑剂DEHA是否致癌物,为什么有比较安全的PE保鲜膜,商家还要使用存在安全隐患的PVC保鲜膜;为什么有其他合法增塑剂不用,还要用违反国标的DEHA;不加增塑剂的保鲜膜是否绝对安全;保鲜膜能否放在微波炉里加热;有人不敢用保鲜膜,改用塑料袋、微波炉塑料容器了,是否保险.     

东莞市大岭山镇:打造现代生态新城创建全国环境优美乡镇

东临风光迤逦的松山湖,北靠同沙自然保护区,西南依大岭山森林公园,倚山傍湖,生成了大岭山镇的天生丽质.近年来,大岭山镇委、镇政府将建设"依山傍湖的现代生态新城"作为新时期战略目标,在"创建省卫生镇"等一系列工作上,获得喜人成绩.     

打破僵局

"我们拔了18吨,仍不见动静,请领导拿意见."4月13日,当河南油田井下作业二部副经理靳水生和工艺人员赶到L1256井场时,201修井队技术员范红禅立即向他们汇报拔钻解卡情况. "好,再拔拔看!"听到指令,司机汪佳柱启动30吨斜井作业机,一手扶离合器手柄,一手握刹把,脚踩油门,两眼紧盯指挥手势.作业机吼叫着,掐着油管的"脖子"使劲往上拽,那架势如同一场拔河比赛.压力器指针指向了18吨,油管还是一动不动.     

中俄界河黑龙江沿岸地区自然保护区建设和管理研究

随着生产力水平的不断提高和世界经济一体化趋势的快速发展,国际河流已成为有关国家开发的热点,国际河流的生态保护与生态安全是国家维护自身生态安全的前沿.界河--黑龙江流域可持续发展,对边境地区的稳定.防止流域生态退化和保护黑龙江流域森林、黑土地、湿地等资源具有重要意义.界河沿岸地区的自然保护区在保护该地区的生态环境,生物多样性、生态系统功能和国土安全方面起到了非常重要的作用.文章介绍了界河沿岸地区自然保护区的发展状况以及数量、面积、类型、分布和管理等现状,分析了制约自然保护区发展的主要因素提出了因地制宜的建设该地区自然保护区的有效措施及发展方向.     

天津快速的经济发展造成的环境问题及具对策

直面冷峻的环境现状,每一个有理性与责任感的公民无不忧心如焚.蔽日的烟云、腥臭的污河、毒化的农田和振聋发聩的噪音一刻不歇地疯狂考验和鞭笞着人们从心灵到生理的忍耐极限.本文使用大量详实的数据还原出天津环保的真相,社会各界的高度关注、积极参与和成效卓著的努力让我们对天津山清水秀的明日充满了期待.     

浅析电子政务信息的定位及实践

2006年起,广西壮族自治区地震局把做好政务信息工作摆上了重要议事日程,安排了专人负责,落实了措施,落实了专项经费,政务信息工作发生了质的飞跃.特别是信息管理员制度和激励机制从根本上改观了政务信息往日的面貌.本文介绍了广西壮族自治区地震局电子政务信息工作在事业发展中的定位、主要做法、成效和经验,意在抛砖引玉,加强学习和交流.     

上海市交通干道空气中挥发性有机物冬季污染特征研究

2004年冬季对上海市交通干道附近空气中的挥发性有机物进行了连续6天的监测.采用GC-MS定性检出28种物质,芳香烃和烷烃分别占32%和25%.在检出物中有8种属于美国EPA优先控制的有毒有害物质.GC-FID定量表明,芳香烃中含量最高的是苯系物(BTEX)苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯,其中甲苯浓度最高.苯系物的浓度与一氧化碳和二氧化氮的良好相关性说明苯系物的来源与机动车尾气密切相关,而且都受风速和车流量的影响.     

电石渣综合利用研究进展

详细介绍了电石渣在生产建材,治理环境污染,生产化工产品等方面的利用,并对它们在处理效果,创造的经济效益及实际应用过程中遇到的问题进行了分析.提出了一种处理电石渣的有效方法--生产具备高附加值的纳米碳酸钙,在实现经济效益的同时,还能创造良好的环境效益及社会效益.     

惯性(小小说)

每天的17:30分,我们乘坐的班车在下班号响后会准时驶出厂门,出了厂门的右侧有个站,这儿是机关干部的上车点. 由于班车从我们车间始发,近水楼台先得月,我便有了固定的座位,一个位于车尾,靠窗的单座.而每天经过厂门口停站时,总会上来一个人,站在我边上,伸出一只毛茸茸的手抓住扶手.从那一身将校呢的制服上,我了解到他是厂武装部长,姓王,今年初刚转业到我们厂工作.     

"难缠"意味着什么

一次,我国一家工厂想接一位德商的棉布袋订单.对方要求,棉布袋的材料必须是本色棉布,两面的图案须用6种颜色印刷,而且对袋子的尺寸和提手的针脚都作了严格的规定.德商没有当场与这家工厂的厂长签约,而是提出在做出符合标准的样品后,再谈今后的合作.     

Nitrogen cycling of atmosphere-plant-soil system in the typical Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

The nitrogen (N) distribution and cycling of atmosphere-plant-soil system in the typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland (TMCW) and marsh meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland (MMCW) in the Sanjiang plain were studied by a compartment model. The results showed that the N wet deposition amount was 0.757 gN/(m2·a), and total inorganic N (TIN) was the main body (0.640 gN/(m2·a)). The ammonia volatilization amounts of TMCW and MMCW soils in growing season were 0.635 and 0.687 gN/m2, and the denitrification gaseous lost amounts were 0.617 and 0.405 gN/m2, respectively. In plant subsystem, the N was mainly stored in root and litter. Soil organic N was the main N storage of the two plant-soil systems and the proportions of it were 93.98% and 92.16%, respectively. The calculation results of N turnovers among compartments of TMCW and MMCW showed that the uptake amounts of root were 23.02 and 28.18 gN/(m2·a) and the values of aboveground were 11.31 and 6.08 gN/(m2·a), the re-translocation amounts from aboveground to root were 5.96 and 2.70 gN/(m2·a), the translocation amounts from aboveground living body to litter were 5.35 and 3.38 gN/(m2·a), the translocation amounts from litter to soil were larger than 1.55 and 3.01 gN/(m2·a), the translocation amounts from root to soil were 14.90 and 13.17 gN/(m2·a), and the soil (0-15cm) N net mineralization amounts were 1.94 and 0.55 gN/(m2·a), respectively. The study of N balance indicated that the two plant-soil systems might be situated in the status of lacking N, and the status might induce the degradation of C. angustifolia wetland.     

喀斯特石漠化生态恢复中的生物多样性研究进展

喀斯特生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,生态恢复是喀斯特石漠化治理的核心任务,研究石漠化生态恢复机理、优化生态系统功能、提升生态系统服务和实现喀斯特生态环境可持续发展是当前石漠化治理的重要议题.通过对遗传、物种、生态系统和景观四个层次生物多样性退化与恢复的关注,生物多样性作为重要的生态系统特征及表征指标,在石漠化生...     

锌冶炼-氯碱复合污染区昆虫中的重金属

采集葫芦岛草地中14种昆虫（植食性、杂食性、肉食性）及蚯蚓,测定生物体内汞、镉、铅含量,研究生物体内重金属污染情况.植食性昆虫汞、镉、铅平均含量分别为0.168、 9.19、 12.58 mg·kg^-1;杂食性昆虫汞、镉、铅平均含量分别为0.375、 24.43、 17.71 mg·kg^-1;肉食性昆虫汞、镉、铅平均含量0.928、 29.78、 18.39 mg·kg^-1;蚯蚓平均汞含量为1.923 mg·kg^-1,葫芦岛生物体内重金属污染严重.不同种类昆虫对重金属的富集能力差异较大,蜗牛、蜻蜓对汞的富集能力较高;蜘蛛对镉、铅的富集能力较高.昆虫体内重金属含量顺序为汞<铅<镉.汞、镉、铅含量由低到高的顺序均为植食性昆虫<杂食性昆虫<肉食性肉昆虫,杂食性昆虫与肉食性昆虫平均镉、铅含量之间较为接近.昆虫体内镉、铅含量之间极显著相关,而汞与镉、汞与铅含量之间的相关性较差.表明昆虫体内镉铅具有同一来源,而汞的来源较为复杂.     

胶态泡沫在饱和介质迁移特性及对PCE冲洗效果

利用表面活性剂胶态微泡沫冲洗技术来提高四氯乙烯（PCE）在地下水的溶解性和流动性,提高污染物迁移通量,强化去除效果.主要工艺参数和影响因素对泡沫稳定性的影响,结果表明4000r/min的搅拌转数即可产生稳定的胶态微泡沫,泡沫稳定性随表面活性剂浓度增大有小幅度提高,PCE对泡沫稳定性有不利影响;胶态微泡沫在含水层的迁移规律表明,泡沫前端迁移时不断破裂并气液分离,形成气体在上部,液体在下部,后续泡沫稳定向前推流的迁移模式,泡沫在含水层中受到地下水的静水压力,与在土壤迁移相比其体系压力更大,泡沫破裂更严重、迁移速率更慢;和液体冲洗相比,泡沫冲洗对PCE增溶增流效果明显,介质粒径为0.1~0.25mm、0.25~0.5mm和0.5~1mm时,PCE去除率分别达到83.7%、90.8%和98.2%,介质粒径越大,去除效果越明显.     

Integrating mitigation and adaptation into climate and development policy: three research questions

The potential for developing synergies between climate change mitigation and adaptation has become a recent focus of both climate research and policy. Presumably the interest in synergies springs from the appeal of creating win–win situations by implementing a single climate policy option. However, institutional complexity, insufficient opportunities and uncertainty surrounding their efficiency and effectiveness present major challenges to the widespread development of synergies. There are also increasing calls for research to define the optimal mix of mitigation and adaptation. These calls are based on the misguided assumption that there is one single optimal mix of adaptation and mitigation options for all possible scenarios of climate and socio-economic change, notwithstanding uncertainty and irrespective of the diversity of values and preferences in society. In the face of current uncertainty, research is needed to provide guidance on how to develop a socially and economically justifiable mix of mitigation, adaptation and development policy, as well as on which elements would be part of such a mix. Moreover, research is needed to establish the conditions under which the process of mainstreaming can be most effective. Rather than actually developing and implementing specific mitigation and adaptation options, the objective of climate policy should be to facilitate such development and implementation as part of sectoral policies. Finally, analysis needs to focus on the optimal use and expected effectiveness of financial instruments, taking into account the mutual effects between these instruments on the one hand, and national and international sectoral investments and official development assistance on the other.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

挥发性有机物泄漏检测与修复技术经验研究

近年来挥发性有机物的泄漏检测及有效修复越来越受环保重视,介绍了挥发性有机物泄漏检测与修复技术,详细分析了检测过程中的实施经验,结合实际经验对现存现场检测中排放源遗漏、挂牌、检测及复测、泄漏检测介质的选择、人员、泄漏量统计及控制标准等问题进行了探讨.提出了对该项技术今后的展望,化工类企业可通过泄漏和逸散排放的检测以及相关管理体制的建立有效查找泄漏并及时修复.     

基于激光雷达的北京市气溶胶光学参数季节特征

利用米散射激光雷达ALS300系统在北京城区开展了为期近1年的观测,观测时间为2009年6月~2010年5月份.先将观测数据划分为春(3~5月份)、夏(6~8月份)、秋(9~11月份)、冬(12~2月份)四个季节,再对数据进行质量控制.研究了气溶胶后向散射系数、消光系数以及气溶胶光学厚度AOT和大气边界层的日均值变化特征,以及这些要素的季节和全年特征统计值.结果表明,气溶胶消光系数和后向散射系数的日平均变化形态趋于相同,数量上消光系数是后向散射系数的约10倍.它们的季节平均值廓线形态结构也并没有呈现出明显的季节性结构特征差异,2个系数最大递减均发生在1km高度范围内.在0.15~3.0km高度范围做垂直平均,夏季的后向散射系数和消光系数有最大平均值(分别为31.2Mm^-1·sr^-1和517.0Mm^-1),说明夏季有较强对流.冬季后向散射系数和消光系数最低.对于冬、春2个季节,700m高度是2个量大小分化的高度.700m高度以上,春季的后向散射系数和消光系数均大于冬季.AOT和大气边界层高度的日均值波动特性明显,日均值最大振幅出现在春季.月平均来说,在春季,气溶胶层高度和边界层高度最高(分别为3450m和970m),冬季最低(分别为2970m和712m).春、夏季节AOT波动变化大,而在秋季和冬季变化比较平缓.春夏秋冬4个季节的平均气溶胶光学厚度分别是0.689、0.699、0.571和0.647.     

ATR-FTIR and XPS study on the structure of complexes formed upon the adsorption of simple organic acids on aluminum hydroxide

Information on the binding of organic ligands to metal （hydr）oxide surfaces is useful for understanding the adsorption behaviour of natural organic matter on metal （hydr）oxide. In this study, benzoate and salicylate were employed as the model organic ligands and aluminum hydroxide as the metal hydroxide. The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared （ATR-FTIR） spectra revealed that the ligands benzoate and salicylate do coordinate directly with the surface of hydrous aluminum hydroxide, thereby forming innersphere surface complexes. It is concluded that when the initial pH is acidic or neutral, monodentate and bridging complexes are to be formed between benzoate and aluminum hydroxide while bridging complexes predominate when the initial pH is alkalic. Monodentate and bridging complexes can be formed at pH 5 while precipitate and bridging complexes are formed at pH 7 when salicylate anions are adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. The X-ray photoelectron （XP） spectra demonstrated the variation of C 1 s binding energy in the salicyate and phenolic groups before and after adsorption. It implied that the benzoate ligands are adsorbed through the complexation between carboxylate moieties and the aluminum hydroxide surface, while both carboxylate group and phenolic group are involved in the complexation reaction when salicylate is adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide. The information offered by the XPS confirmed the findings obtained with ATR-FTIR.     

中国自然资源研究的发展历程及展望

自20世纪50年代以来,在以服务国家战略需求为导向的大规模、长时期、持续的自然资源综合考察活动推动下,中国自然资源研究形成了跨部门、跨学科、跨地区的综合集成的发展特色,并且在“任务带学科”的发展过程中也逐步创建了较为系统的资源科学理论基础和实证方法论体系。面对自然资源部成立以来国家对自然资源综合管理体制深化改革的重大需求,推动建立并完善独立的资源科学学科体系,已成为当前我国自然资源研究领域的重要任务。本文系统梳理了20世纪50年代至21世纪初中国自然资源综合考察和研究的发展过程,着重论述了不同时期的重点发展方向及特点,完成了对不同时期历史机遇的总结与展望。可以发现：中国自然资源研究已经形成了国家需求导向并引领学科建设的发展趋势,未来应继续坚持以多学科整合为特色的综合研究范式,开拓中国特色的资源科学系统研究新视角;加快形成完整的学科体系,完善资源科学人才培养体系;加强资源科学的学科史研究,厘定资源科学与地理学、地质学、生态学、环境科学等相关学科的相互关系,积极引入大数据理论框架及技术优势,创新“自然资源大数据”或“资源利用大数据”等相关理论及技术,建立自然资源开发利用过程动态评价方法,为生态文明建设和可持续发展战略提供自然资源本底及其与生态环境综合影响评价方面的决策支持,探索解析自然资源利用过程中自然规律和社会经济规律以及两者之间的系统关联机制。