环境激素的内分泌干扰机制及其对人体的影响

环境激素问题的调查研究标志着地球环境时代的到来。重点讨论了环境激素的分类、特征及其内分泌干扰机制,并涉及了环境激素对人体的影响,以期引起人们的关注和重视,加强这方面的调查研究。     

有机垃圾热解生物碳的研究进展

生物碳是有机垃圾热解的产物。生物碳具有多孔性、高比表面积、高度芳香化结构,充当土壤活性调理剂能增加土壤微生物吸附性能,保水、保肥,促进作物生长,同时还具有贮碳功能。综述了近年来有机垃圾热解及热解生物碳的研究进展,着重介绍了生物碳的形成条件、特征结构、在土壤中的生物与非生物氧化过程,以及对全球气候变化和土壤环境效益等研究动态。展望了有机垃圾热解生物碳技术用于城镇有机垃圾处理的发展前景,提出应重点加强的几个研究方向:1)实现不同混合垃圾制取相似结构的生物碳;2)垃圾热解过程中污染物的控制;3)有机垃圾生物碳的土壤环境行为与环境效益。     

室内空气净化技术应用效果研究进展

综述了过滤技术、吸附技术、静电技术、催化技术、等离子体技术等室内空气净化技术净化颗粒及有害气体效果的研究进展,并统计分析了北京市主流市场上国内外知名空气净化器应用各类净化技术的净化效果.同时,说明了各类技术在实际应用时的不足.最后展望了各类净化技术应用于室内空气净化器的发展趋势.     

入侵植物生态效应及其影响因素研究进展

植物入侵生态效应研究往往受人类观念、研究尺度等多种因素影响。综述了入侵植物的生态效应,并分析了其影响因素。结果表明,入侵植物威胁人类健康和生物多样性的同时,也可能会给本地物种带来更多资源、庇护等。入侵植物标准、人类价值观念、研究时空尺度及全球变化等因素会影响入侵生态效应。入侵植物生态效应研究应加强经济影响方面的量化研究及全球变化情况下大尺度(尤其是全球尺度)研究,还应加强入侵植物管理冲突研究,并将公众知识水平、价值观念等纳入入侵管理,以尽可能地提前发现并权衡入侵管理与生态管理、社会管理的冲突。     

The impact of advances in production technology on industrial injuries: A review of the literature

The paper reviews scientific studies of the past two decades dealing with the effects of advances in production technology on industrial injuries. The main features of these studies and the evidence gathered with regard to injury frequency, severity and characteristics are described. The accident co-determinants pointed to by the studies are highlighted. Methodological and theoretical shortcomings are discussed, and a research agenda comprising five questions is proposed. The fairest conclusion at this stage is that technological change may have positive effects with regard to injury occurrence and also promote personal well-being. But the conditions and moderating factors enabling favorable outcomes are not yet fully understood.     

Presenteeism in the workplace: A review and research agenda

Presenteeism refers to attending work while ill. Although it is a subject of intense interest to scholars in occupational medicine, relatively few organizational scholars are familiar with the concept. This article traces the development of interest in presenteeism, considers its various conceptualizations, and explains how presenteeism is typically measured. Organizational and occupational correlates of attending work when ill are reviewed, as are medical correlates of resulting productivity loss. It is argued that presenteeism has important implications for organizational theory and practice, and a research agenda for organizational scholars is presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

富勒烯及其水溶性衍生物的生态毒性效应研究进展

富勒烯(C60)作为最具代表性的纳米材料之一,由于其独特的物理化学性质而得到广泛应用.然而,近年来研究发现,富勒烯及其水溶性衍生物能够与生物体作用而产生相应的毒性效应,这引起了学者和政府的关注.系统评述了富勒烯水悬液及水溶性富勒烯衍生物的制备,富勒烯在环境中暴露以及在生物体内的行为;重点介绍了富勒烯及其水溶性衍生物的生态毒性效应研究现状,讨论了其毒性效应可能的机理;最后归纳了影响其毒性效应的因素,并提出了需深入研究的问题.     

城市湿地生态系统服务功能评估研究进展

在回顾生态系统服务功能概念,总结城市湿地生态系统服务功能分类的基础上,着重评述了城市湿地生态系统服务功能最常用的评估方法——市场价值法、旅行费用法、恢复和防护费用法、影子工程法、碳税法、造林成本法、条件价值法、成果参数法,分析了各方法的适用范围与优缺点,并简要介绍了其他几种评估方法.比较了不同城市湿地的生态系统服务功能评估结果,最后提出了城市湿地生态系统服务功能评估的现有问题及发展趋势.     

含氮废水处理技术和工艺研究进展

太湖蓝藻危机进一步促使国内重点流域提高了氨氮及总氮的最高允许排放标准,推动了含氮废水处理技术的创新开发和处理工艺的应用推广.目前应用的脱氮技术主要包括物化法和生化法两大类,其中生化法中的新型生化脱氮技术是近年的研究热点,包括同步硝化反硝化、短程硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化和全程自养脱氮等工艺.综述了物化、生化及物化-生化集成脱氮技术,分析了含氨氮、有机氮、硝态氮、垃圾渗滤液等含氮废水适宦的处理工艺,指出物化-生化集成工艺及新型生物技术足经济、高效、稳定脱氮技术的发展趋势.     

土壤重金属污染及生物修复研究进展

土壤重金属污染不会被微生物降解、迁移性小、很难被清除、易在土壤中富集,一直备受国内外学者关注.研究土壤重金属污染规律,积极探索更有效、经济的污染修复新技术具有重要意义.对土壤重金属污染的来源、赋存形态和迁移规律进行了综述.土壤重金属污染主要来源于工业、农业、交通和能源消费;土壤中重金属的赋存形态可分为水溶态、交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残留态6种;土壤胶体的吸附作用、土壤中重金属与腐殖质的反应、土壤Eh值、土壤的pH值和土壤中的生物转化作用都对重金属的迁移转化有一定的影响.探讨了土壤重金属污染的修复技术,侧重讨论当前研究较多的生物修复,包括植物修复、微生物修复、植物-微生物和动物的协同修复.提出了研究中存在的问题及研究方向.     

A multilevel review of stressor research in teams

The contemporary work environment is characterized by an ongoing trend to embed employees in teams because of their expected abilities for handling complex tasks and integrating diverse sets of knowledge and skills. However, leveraging this potential is endangered by stimuli within and outside of teams that take a toll on cohesion and teamwork among team members. Understanding the role that stressors and demands play in the work-related functioning of teams and their members is therefore an increasingly important challenge in the organizational behavior literature. Whereas research on stressors and demands has primarily focused on the individual level, we expand the research scope by considering these phenomena to be multilevel. We perform an interdisciplinary review of the literature on these stimuli in teams and show how related research, such as that on destructive leadership, may benefit from a more balanced account and integration of frameworks on stressors. Our multilevel review is informative for the literature on stressors and demands at the individual and team levels, as it offers an important conceptual grounding for how and why various stimuli in this social environment differentially influence both the collective entity and its individual team members.