Leader communication approaches and patient safety: An integrated model

IntroductionLeader communication is known to influence a number of employee behaviors. When it comes to the relationship between leader communication and safety, the evidence is more scarce and ambiguous. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether and in what way leader communication relates to safety outcomes. The study examines two leader communication approaches: leader safety priority communication and feedback to subordinates. These approaches were assumed to affect safety outcomes via different employee behaviors.MethodQuestionnaire data, collected from 221 employees at two hospital wards, were analyzed using structural equation modeling.ResultsThe two examined communication approaches were both positively related to safety outcomes, although leader safety priority communication was mediated by employee compliance and feedback communication by organizational citizenship behaviors.ConclusionThe findings suggest that leader communication plays a vital role in improving organizational and patient safety and that different communication approaches seem to positively affect different but equally essential employee safety behaviors.Practical applicationsThe results highlights the necessity for leaders to engage in one-way communication of safety values as well as in more relational feedback communication with their subordinates in order to enhance patient safety.     

From the traditional concept of safety management to safety integrated with quality

This editorial reviews the evolution of the concepts of safety and quality that have been used in the traditional workplace. The traditional programs of safety are explored showing strengths and weaknesses. The concept of quality management is also viewed. Safety management and quality management principles, stages, and measurement are highlighted. The concepts of quality and safety guarantee are assessed. Total Quality Management concepts are reviewed and applied to safety quality. Total safety management principles are discussed. Finally, an analysis of the relationship between quality and safety from data collected from a company in Spain is presented.     

建筑施工安全类群管理模式研究——基于潜在类别模型

为了弥补现存"普适化"管理模式无法适应个性凸显的施工人力环境的缺陷,提出应充分考量个体特征差异建立类群管理模式(Group Management Model,GMM)。首先,整理归纳相关文献,确定了建筑工人个体素质测评指标及测量量表;然后,利用潜在类别分析方法对收集到的486份有效数据进行统计归类,将建筑工人归纳为"认知缺陷型"、"明知故犯型"和"优质型"3个类群,比例分别为40.96%、36.72%和22.32%。最后,就不同类群的建筑工人提取其潜在特征并进行详细的特征分析并据此制定针对性的管理措施,可为实现施工安全的精细化管理目标、提高制度的有效性和管理效率、降低管理成本提供科学的理论支撑。     

刍议建筑施工现场安全管理

建筑工程施工是一项多工种、多专业的复杂的系统工程,具有流动性强、周期长、受环境影响大的特点,施工现场管理的目的是有效地完成施工项目的合同目标,使企业取得一定的经济效益。安全管理是施工现场管理的基础,施工现场安全管理是一个系统工程,它所涉及的系统是一个人、机、料、法、环、测的系统,所研究的问题,也是人、机、料、法、环、测系统工程学的问题。安全管理的根本任务在于贯彻"安全第一,预防为主、综合治理"的安全方针,降低安全风险,防止事故发生,保障人民生命和财产安全。本文介绍了建筑施工现场安全管理的现状,分析了造成建筑施工安全事故的主要原因,并就如何贯彻"安全第一、预防为主、综合治理"的安全方针,有针对的提出了加强建筑施工现场安全管理的对策,可供同行借鉴和参考。     

国家重点实验室信息网络化的安全管理

探讨了国家重点实验室利用计算机网络通讯技术的飞速发展在创新性研究、国家安全等方面发挥越来越大作用之时所面临日益突出的网络安全管理问题.根据国家重点实验室网络的基本安全要求,分析了平台安全的体系结构,提出了安全技术产品或工具的具体部署图,来保证国家重点实验室在内部管理、学术交流和保密工作等方面能达到科学、高效和严密的预期效果.     

建筑企业系统安全管理方法探讨

将系统安全科学思想应用于建筑企业安全管理工作中,表明了安全管理因素与其他因素的联系,突出管理因素重要性.系统安全管理重点应放在事故预防的整体效应上,实行全员、全过程、全方位的安全管理.建筑企业采用PDCA安全管理模式,开展安全质量标准化活动,编制重大事故应急救援预案等手段提高安全生产工作水平.     

行为安全管理在施工中的应用分析

不良的行为习惯是导致事故的主要原因。为加强员工行为管理,提高安全行为意识,减少危险行为,本文简要介绍了建筑施工安全的管理现状,说明了行为安全管理的应用程序和方法,并将以人为中心的行为安全管理模式引入建筑施工企业,对行为安全管理提高安全的有效性进行了研究。通过在工程现场就危险因素进行为期4周的行为观察,分析发现,行为安全管理方法的实施对纠正不安全行为、提高安全管理水平效果明显,它有助于预防事故。同时,要保持较高的安全水平,应延长行为观察周期。行为安全管理是传统安全管理的补充,它的有效实施还需要员工直接参与行为观察、管理者支持以及相互的信任。     

一种整体化系统安全分析模型的探究

为了解决目前各系统安全分析方法侧重点不同,而分析对象又各有差异,在安全分析过程中各方法无法协同交叉使用,导致危险源辨识不够全面的问题。采用“霍尔三维模型”中,“逻辑维”分析问题的方法,研究了系统安全分析过程中的思维方式,提出了一种适用于企业安全分析的“系统安全分析四阶段法”。该方法明确了安全分析方法的选择过程,提出了系统安全分析方法循环使用的组合矩阵,并构建了系统自己的多阶段安全分析的普适性模型。     

安徽省乡镇渡口源头安全管理模式设计

基于安徽省乡镇渡运安全体制格局，根据新《内河交通安全管理条例》渡口审批管理制度，探索完善安徽省乡镇渡运安全源头管理新机制，研究设计安徽省乡镇渡口审批管理模式。     

An integrated method for safety pre-warning of complex system

In large-scale and complex industrial systems, unplanned outages and hazardous accidents cause huge economic losses, environmental contamination, and human injuries, due to component degradation, exogenous changes, and operational mistakes. In order to ensure safety and increase operational performance and reliability of complex system, this study proposes an integrated method for safety pre-warning to analyze the current safety state of each component and the whole system indicating hidden hazards and potential consequence, and furthermore predict future degradation trends in the long term.The work presented here describes the rationale and implementation of the integrated method incorporating HAZOP study, degradation process modeling, dynamic Bayesian network construction, condition monitoring, safety assessment and prognosis steps, taking advantage of the priori knowledge of the interactions and dependencies among components and the environment, the relationships between hazard causes and effects, and the use of historical failure data and online real-time data from condition monitoring.The application of the integrated safety pre-warning approach described here to the specific example of the gas turbine compressor system demonstrates how each phase of the presented method contributes to completion of the safety pre-warning system development in a systematic way.     

浅析我国建筑安全管理存在的问题及对策

建筑行业安全生产事故频发,死伤众多,不仅影响了经济发展和社会稳定,而且损害了党、政府和我国改革开放的形象。从目前建筑安全生产状况来看,无论是管理部门的监督管理还是建筑企业的内部管理,都存在着一些亟待解决的问题。这些问题直接影响甚至制约着建筑安全工作的发展,必须加以改进。本文首先提出我国当前建筑安全管理存在的主要问题,分别从国家、建筑企业、建筑工人三个方面进行分析;然后针对这些问题提出我国建筑安全管理的对策。     

建筑安全系统管理与控制研究

近年来,我国建筑行业安全形势总体稳定,安全状况趋于好转,但仍然不容乐观.本文对2007年全国建筑施工伤亡事故进行了分析,提出了建筑行业伤亡事故多发的原因与对策.首先,按照系统分层方法,将我国建筑安全系统划分为国家宏观管理层面、建筑企业层面、建筑施工作业现场层面等三个层次;其次,运用系统事故致因分析法,从低层面到高层面,反演分析了建筑系统的各个层次中存在的薄弱环节与危险因素;最后,针对这些薄弱环节与危险因素,提出了加强我国建筑安全系统管理与控制的对策与措施.     

Identifying elements of poor construction safety management in China

Construction is one of the most hazardous industries due to its unique nature. Measured by international standards, construction site safety records in China are poor. This paper aims to examine the status of safety management in the Chinese construction industry, explore the risk-prone activities on construction sites, and identify factors affecting construction site safety. The findings reveal that the behavior of contractors on safety management are of grave concern, including the lack of provision of personal protection equipment, regular safety meetings, and safety training. The main factors affecting safety performance include ‘poor safety awareness of top management’, ‘lack of training’, ‘poor safety awareness of project managers’, ‘reluctance to input resources to safety’ and ‘reckless operations’. The study also proposes that the government should play a more critical role in stricter legal enforcement and organizing safety training programs.     

Mitigating construction safety risks using prevention through design

Introduction

Research and practice have demonstrated that decisions made prior to work at construction sites can influence construction worker safety. However, it has also been argued that most architects and design engineers possess neither the knowledge of construction safety nor the knowledge of construction processes necessary to effectively perform Construction Hazards Prevention through Design (CHPtD).

Method

This paper introduces a quantitative methodology that supports designers by providing a way to evaluate the safety-related performance of residential construction designs using a risk analysis-based approach. The methodology compares the overall safety risk level of various construction designs and ranks the significance of the various safety risks of each of these designs. The methodology also compares the absolute importance of a particular safety risk in various construction designs.

Results

Because the methodology identifies the relevance of each safety risk at a particular site prior to the construction stage, significant risks are highlighted in advance. Thus, a range of measures for mitigating safety risks can then be implemented during on-site construction.

Impact on industry

The methodology is specially worthwhile for designers, who can compare construction techniques and systems during the design phase and determine the corresponding level of safety risk without their creative talents being restricted. By using this methodology, construction companies can improve their on-site safety performance.     

A comparative analysis of safety management and safety performance in twelve construction projects

IntroductionSafety management in construction is complicated due to the complex “nature” of the construction industry. The aim of this research was to identify safety management factors (e.g., risk management and site management), contextual factors (e.g., organisational complexity) and combinations of such factors connected to safety performance. Method: Twelve construction projects were selected to compare their safety management and safety performance. An analytical framework was developed based on previous research, regulations, and standards where each management factor was defined. We employed qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to produce case knowledge, compare the cases, and identify connections between the factors and safety performance. The material collected and analyzed included, for example, construction planning documents, reports from OHS-inspections, safety indicators, and interviews with project leaders and OHS experts. Results and conclusions: The research showed that: (a) the average score on 12 safety management factors was higher among projects with high safety performance compared to projects with low safety performance; (b) high safety performance can be achieved with both high and low construction complexity and organizational complexity, but these factors complicate coordination of actors and operations; (c) it is possible to achieve high safety performance despite relatively poor performance on many safety management factors; (d) eight safety management factors were found to be “necessary” for high safety performance, namely roles and responsibilities, project management, OHS management and integration, safety climate, learning, site management, staff management, and operative risk management. Site management, operative risk management, and staff management were the three factors most strongly connected to safety performance. Practical implications: Construction stakeholders should understand that the ability to achieve high safety performance in construction projects is connected to key safety management factors, contextual factors, and combinations of such factors.     

城市轨道交通工程质量安全管理信息化建设的方案设计

国内城市轨道交通工程建设因建设规模大、周期长、工期紧、风险大以及施工管理与技术力量不足等原因,易发生工程安全事故与质量隐患,传统的人为监督的技术手段已经难以满足城市轨道交通工程的质量安全管理需求。对城市轨道交通工程质量安全管理信息化建设的背景、现状、研究内容与应用实践情况进行介绍,重点研究了质量安全管理业务分类、内容及工作流程,质量安全管理信息化软件体系架构以及基于"云计算"的硬件与网络体系,并通过广州地铁质量安全管理信息化建设实践,探索了质量安全管理信息系统设计、应用与管理的方法,为其他城市组织开展类似工作提供借鉴。     

建立预防为主的安全长效管理模式

安全管理长期以来有两种代表性的观点:一种认为,安全问题不可多讲,越讲事故越多;而另一种认为安全就是--领导抓、抓领导,经常抓、抓经常,反复抓、抓反复.多年来各级领导的检查不少,但是安全形势并没有根本改善,安全管理经常处于救火、处于事故处理等十分被动的局面.