测定13种抗生素的固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法优化与应用

大量用于预防和治疗细菌和真菌性等疾病的抗生素药物未经完全代谢后最终进入自然水体,对饮用水源水质安全构成潜在威胁.为快速测定饮用水源水体中的抗生素残留,保障饮水安全,本论文建立一种固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定13种抗生素的分析方法.采用OASIS^? HLB小柱对水样进行固相萃取富集和净化,以甲醇和0.5%的甲酸(含5 mmol·L^-1乙酸铵)水溶液为流动相,经Kinetex^?C18色谱柱分离后采用三重四极杆串联质谱多反应监测模式分析.该方法检出限为0.05—1.66 ng·L^-1,定量限为0.17—5.52 ng·L^-1,回收率为70.2%—121.5%,相对标准偏差为1.1%—13.5%.该方法准确度高,灵敏度高,适用于饮用水源源水中痕量抗生素残留的测定.方法成功应用于厦门市饮用水源源水中抗生素残留分析,共检出7种抗生素,浓度范围为ND—32.6 ng·L^-1.     

在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定地表水中8种全氟化合物

建立了在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(On-Line SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)检测地表水中8种全氟化合物(perfluorinated compounds,PFCs)的分析方法.该方法用电喷雾离子源(ESI)在选定的多反应监测(MRM)负模式下确定目标化合物并使用同位素内标法定量，测定了地表水中的PFCs. 8种PFCs的样品加标回收率在82.1%—103%之间，线性范围在0.66—500 ng·L^-1之间，相关系数(R²)在0.991—0.998之间，精密度(RSD)在3.95%—6.29%之间，检出限(LOD)在0.20—2.43 ng·L^-1之间，定量限(LOQ)在0.66—8.09 ng·L^-1之间.方法应用于大凌河及小清河地表水的分析，分析结果与该领域其他研究的结果一致，表明该方法具有实际应用意义.     

低压气相色谱柱10 min内测定黄瓜中120种农药残留

采用低压气相色谱柱(LPGC)结合三重四极杆串联质谱技术(GC-MS/MS)测定黄瓜中120种农药残留的分析方法.该方法中120种农药在0.010—0.400 mg·L^-1范围内具有良好的线性相关性,相关系数(R²)均大于0.995.在0.02、 0.04、 0.10mg·kg^-1不同质量浓度水平下做加标实验,回收率为73.6%—115%,相对标准偏差为(SRSD,n=3)0.0560%—12.6%,定量限为0.01 mg·kg^-1.该方法操作简便、高效快速,适用于黄瓜中农药多残留的快速筛查.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产养殖水体中21种磺胺类抗生素残留量

本文建立了一种使用超高效液相色谱和三重四极杆质谱仪联用测定水产养殖水体中21种磺胺类抗生素残留量的方法.水体样品经过Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化后,使用C₁₈色谱柱进行分离.采用正离子模式进行电离,通过多反应监测模式对目标化合物进行测定.使用内标法定量,磺胺脒等21种磺胺类抗生素在5—50 ng·mL^-1范围内线性良好,所得校准曲线线性相关系数在0.995以上.本方法在养殖水体中21种磺胺类抗生素残留的定量限均为0.63 ng·mL^-1,且精密度和不同浓度水平的加标回收率实验结果良好.     

通过式固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中18种农药残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS;MS)快速测定蔬菜中18种农药残留的方法.样品经乙腈提取后,经Oasis PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱进行分离,以0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱.采用电喷雾电离源、正离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)进行定性和定量分析.结果表明,18种农药在0.5—50μg·L^-1范围内线性关系良好(r2>0.995),方法最低检出限为0.4—1.5μg·kg^-1,最低定量限为1.4—5.0μg·kg^-1.在韭菜、芹菜、番茄、白菜基质中,5、10、50μg·kg^-1添加水平下的加标回收率为60.2%—126.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.4%—21.6%(n=3).     

亲水作用色谱-三重四极杆质谱法分析肉中代谢调节剂美度铵残留

本文采用亲水作用（HILIC）色谱-串联质谱,建立了肉类中代谢调节剂美度铵残留量的测定方法.肉类样品经碳酸氢铵-乙腈缓冲液提取,HLB固相萃取柱净化,经HILIC色谱分离,三重四极杆质谱多反应监测模式（MRM）测定,基质匹配外标曲线定量.结果显示,5—1000μg·kg^-1浓度范围内线性良好,判定系数r²均大于0.995,线性良好;猪肉、虾中美度铵的检出限分别为0.2、0.3μg·kg^-1,定量限分别为0.7、1.0μg·kg^-1,空白样品中加标5、10、50μg·kg^-1,加标回收率81.8%—109.5%之间.该方法简便,灵敏度高,准确度好.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测水体中26种药物及个人护理品

通过优化固相萃取条件和高效液相色谱-串联质谱参数,建立了可以同时检测地表水和地下水中26种典型药物及个人护理品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs),包括磺胺类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类、酰胺醇类、精神类、消炎止痛类以及个人护理品的检测方法.通过将水样pH值调节至7,利用HLB固相萃取柱对水样中PPCPs进行富集,以甲醇和含0.005%甲酸的水溶液作为正离子模式流动相,甲醇和含0.5 mmol·L^-1乙酸铵的水溶液作为负离子模式流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测的质谱扫描模式(MRM)分析测定.26种PPCPs的检出限为0.007—1.78 ng·L^-1,定量限为0.02—5.68 ng·L^-1,回收率为52.28%—115.24%.利用该方法检测北京潮白河地表水和地下水中PPCPs的浓度,结果表明,地表水中PPCPs的含量普遍高于地下水,磺胺甲恶唑、舒必利、咖啡因、卡马西平和布洛芬在地表水和地下水中的含量相对较高,检测浓度分别高达147.83、52.48、78.35、166.58、30.63 ng·L^-1.     

QuEChERS-液相色谱串联质谱检测沉积物和污泥中精神活性药品残留

本研究建立了沉积物和污泥中15种典型精神活性药品的QuEChERS(quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged and safe)提取和超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)痕量分析方法.冻干后的沉积物或污泥样品采用含1%乙酸的乙腈溶液提取,加入无水硫酸镁和乙酸钠促进提取和溶液分层,提取液通过无水硫酸镁/PSA/C18混合分散固相萃取(d-SPE)试剂进行净化,氮吹浓缩后供UPLCMS/MS检测.通过建立的痕量分析方法,15种目标精神活性药品在沉积物中的检出限(MDLs)和定量限(MQLs)分别为0.01—0.24 ng·g^-1和0.04—0.80 ng·g^-1,当加标浓度为5、20、50 ng·g^-1时,回收率为5 6%—121%、57%—116%和58%—115%,相对标准偏差小于15%;在污泥中的检出限(MDLs)和定量限(MQLs)分别为0.06—0.83 ng·g^-1和0.22—2.78 ng·g^-1,当加标浓度为20、80、2...     

离子色谱法同时测定北京市不同区域水体6种阳离子

建立离子色谱法测定不同区域水体Li⁺、Na⁺、NH₄⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺等6种阳离子的方法,以及验证方法在实际应用的可行性.以ICS1000型离子色谱仪配有DionexIonPac CG12A阳离子保护柱(4 mm×50 mm)和CS 12A阳离子分离柱(4 mm×250 mm),CSRS 300型抑制器(4 mm),甲基磺酸为淋洗液,流量为1.0 mL·min^-1,6种阳离子的质量浓度在0.01—0.50 mg·L^-1到5.0—100.0mg·L^-1范围内线性较好,相关系数> 0.9995,方法检出限为0.002—0.020mg·L^-1,与有证标准溶液相对误差-2.50%—4.38%(n=6),不同环境水样加标回收率90.7%—107.5%.利用以上色谱条件分析北京市不同区域地表水阳离子分布特征,结果显示城乡结合部、城区和郊区水体p...     

基于LC-MS/MS技术的水蛭配方颗粒中7种碱基和核苷成分分析方法的建立

本文建立了一种使用岛津超高效液相色谱仪Nexera X2和三重四极杆质谱仪LCMS-8050联用测定水蛭配方颗粒中7种碱基和核苷成分的分析方法.水蛭配方颗粒以10%甲醇50℃超声提取30 min,MRM正负模式同时检测.以Discovery^?HS F5-3色谱柱进行分离,流动相为0.15%甲酸水溶液和甲醇,10 min内完成梯度洗脱.本方法采用外标法定量,7种化合物在相应的浓度范围内线性关系良好,判定系数(R²)均大于0.996,定量限在0.42—3.94μg·g^-1之间. 10 ng·mL^-1的混合标准品溶液连续进样6次,待测化合物峰面积RSD均小于6%,精密度良好.平行6份加标回收试验,7种化合物平均回收率在87.09%—105.81%之间,RSD%在1.35%—4.70%之间.残留实验结果为阴性.该方法准确可靠,可为水蛭配方颗粒的质量控制提供参考依据.     

Modified pretreatment method for total microbial DNA extraction from contaminated river sediment

Extraction of high-quality microbial DNA from contaminated environmental samples is an essential step in microbial ecological study. Based on previously published methods for soil and sediment samples, a modified pretreatment method was developed for extracting microbial DNA from heavily contaminated river sediment samples via selection of optimal pretreatment parameters (i.e., reagent solution, reaction duration, and temperature). The pretreatment procedure involves washing the river sediment sample for three times with a solution containing 0.1 mol·L^-1 ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 0.1 mol·L^-1 Tris (pH 8.0), 1.5 mol·L^-1 NaCl, 0.1 mol·L^-1 NaH₂PO₄, and Na₂HPO₄ at 65°C with 180 r·min^-1 for 15 min to remove humic materials and heavy metals prior to the employment of standard DNA extraction procedures. We compared the results of standard procedure DNA extraction following pretreatment, without pretreatment, and with using a commercial PowerSoil^TM DNA Isolation Kit. The results indicated that the pretreatment significantly improved the DNA quality based on DNA yield, DNA fragment length, and determination of prokaryotic diversity. Prokaryotic diversity exhibited in the DNA with the pretreatment was also considerably higher than that extracted with the PowerSoil^TM DNA Isolation Kit only. The pretreatment method worked well even with a small amount of sediment sample (0.25 g or even lower). The method provides a novel, simple, cost-effective tool for DNA extraction for microbial community analysis in environmental monitoring and remediation processes.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析锰结核中的多种元素含量

本文使用岛津ICPMS-2030电感耦合等离子体质谱仪,采用微波消解法对锰结核样品进行前处理,测定了锰结核样品中32种元素含量.实验结果表明,各元素在1.0-100μg·L-1范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9998,检出限低,各元素检出限都在0.00004-0.73 μg·g-1之间.该方法操作简便、快速,测试...     

Selective recovery of Cu2+ and Ni2+ from wastewater using bioelectrochemical system

As the bioelectrochemical system, the microbial fuel cell (MFC) and the microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) were developed to selectively recover Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions from wastewater. The wastewater was treated in the cathode chambers of the system, in which Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions were removed by using the MFC and the MEC, respectively. At an initial Cu²⁺ concentration of 500 mg·L^-1, removal efficiencies of Cu²⁺ increased from 97.0%±1.8% to 99.0%±0.3% with the initial Ni²⁺ concentrations from 250 to 1000 mg·L^-1, and maximum power densities increased from 3.1±0.5 to 5.4±0.6 W·m^-3. The Ni²⁺ removal mass in the MEC increased from 6.8±0.2 to 20.5±1.5 mg with the increase of Ni²⁺ concentrations. At an initial Ni²⁺ concentration of 500 mg·L^-1, Cu²⁺ removal efficiencies decreased from 99.1%±0.3% to 74.2%±3.8% with the initial Cu²⁺ concentrations from 250 to 1000 mg·L^-1, and maximum power densities increased from 3.0±0.1 to 6.3±1.2 W·m^-3. Subsequently, the Ni²⁺ removal efficiencies decreased from 96.9%±3.1% to 73.3%±5.4%. The results clearly demonstrated the feasibility of selective recovery of Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ from the wastewater using the bioelectrochemical system.     

Upgrade of three municipal wastewater treatment lagoons using a high surface area media

Lagoon-based municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are facing difficulties meeting the needs of rapid population growth as well as the more stringent requirements of discharge permits. Three municipal WWTPs were modified using a high surface area media with upgraded fine-bubble aeration systems. Performance data collected showed very promising results in terms of five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), ammonia (NH₃) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal. Two-year average ammonia effluents were 4.1 mg·L^-1 for Columbia WWTP, 4 mg·L^-1 for Larchmont WWTP and 2.1 mg·L^-1 for Laurelville WWTP, respectively. Two- year average BOD₅ effluents were 6.8, 4.9 and 2.7 mg·L^-1, and TSS effluents were 15.0, 9.6 and 7.5 mg·L^-1. The systems also showed low fecal coliform (FC) levels in their effluents.     

Gold modified microelectrode for direct tetracycline detection

The residues of tetracycline antibiotics in water have attracted many concerns due to their harmful impact to human health. This paper reports an electrochemical sensor for the determination of tetracycline (TC) by the microelectrode, which was fabricated by electrodeposited gold colloids on tungsten tip. Cyclic voltammerty was used to study the electrochemical behavior of TC on the microelectrode. Well anodic wave was obtained at about 1.5 V in acidic solutions. Electrochemical determination of tetracycline was investigated using microelectrode by cyclic voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curves for TC were obtained. The oxidation peak currents were linearly related to TC concentrations in the range of 1–10 mg·L^-1 and 10–100 mg·L^-1, respectively. The detection limit was 0.09 mg·L^-1 (S/N = 3).     

Influence of aeration intensity on the performance of A/O-type sequencing batch MBR system treating azo dye wastewater

Among the numerous parameters affecting the membrane bioreactor (MBR) performance, the aeration intensity is one of the most important factors. In the present investigation, an anoxic/aerobic-type (A/O-type) sequencing batch MBR system, added anoxic process as a pretreatment to improve the biodegradability of azo dye wastewater, was investigated under different aeration intensities and the impact of the aeration intensity on effluent quantity, sludge properties, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) amount generated as well as the change of permeation flux were examined. Neither lower nor higher aeration intensities could improve A/O-type sequencing batch MBR performances. The results showed 0.15 m³·h^-1 aeration intensity was promising for treatment of azo dye wastewater under the conditions examined. Under this aeration intensity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen and color removal as well as membrane flux amounted to 97.8%, 96.5%, 98.7% and 6.21 L·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The effluent quality, with 25.0 mg·L^-1COD, 0.84 mg·L^-1 ammonium nitrogen and 8 chroma, could directly meet the reuse standard in China. In the meantime, the sludge relative hydrophobicity, the bound EPS, soluble EPS and EPS amounts contained in the membrane fouling layer were 70.3%, 52.0 mg·g^-1VSS, 38.8 mg·g^-1VSS and 90.8 mg·g^-1VSS, respectively, which showed close relationships to both pollutant removals and membrane flux.     

Validation of polymer-based nano-iron oxide in further phosphorus removal from bioeffluent: laboratory and scaledup study

The efficient removal of phosphorous from water is an important but challenging task. In this study, we validated the applicability of a new commercially available nanocomposite adsorbent, i.e., a polymer-based hydrated ferric oxide nanocomposite (HFO-201), for the further removal of phosphorous from the bioeffluent discharged from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, and the operating parameters such as the flow rate, temperature and composition of the regenerants were optimized. Laboratory-scale results indicate that phosphorous in real bioeffluent can be effectively removed from 0.92 mg·L^-1 to<0.5 mg·L^-1 (or even<0.1 mg·L^-1 as desired) by the new adsorbent at a flow rate of 50 bed volume (BV) per hour and treatable volume of 3500–4000 BV per run. Phosphorous removal is independent of the ambient temperature in the range of 15°C–40°C. Moreover, the exhausted HFO-201 can be regenerated by a 2% NaOH+ 5% NaCl binary solution for repeated use without significant capacity loss. A scaled-up study further indicated that even though the initial total phosphorus (TP) was as high as 2 mg·L^-1, it could be reduced to<0.5 mg·L^-1, with a working capacity of 4.4–4.8 g·L^-1 HFO-201. In general, HFO-201 adsorption is a choice method for the efficient removal of phosphate from biotreated waste effluent.     

Performance of an ANAMMOX reactor treating wastewater generated by antibiotic and starch production processes

A pilot-scale anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) reactor was used to treat mixed wastewater resulting from a chlortetracycline and starch production process. The results, collected over the course of 272 days, show that the ratio of influent ammonium to nitrite, pH, and temperature can all affect the efficiency of nitrogen removal. The ratio of influent ammonium to nitrite was maintained at about 1:1 at a concentration below 200 mg·L^-1 for both influent ammonium and nitrite. The total nitrogen (TN) loading rate was 0.15–0.30 kgN·m^-3·d^-1, pH remained at 7.8–8.5, and temperature was recorded at 33±1°C. The rate of removal of ammonia, nitrite, and TN were over 90%, 90%, and 80%, and the effluent ammonium, nitrite and TN concentrations were below 50, 30, and 100 mg·L^-1.