偶氮染料废水的生物脱色研究进展

对偶氮染料脱色的厌氧以及好氧生物方法进行了综述,内容包含偶氮还原酶的分析、纯化和脱色动力学研究,以及编码偶氮还原酶基因的克隆表达,和表达所得酶与原始酶的活性以及动力学的对比研究方面。     

Quantitative structure-activity relationship in the photodegradation of azo dyes

The photolysis characteristics of azo dyes are critically important in environmental pollution control,dye-sensitized solar cells,and dyeing-related industries.However,there is still lack of quantitative relationship between the structures of azo dyes and their photolysis characteristics.To address this issue,the photolysis of 22 azo dyes were conducted side by side at three pH(4.0,6.0,9.0).The obtained pseudo-first order photodegradation rate constants(k₁) were processed with meta-an...     

反硝化菌的偶氮染料脱色研究

从活性污泥中分离到几株反硝化能力的偶氮染料脱色菌。它们在合成培养基吧有使大多数所试偶氮染料脱色,而在反硝化条件下很难使偶氮染料脱色,只有菌株１７在培养２０ｄ后才有较好的脱色效果。酵母粉等有机物作为生长因子时,对菌株１７反硝化条件下的偶氮染料脱色有非常明显的促进作用;     

藻菌系统降解偶氮染料的机理研究

研究了藻、菌及藻菌共存系统对偶氮染料降解的机理.50种偶氮染料的降解试验表明,多数偶氮染料可被藻、菌或二者共存系统所降解.藻也能单独降解偶氮染料,其降解机理基本一致:偶氮化合物的偶氮双键首先被还原裂解,产生芳香胺,芳香胺再被进一步降解.偶氮双键还原是由偶氮还原酶催化的.偶氮还原酶受氧抑制.芳香胺的降解是需氧的.     

Quinone-mediated decolorization of sulfonated azo dyes by cells and cell extracts from Sphingomonas xenophaga

The effects of various quinone compounds on the decolorization rates of sulfonated azo dyes by Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY were investigated. The results showed that anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) was the most effective redox mediator and AQS reduction was the rate-limited step of AQS-mediated decolorization of sulfonated azo dyes. Based on AQS biological toxicity tests, it was assumed that AQS might enter the cells to kill them. In the cytoplasmic extracts from strain QYY, AQS effectively increased decolorization rates of sulfonated azo dyes than other quinone compounds. In addition, we found a NADH/FMN-dependent AQS reductase using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native-PAGE).     

Continuous treatment of azo acid dyes by photo-dependent denitrifying sludge

Simultaneous removals of dye and nitrate by photo-dependent denitrifying sludge(PDDS)have been demonstrated in a continuousflow bench-scale reactor.The best C/N for the degradation of azo dyes by PDDS was 1.5.The specific removal rate of azo dye AB92 decreased with a decrease in hydraulic retention time and increased with a decrease in solids retention time.The degradation rate of TOC decreased with a decrease in hydraulic retention time.AB92,which has nitro and hydroxyl substitutions in non-para positions,was uniquely degraded.During continuous flow treatment experiments using PDDS,complete degradation of azo dyes AB92 and AO20 at influent concentrations of 40mg/L and 30mg/L,respectively,was achieved with an HRT of 16.     

臭氧氧化四种偶氮染料废水的效果研究

以酸性大红、中性枣红、阳离子红、活性黑5四种模拟印染废水开展O3氧化偶氮染料的效果研究.实验中发现O3对染料具有非常好的脱色效果,30 min后除中性枣红外其他三种染料脱色率接近100％,但是单独O3的TOC去除率不高.光谱扫描表明,处理后染料的特征吸收峰很快消失,而紫外光区的吸收峰变化很小,推测O3氧化以直接氧化为主,打开了染料分子的发色基团,但并未将染料分子彻底氧化.还应加强O3氧化能力、彻底矿化去除污染物的研究.     

复极填充床电解槽对活性艳红X-3B溶液电解脱色的研究

本研究以偶氮染料活性艳红X 3B为模型物 ,分别在不同填料层数、槽电压、流量、染料浓度、pH值及不同无机盐种类和浓度下进行电解实验 ,考察各种因素对复极填充床电解槽脱色率和电耗等性能参数的影响。通过分析原水和出水水样的紫外 可见吸收光谱 ,验证染料溶液电解脱色的机制     

偶氮染料分子结构对其生物脱色影响的研究进展

偶氮染料是工业中染料用量最大的一类,不同的分子结构对其微生物脱色性能具有一定的影响作用。文章综述了偶氮染料分子结构中的取代基种类及其取代位置对染料的脱色规律,以及分子特征结构对微生物脱色的量化分析。对目前染料生物脱色规律研究中存在的问题进行了分析,提出相应的对策措施。     

Comparison of decolorization of reactive microorganisms isolated from various sources

Azo dyes are among the oldest man-made chemicals and they are still widely used in the textile, printing and the food industries.About 10% - 15% of the total dyes used in the industry is released into the environment during the manufacturing and usage. Some dyes and some of their N-substituted aromatic bio-transformation products are toxic and/or carcinogenic and therefore these dyes are considered to beenvironmental pollutants and health hazards. These azo dyes are degraded by physico-chemical and biological methods. Of these, biological methods are considered to be the most economical and efficient. In this work, attempts were made to degrade these dyes aerobically. Theorganisms which were efficient in degrading the following azo dyes-Red RB, Remazol Red, Remazol Blue, Remazol Violet, Remazol Yellow,Golden Yellow, Remazol Orange, Remazol Black- were isolated from three different sources viz., wastewater treatment plant, paper milleffluent treatment plant and tannery was tewater treatment plant. The efficiency of azo dye degradation by mixed cultures from each source wasanalyzed. It was found that mixed cultures from tannery treatment plant worked efficiently in decolorizing Remazol Red, Remazol Orange,Remazol Blue and Remazol Violet, while mixed cultures from the paper mill effluent worked efficiently in decolorizing Red RB, Golden Yellow and Remazol Yellow. The mixed cultures from wastewater treatment plant efficiently decolorized Remazol Black.     

Heterogeneous Fenton degradation of azo dyes catalyzed by modified polyacrylonitrile fiber Fe complexes：QSPR (quantitative structure peorperty relationship) study

The amidoximated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber Fe complexes were prepared and used as the heterogeneous Fenton catalysts for the degradation of 28 anionic water soluble azo dyes in water under visible irradiation. The multiple linear regression (MLR) method was employed to develop the quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) model equations for the decoloration and mineralization of azo dyes. Moreover, the predictive ability of the QSPR model equations was assessed using Leave-one-out (LOO) and cross-validation (CV) methods. Additionally, the effect of Fe content of catalyst and the sodium chloride in water on QSPR model equations were also investigated. The results indicated that the heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of the azo dyes with different structures was conducted in the presence of the amidoximated PAN fiber Fe complex. The QSPR model equations for the dye decoloration and mineralization were successfully developed using MLR technique. MW/S (molecular weight divided by the number of sulphonate groups) and NN=N (the number of azo linkage) are considered as the most important determining factor for the dye degradation and mineralization, and there is a significant negative correlation betweenMW/S or NN=N and degradation percentage or total organic carbon (TOC) removal. Moreover, LOO and CV analysis suggested that the obtained QSPR model equations have the better prediction ability. The variation in Fe content of catalyst and the addition of sodium chloride did not alter the nature of the QSPR model equations.     

活性炭非均相活化不同过硫酸盐降解偶氮染料酸性橙Ⅱ

研究了颗粒活性炭非均相活化过二硫酸盐和过一硫酸盐对水中偶氮染料酸性橙Ⅱ的降解效果。考察了过硫酸盐投加量、活性炭投加量、溶液初始pH值和无机阴离子对酸性橙Ⅱ降解率的影响,探究了不同过硫酸盐对染料降解效果差别的原因。结果表明:投加过二硫酸盐比过一硫酸盐的效果更好,偶氮染料浓度为20 mg/L,溶液中过n（PS）∶n（AOⅡ）为200∶1时降解率最高;颗粒活性炭投加量的增加有利于染料的去除,溶液处于酸性条件下染料降解率高于碱性条件,无机阴离子对酸性橙Ⅱ降解有抑制作用,产生于活性炭表面的自由基对染料的降解具有重要作用。     

4只偶氮染料对酿酒酵母的毒性效应

选取合适的代表生物反映污染物的毒害效应是生态风险评价的重要手段之一。以酿酒酵母作为测试生物,通过测定酿酒酵母细胞在含偶氮染料的YPD培养基中的存活率、复制寿命和细胞终结类型的数量,评价了4只偶氮染料的毒性大小。结果表明:4只偶氮染料都有一定的生物毒性,且生物毒性随染料浓度的增加而加大;一般毒性大小为直接耐晒黄RS>直接湖蓝5B>直接红棕RN>直接紫N;致畸、致癌作用大小为直接红棕RN>直接紫N>直接湖蓝5B>直接耐晒黄RS;一般毒性与致畸、致癌作用的大小没有必然联系。与传统的生物毒性检测方法相比,此方法不仅能够反映染料的一般生物毒性,而且能够体现出染料的致畸、致癌两种特殊毒性,为偶氮染料的生物毒性检测提供了新的技术手段。     

醌介导染料脱色菌株的分离鉴定及特性

实验分离获得1株能够利用醌化合物使磺酸化偶氮染料脱色的菌株JL,通过形态特征、16S rDNA与16S-23S区间序列分析表明,该菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌(命名为Bacillus cereus JL).菌株JL使酸性大红3R脱色的最佳条件为葡萄糖浓度1g/L, pH值为5~7,温度30℃,接种量0.25g/L.蒽醌-2-磺酸(AQS)、蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸(AQDS)和2-羟基-1,4-萘醌(Lawsone)均能显著提高酸性大红3R的脱色速率,其中AQS的促进作用最为明显.研究发现, 0.1mmol/L AQS能够使菌株JL对2.0mmol/L酸性大红3R保持较高的脱色速率,而且能使多种偶氮染料脱色,表现出较好的底物广谱性.利用高效液相色谱-质谱鉴定了AQS介导的酸性大红3R脱色产物,表明酸性大红3R的偶氮键发生断裂, AQS在这一过程中仅起到电子传递的作用.     

污泥细菌偶氮呼吸机制与偶氮染料降解矿化机理

利用污泥细菌生物降解矿化偶氮染料,已成功用于偶氮染料废水处理,并将成为该领域研究开发的热点和发展趋势。综述了好氧、厌氧细菌的两种偶氮呼吸机制,并总结了偶氮呼吸直接产物芳香胺类在好氧、厌氧条件下进一步降解与矿化机理的异同,同时提出在偶氮染料废水处理中厌氧-好氧串联式生物反应器能有效用于偶氮化合物的降解矿化。     

蒽醌染料中间体催化强化偶氮染料生物脱色

考察了醌还原菌群利用6种蒽醌染料中间体对偶氮染料生物脱色的催化强化作用.结果表明,溴氨酸(1-氨基-4-溴蒽醌-2-磺酸, BAA)的催化强化效果最好;游离态菌群以BAA作为氧化还原介体可催化强化多种偶氮染料的生物脱色,其中对酸性大红3R脱色的适宜条件为pH 6～9之间;外加葡萄糖浓度400～600 mg/L;BAA浓度19～34.2 mg/L,染料起始浓度≤900 mg/L.在此条件下,最大脱色率约为95%、达到最大脱色率的时间<7 h.同时发现,投加氧化还原介体BAA浓度为38～57mg/L时,固定化菌群降解酸性大红3R(180 mg/L)的最大脱色率在14 h内达到93%;在不补加BAA的情况下,固定化菌群经7次循环使用后,脱色率仍保持在85%以上.     

活性嫩黄染料废水的臭氧降解研究

以活性嫩黄X-7G模拟染料废水为研究对象,观察了臭氧氧化过程中染料溶液的pH、电导以及吸光度的变化,利用离子色谱仪对染料溶液中Cl-、SO42-、NO3-和NH4+的生成过程进行了分析。结果表明臭氧对染料的降解符合一级反应动力学,20min内对染料的脱色率达96.7%以上,染料分子中的Cl和S在反应40min后分别有97.2%和73.5%被氧化为Cl-、SO42-,偶氮键被臭氧化为N2,-NH2部分质子化形成NH4+,新生成的NO3-来源于NH4+和其他含N基团的氧化。     

偶氮染料循环伏安行为和生物厌氧脱色相关性研究

对4种结构相似偶氮染料的循环伏安特性研究及其生物厌氧脱色速率实验,结果表明,所选结构相似染料的生物脱色速率最快的是酸性黄-Bis(E_r=-616.75 mV),速率为0.012 09 mol·(L·h)^-1,依次是酸性黄-11[E_r=-593.25 mV,0.010 40mol·(L·h)^-1],酸性黄-4[E_r=-513 mV,0.007 575 mol·(L·h)^-1],且脱色速率与其循环伏安图中的还原峰电位间存在线性关系.研究还表明,电化学方法在一定程度上可对生物体系发生生化反应进行部分模拟和预测.     

蒽醌-2-磺酸盐强化电辅助微生物体系对偶氮染料的脱色效果

为了提高微生物对偶氮染料的降解效率,将电辅助引入微生物还原降解过程,对比研究了EAMS（电辅助微生物体系）、ECS（电化学体系）和MS（微生物体系）对偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B的降解效果,并考察了不同摩尔浓度的AQS（蒽醌-2-磺酸盐）对电微生物体系降解染料的强化作用.结果表明:反应24 h时,EAMS对活性艳红X-3B的去除率达到99.8%,比MS（去除率为61.9%）和ECS（去除率为27.1%）二者之和还要大10.8%;EAMS对活性艳红X-3B的降解过程符合一级反应动力学特征.当c（AQS）为0.050 mmol/L时,降解最快,一级动力学常数为1.962 h-1,是未添加AQS（0.2644 h-1）的7.42倍.加入AQS后,体系中电流升高,说明AQS加快了降解过程中电子传递速率.研究显示,AQS的加入实现了电极-远离电极的微生物-染料之间多相反应界面远程电子传递过程,使整个体系的微生物都可以快速发挥作用,达到强化降解偶氮染料.      

藻引发水中偶氮染料的光降解

随着染料工业的发展，染料废水污染也日益严重。目前各国学者也找到了很多处理水中有机物、治理染料废水的办法，但大多局限于腐殖质、过渡金属离子等非生命物质对染料溶液的光降解，本文研究了鱼腥藻、小球藻对几种偶氮染料的光降解情况，并探讨了影响藻对染料溶液光降解的因素。结果显示，pH＝3时，藻能引发水中染料产生明显的光降解，提高藻的浓度，增加光强，均能加快染料的光降解。本文可为利用水体生物资源治理染料废水提供借鉴和帮助。