浅谈图书馆与高校学生信息素质教育

随着经济与科技的飞速发展，对信息的需求量越来越多．图书馆作为学校重要的教育教学资源和读者猎取信息的重要场所，对学生进行信息素质教育势在必行．笔者在此文中拟探讨图书馆应如何对高校学生进行信息素质教育，主要从对读者、图书馆、图书馆工作人员三方面的要求着手来探讨这一问题．     

Rural well-being: the push and pull and the diversity in-between

This article proposes an analytical framework for developing indicators of agriculture and rural community sustainability, including the symbiotic relationship between sustainable agriculture and rural well-being. Rural well-being offers a sustainable approach to healthy lifestyles that are based on a balance of many complex components including social, economic, and environmental issues. The United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK) have taken positions on these issues. The United States Department of Agriculture is ‘committed to helping improve the economy and quality of life in rural America’ through loans and subsidies (USDA 2015). The USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) program vision is to sustain ‘an enduring American agriculture of the highest quality that is profitable, protects the nation’s land and water and is a force, providing a healthy and rewarding way of life for farmers and ranchers whose quality products and operations sustain their communities and society’ (SARE 2016; Smart, Sandt and Chris Zdorovtsov 2016). UK government and non-government agencies have taken a more holistic approach to rural well-being in their efforts to achieve a more balanced social–economic–environmental state of rural well-being. The UK interpretation of Community Supported Agriculture is a tested example of this sustainable approach to fostering rural well-being (Saltmarsh et al. 2011).     

Conservation and the Lure of the Garden

Abstract:  Among the conservation voices today who seek a sensible "middle ground" in remedying land-use problems are those who propose a tend-the-garden ethic in which humans would merely need to view the earth as a garden and labor to make it productive and beautiful in order to solve conservation challenges. This line of reasoning is exemplified by Michael Pollan's highly praised book, Second Nature , which supports conservation values but harshly criticizes contemporary environmental efforts, including the work of such organizations as The Nature Conservancy. Pollan's portrayal of the gardener as model conservationist is usefully compared with an important essay by Aldo Leopold from a half-century ago, "The Farmer as a Conservationist," which similarly uses a model land tender as exemplar of where conservation needs to head. Comparing the two writings reveals profound flaws in the contemporary tend-the-garden line of thought. In doing so, it usefully reveals to scientists why their efforts are so often misunderstood and resisted. The popularity of tend-the-garden reasoning illustrates how successful the environmental backlash has been in misportraying the motives and aims of serious conservationists, particularly those who seek to protect wildlife and natural habitat. In doing so, it highlights the need for conservationists to take their own ideas more seriously and to do a far better job of presenting those ideas, in coherent form, to broad audiences.     

高等农业院校学风建设现状及对策研究

通过问卷调查，本文探讨了高等农业院校学风建设存在的问题、阻碍学风建设良性发展的因素及加强学风建设的对策等问题．调研表明：高等农业院校学风建设存在学术氛围不浓、学习动力不足、考试风气不正、学习时间不够等一系列的问题，影响高等农业院校学风建设的因素很多，既有历史的原因、也有社会的原因，既有教育管理的原因、也有学生的原因，是多种因素的综合；加强高等农业院校学风建设的对策是转变教育观念、深化教学改革、完善教学管理机制、加强教风建设、发挥学生主体性作用以及营造高品位的校园文化等．     

Replace the NOAEL and LOAEL with the BMDL01 and BMDL10

Although benchmark-dose methodology has existed for more than 20 years, benchmark doses (BMDs) still have not fully supplanted the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) as points of departure from the experimental dose–response range for setting acceptable exposure levels of toxic substances. Among the issues involved in replacing the NOAEL (LOAEL) with a BMD are (1) which added risk level(s) above background risk should be targeted as benchmark responses (BMRs), (2) whether to apply the BMD methodology to both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic toxic effects, and (3) how to model continuous health effects that aren’t observed in a natural risk-based context like dichotomous health effects. This paper addresses these issues and recommends specific BMDs to replace the NOAEL and LOAEL.

水上公园水体的水供现状及营养功能状态评价

本文论述了天津市水上公园水体的水质现状,并依据有关标准对水体的营养状态,水体的游览景 产养殖,饮水备用水源等功能进行了评价。     

我国畜禽养殖业存在的环境污染问题及治理对策

畜禽养殖业环境污染问题越来越引起了人们的关注．本文概述了我国畜禽养殖业中存在的环境污染问题并从保护生态环境角度出发，提出了利用现代微生物工程应用技术和常规的处理方法相结合的治理措施。     

Molecular Taxonomy and the Conservation of the Red Wolf and Other Endangered Carnivores

Recent publications have reaffirmed that the red wolf ( Canis rufus ) is a hybrid of the coyote and the gray wolf. Besides the implications these results will likely have for future conservation efforts and allotment of resources through the Endangered Species Act for recovery of the red wolf, it is likely that broader consequences will be felt throughout the conservation community as species come under the scrutiny of a more powerful means of taxonomic identification. As molecular technology is refined in its ability to resolve taxonomic histories and uncertainties, it is likely that hybridization event(s) will be recognized in more species. This may be of particular importance for large carnivores, whose small population sizes make them susceptible to hybridization episodes with closely related, sympatric species. Because of negative perceptions, powerful antipredator advocates, conservation and resource constraints, and an enigmatic hybrid policy within the Endangered Species Act, how red-wolf taxonomy is decided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service may affect the future of large carnivores in general.     

Offsets and Conservation of the Species of the EU Habitats and Birds Directives

Biodiversity offsets are intended to achieve no net loss of biodiversity due to economic and human development. A variety of biodiversity components are addressed by offset policies. It is required that loss of protected species due to development be offset under the EU Habitats and Birds Directives in Europe. We call this type of offset a species‐equality offset because the offset pertains to the same species affected by the development project. Whether species equality can be achieved by offset design is unknown. We addressed this gap by reviewing derogation files (i.e., specific files that describe mitigation measures to ensure no net loss under the EU Habitats and Birds Directives) from 85 development projects in France (2009–2010). We collected information on type of effect (reversible vs. irreversible) and characteristics of affected and offset sites (i.e., types of species, total area). We analyzed how the type of effect and the affected‐site characteristics influenced the occurrence of offset measures. The proportion of species targeted by offset measures (i.e., offset species) increased with the irreversibility of the effect of development and the conservation status of the species affected by development (i.e., affected species). Not all effects on endangered species (International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List) were offset; on average, 82% of affected species would be offset. Twenty‐six percent of species of least concern were offset species. Thirty‐five percent of development projects considered all affected species in their offset measures. Species richness was much lower in offset sites than in developed sites even after offset proposals. For developed areas where species richness was relatively high before development, species richness at offset sites was 5–10 times lower. The species‐equality principle appears to have been applied only partially in offset policies, as in the EU directives. We suggest the application of this principle through offsets is highly important for the long‐term conservation of biodiversity in Europe. Compensaciones y Conservación de las Especies de las Directivas de Hábitats y Aves de la UE     

广东人口粮食动态模型的建立及土地生产力分析

对我省的人口发展和粮食生产进行了系统的分析和研究,结果表明广东人口将在2005年底达到8000万人,比过去人口的增长速度明显加快;而粮食生产却不容乐观,到2015年最多只能达到年产2670万t的水平,人均粮食约280 kg,比目前水平略低。从长远来考虑,我省的粮食问题将更显不足,而耕地又逐年减少,故提高土地利用率和生产水平是目前迫切需要解决的实际问题。     

妊娠期糖尿病的早期干预与母婴结局的相关性研究

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病的早期干预与母婴结局之间的相关性.方法回顾性分析妇幼保健院2006年1月-2009年1月住院分娩的60例妊娠期糖尿病患者,其中46例在孕中期行糖筛查/OGTT确诊为妊娠期糖尿病并给予治疗,14例在孕34周以后诊断为妊娠期糖尿病.结果在孕24-28周进行糖筛查/OGTT确诊为GDM,并接受治疗的孕妇中妊娠期高血压病、羊水过多、伤口感染发生率均明显低于在34周以后诊断并接受治疗者(P0.05);而两组剖宫产、产后出血的发生率相比差异无统计学意义.早产儿发生率前者明显低于后者(P0.05),新生儿窒息、巨大儿的发生率前者低于后者,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05).在孕24-28周进行糖筛查/OGTT确诊为GDM,并接受治疗在终止妊娠前血糖控制水平达标者早产儿巨大儿发生率明显低于在34周以后诊断并接受治疗者(P0.05),新生儿窒息的发生率低于在孕24-28周进行糖筛查/OGTT确诊为GDM,并接受治疗在终止妊娠前血糖控制水平仍未达标者,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05).结论孕期行糖筛查/OGTT,早发现和诊断糖尿病、及时有效地控制高血糖,能减少妊娠并发症、改善母儿预后.表3,参6.     

Recycling behaviour and attitude: the case of the Hong Kong people and commercial and household wastes

The increasing environmental awareness caused by the green movement has led to changes in attitude towards our traditionally wasteful society. Recent surveys in Hong Kong have shown that waste recycling has gained increasing verbal support among its citizens. This paper reports on recent findings which reveals that some discrepancies exist between people's attitude and behaviour towards waste recycling. The implication of this phenomenon on how and when a waste recycling policy should be carried out is considerable. Two major types of barriers to waste recycling and reduction were evident. Technical barriers to recycling included lack of appropriate information, lack of conveniently located bins and of temporary storage space, whilst the most critical barrier to paper waste recycling was the presence of non-recyclable materials in some paper items. Psychological barriers included the attitude of being troubled, and that too little waste was involved to be worth the effort. Technical barriers were found to dominate in commercial paper waste recycling, and can usually be overcome while psychological barriers were more significant in household waste recycling and are more difficult to solve. Thus, it might be concluded that, if a large scale household waste recycling programme were in place in Hong Kong, more effort should be devoted towards educating the public, to eliminate as many psychological barriers as possible. Findings from attitude surveys on recycling can provide valuable information for policy makers. However, a review of the literature indicates that findings from attitudinal and self-reported behavioural surveys may exaggerate the proportion of those who have a favourable attitude towards the surveyed subject matter. Thus, it is prudent for policy makers to consider the response rate of the surveys also.     

Development and the environment in the next two decades

This paper considers the environmental problems which might face the state of Western Australia in the next two decades, against the background of a development scenario, current concern over the environment, and the Doomsday Syndrome which seems to be conditioning much of current thinking. Two important aspects of the State's future are considered: resource depletion and pollution. A positive view of the resource depletion problem is taken in that it is impossible to assess reserves of natural resources without considering the impact of science and technology upon resource development and discovering new resources. There is also considerable evidence of success in combating pollution within the present system.It is a difficult task, particularly for the layman, to decide just what to believe in the face of the great and growing volume of errors of fact which find their way into the media on environmental matters. The result of this seems to be that an adversary approach has been adopted in environmental stances, and development tends to be halted whilst debates are carried on.The current status of environmental science is reviewed and leads to the proposition that growth and environmental quality can be compatible if new philosophies of growth and resource management are developed based on conservation and progress. The major difficulties are not seen as the predictions of doom but Western society's growing incapacity for action and an unwillingness toassume control of its own destiny.Based on a paper presented to Prospect 2000-A Conference on the Future, Australia and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science, Perth, Western Australia, 14–18 May, 1979.     

Sugar concentration and the structure of the sunbird's song

Summary The full song of the yellow-bellied sunbird (Nectarinia venusta) comprises distinct phrases, which retain their typical three-part structure and temporal organization regardless of the concentration of the sucrose solution provided. However, the sugar concentration does affect the types of elements that make up the initial part of the phrase and the number of elements in the terminal part. Several types of elements may be produced either as separate calls or as components of the initial part of the phrase; as the concentration decreases, at least two of these element types occur progressively more often in the phrases, taking the place of others.     

Uncertain sightings and the extinction of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker

The extinction of a species can be inferred from a record of its sightings. Existing methods for doing so assume that all sightings in the record are valid. Often, however, there are sightings of uncertain validity. To date, uncertain sightings have been treated in an ad hoc way, either excluding them from the record or including them as if they were certain. We developed a Bayesian method that formally accounts for such uncertain sightings. The method assumes that valid and invalid sightings follow independent Poisson processes and use noninformative prior distributions for the rate of valid sightings and for a measure of the quality of uncertain sightings. We applied the method to a recently published record of sightings of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis). This record covers the period 1897-2010 and contains 39 sightings classified as certain and 29 classified as uncertain. The Bayes factor in favor of extinction was 4.03, which constitutes substantial support for extinction. The posterior distribution of the time of extinction has 3 main modes in 1944, 1952, and 1988. The method can be applied to sighting records of other purportedly extinct species.     

荔枝、龙眼和香蕉质量与生产环境的关系

对广州市的荔枝、龙眼和香蕉三大类水果产品质量和生产环境进行了质量监测和评价。结果表明,这三类水果的生产环境均遭受一定程度的污染;水果质量广泛受到氟污染,部分受到Pb、Cd污染;荔枝对镉的吸收富集作用较强。