大力发展环境保护工程咨询业,推进工程咨询业可持续发展

为环保工程提供咨询服务,是环保产业服务体系中的主要内容之一;工程咨询单位资质认定要按有关规定办理.     

Household Demand for Waste Recycling Services

Municipalities everywhere are coping with increasing amounts of solid waste and need urgently to formulate efficient and sustainable solutions to the problem. This study examines the use of economic incentives in municipal waste management. Specifically, we address the issue of recycling, if and when this waste management option is—on social welfare grounds—a preferred solution.A number of studies have recently assessed the monetary value of the externalities of alternative solid waste management options. In the present context, these subsidies could be interpreted as the implicit value of the benefits from reducing environmental externalities associated with landfilling as perceived by local government authorities. We surmise that the difference between mean households willingness to pay (WTP) for recycling services, via the purchase of a subsidized waste disposal facility, and the above (proxy) value of externalities reflects the difference between private and public perception regarding the negative externality associated with landfilling. We believe that this information is useful in determining the level of subsidization needed (if at all) to sustain any recycling program.The study is unique in the sense that its conclusions are based on revealed household behavior when faced with increased disposal costs, as well as information on WTP responses in hypothetical but related (and, therefore, familiar) scenarios. The article also explores the influence of the subsidization schemes on recycling rates. It was found that with low levels of effort needed to participate in a curbside recycling program, households participation rates are mainly influenced by economic variables and age, and households are willing to pay a higher price for the recycling scheme. When the required effort level is relatively high, however, households would pay a lower price, and the rate is influenced mainly by their environmental commitment and by economic considerations. We found that in both cases a subsidy would be required in order to achieve an efficient level of recycling. The median price that households are willing to pay for recycling devices is found to be about NIS 370 (New Israeli Shekel, approximately $90).     

生态系统服务功能研究综述

生态系统服务功能的研究是最近生态学研究的热点领域,它体现的是可持续发展的思想.本文在参考大量前人研究的基础上,介绍了生态服务功能的定义以及发展历程,同时讨论了生态系统服务功能评估的理论基础和目前常用的评价方法.通过上述的讨论和分析说明,我国目前的生态系统服务功能的研究才刚刚起步,与国外相比还有一定的差距,所以今后需要加强这方面研究的投入,尤其要加强生态系统服务功能评估的基础理论和方法研究,促进我国生态系统服务功能的发展.     

专业环保企业的未来之路--以中兴环境工程技术有限公司为例

本文以中兴环境工程技术有限公司为例，分析了企业面临的市场环境、形势、机会，指出企业的发展前景，及时果断地做出了企业的发展战略调整。     

安徽省森林生态系统服务价值评价

根据安徽省2000年森林资源统计资料及Costanza等的评价方法,对安徽省森林生态系统服务价值进行了估算.结果表明:安徽省森林生态系统服务总价值约为3563.41×106$·a-1,约占全国森林生态系统总价值的3.04%,其中营养循环的贡献最大(约占42.08%),生态效益、经济效益和社会效益分别占总价值的74.13%、19.67%和6.2%,反映出其极强的生态功能;在安徽省各树种中,阔叶林的生态服务价值最高(占40.2%).     

积极推进环境咨询服务业的发展

本文根据环境咨询服务业的内涵,分析了国内外环境咨询服务业的发展现状和我国环境咨询服务业面临的发展机遇,提出了我国环境咨询服务业发展的重点和对策。     

Forest Ecosystem Services and Eco-Compensation Mechanisms in China

Forests are a major terrestrial ecosystem providing multiple ecosystem services. However, the importance of forests is frequently underestimated from an economic perspective because of the externalities and public good properties of these services. Forest eco-compensation is a transfer mechanism that serves to internalize the externalities of forest ecosystem services by compensating individuals or companies for the losses or costs resulting from the provision of these services. China’s current forest eco-compensation system is centered mainly on noncommercial forest. The primary measures associated with ecosystem services are (1) a charge on destructive activities, such as indiscriminate logging, and (2) compensation for individual or local activities and investments in forest conservation. The Compensation Fund System for Forest Ecological Benefits was first listed in the Forest Law of the People’s Republic of China in 1998. In 2004, the Central Government Financial Compensation Fund, an important source for the Compensation Fund for Forest Ecological Benefits, was formally established. To improve the forest eco-compensation system, it is crucial to design and establish compensation criteria for noncommercial forests. These criteria should take both theoretical and practical concerns into account, and they should be based on the quantitative valuation of ecosystem services. Although some initial headway has been made on this task, the implementation of an effective forest eco-compensation system in China still has deficiencies and still faces problems. Implementing classification-based and dynamic management for key noncommercial forests and establishing an eco-compensation mechanism with multiple funding sources in the market economy are the key measures needed to conquer these problems and improve the forest eco-compensation system and China’s forestry development in sequence.     

湿地资源禀赋功能及其研究进展

湿地广泛分布于世界各地,是一种重要的生态系统,具有多种生态服务功能。主要分析了中国湿地现状,介绍了湿地在生态、经济、社会等方面的功能,对目前国内外湿地的研究特点与进展进行了分析与讨论,为今后湿地资源可持续利用、保护及研究提供有益参考。