铅胁迫下黄瓜幼苗内源多胺变化动态的初步研究

以黄瓜幼苗为材料,采用高效液相色谱法测定黄瓜幼苗叶和茎中内源多胺的含量,研究了铅胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长及内源多胺的变化。结果表明:铅质量浓度为100mg·L-1时促进黄瓜幼苗的生长,铅质量浓度高于100mg·L-1时,黄瓜幼苗茎高和根长逐渐下降;铅胁迫下黄瓜幼苗地上部的腐胺含量明显高于对照值,且随着铅质量浓度增加和处理时间的延长呈下降趋势。黄瓜幼苗叶片精胺和亚精胺在处理第5d时高于对照值,茎中精胺和亚精胺含量在处理第7d高于对照值,而其它时间内的都低于对照值,而且其含量均随铅质量浓度的增加而呈下降趋势;过氧化物酶活性变化与内源多胺含量(腐胺、精胺和亚精胺之和)的变化相似,表明铅胁迫能改变黄瓜幼苗内源多胺的含量和调节过氧化物酶活性,从而影响着黄瓜植株的生长。     

钙调素拮抗剂W7对低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系生长和多胺动态变化的影响

采用营养液栽培,研究了低氧胁迫下钙调素拈抗剂w7对黄瓜幼苗根系牛长及多胺含量变化的影响.结果表明,根系中的多胺以游离态为主,结合态和束缚态含量较少用50 mmol L-1w7预处理24 h,然后进行低氧胁迫处理.黄瓜根系内游离态精胺(spm)和亚精胺(spd)含量低于单纯低氧胁迫处理,腐胺(Put)含量高于单纯低氧胁迫处理;而结合态和束缚态的spm、Spd、Put含量均低于单纯低氧胁迫处理下的值,w7的使用导致了除游离态Put外的其他多胺含量的降低.游离态Put的高峰出现在d 2,结合态多胺的高峰出现在d 4,束缚态多胺的高峰出现在d 6,说明游离态Put有转变为结合态和束缚态多胺的趋势.W7预处理导致黄瓜根系内的多胺含量低于低氧胁迫处理下的值,削弱了黄瓜对低氧胁迫逆境的抵抗能力,幼苗生长变弱,表明ca2-·CaM信使系统通过影响多胺的含量来调节黄瓜对低氧胁迫逆境的适应.两个品种相比较,"绿霸春4号"受低氧胁迫和W7的影响小于"中农8号",表现出对低氧逆境较强的耐性.     

低氧胁迫下钙调素拮抗剂对黄瓜幼苗根系多胺含量和呼吸代谢的影响

采用营养液栽培,研究了根际低氧胁迫下三氟拉嗪(TFP)对两个耐低氧能力不同的黄瓜品种幼苗根系中多胺含量和呼吸代谢的影响.结果表明,单纯低氧下,黄瓜幼苗根系中腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)含量显著增加,琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性显著降低,乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性显著提高,乙醇和乳酸含量相应增加;与耐低氧能力较弱的"中农8号"相比,耐低氧能力较强的"绿霸春4号"幼苗根系ADH活性增加幅度和乙醇含量较高,LDH活性增加幅度、SDH活性降低幅度和乳酸含量较低;与单纯低氧胁迫相比,添加TFP处理能显著降低黄瓜幼苗根系中Spd和Spm含量,增加Put含量,同时,根系中SDH和ADH活性降低,LDH活性增加,乳酸含量升高,植株根系生长受到严重抑制,并且对耐低氧性较强的"绿霸春4号"幼苗伤害程度更加明显.表明在低氧胁迫下,Ca2 、CaM参与了黄瓜幼苗根系多胺及呼吸代谢过程,TFP处理抑制了Ca2 .CaM信使功能,从而降低了黄瓜植株耐低氧的能力.表5参25     

龙眼胚珠多胺含量变化与胚胎发育的关系

研究了龙眼胚胎发育与多胺(PAs)含量的关系.结果表明:正常发育的胚珠中多胺含量在胚胎发育的各个时期均高于败育胚珠.多胺含量在花后d10最高,其中腐胺(Put)约占多胺总含量的65%;以后各发育阶段多胺含量逐渐下降,其中d31~38下降幅度明显.不过,亚精胺(Spd)除d10外在正常胚珠中含量也大于败育胚珠.(Spd Spm)/(Put)和(Spm)/(PAs)比值变化与龙眼胚珠的发育有直接关系,表现为较高比值有利于胚胎发育,反之则抑制胚胎发育.多胺合成高峰先于核酸和蛋白质,推测多胺可能通过与核酸的相互作用参与核酸和蛋白质的合成和调节.图3表1参12     

臭氧胁迫对大豆氮磷化学计量特征的影响

研究臭氧浓度升高对大豆(Glycine max)器官生态化学计量特征的影响,对预测未来生态过程和生物地球化学循环有重要作用。以大豆为试验材料,利用开顶室气室(OTCs)探讨臭氧胁迫对大豆不同器官氮磷化学计量特征的影响。试验设置3个处理:CK处理(对照,O3浓度为45 nmol·mol~(-1))、T1处理(O3浓度为(80±10) nmol·mol~(-1))、T2处理(O_3浓度为(110±10)nmol·mol~(-1))。结果表明,随着生育期的延长,大豆根系和茎秆N含量呈升高趋势,叶片N含量呈先升高后降低的趋势。与对照相比,臭氧浓度升高使根N含量在分枝期和结荚期显著升高(P0.05),开花期T1处理下显著降低7.13%(P0.05),T2处理下显著升高17.37%(P0.05);茎N含量均显著升高,叶片N含量在开花期显著升高,结荚期显著降低。臭氧浓度升高使大豆根、茎、叶P含量表现出不同程度的增加趋势,仅有根系P含量在开花期T1处理下显著降低15.96%(P0.05),叶片P含量分别在分枝期和结荚期T2处理下显著降低25.10%和11.37%(P0.05)。茎和根P含量间呈显著正相关(P0.05),根和茎中N和P含量之间呈显著正相关(P0.05);N含量和N/P在各器官中表现为叶根茎;P含量在各器官中无显著差异。各器官N含量变异系数表现为茎根叶;P含量在各器官中变异系数相似;N/P变异系数表现为叶根茎。随着臭氧浓度升高和生育期的延长,大豆各器官N/P均小于14,说明大豆生长主要受N素限制。     

芋脱毒苗的组培快繁及田间试验

以莱阳孤芋为材料，研究了其茎尖分生组织培养脱毒及快繁技术，通过酶联免疫检测和电镜观察证实，经3次茎尖剥离培养所得试管苗已脱去芋花叶病毒，脱毒试管苗在MS ρ(BA)1.0mgL^-1 ρ(NAA)0.2mgL^-1的培养基中培养，月增殖系数为5.6；而培养基MS ρ（NAA)0.05-0.1mgL^-1 ρ(BA)0.15mgL^-1，不仅适于芋试管苗的生根，还有利于分化成苗，田间试验证明，脱毒试管苗定植于网室后，植株生长旺盛，球茎数量多，平均每株29.1个，两年的小区对比试验表明，脱毒种芋在球茎数量和产量上分别比CK增加37.6%-62.6%和20.2%-40.0%。商品芋数增加44.1%-67.6%。表4参1。     

天津典型湿地芦苇种群生产力和氮磷营养结构与环境因子的关系

天津芦苇(Phragmites australis)湿地是东亚—澳大利亚候鸟迁徙必经之地,具有重要的生态功能。近几十年来,随着城市化进程的快速发展和人口的增加,天津地区水体咸化、氮污染等问题严重。调查了天津典型湿地七里海、北大港和大黄堡湿地芦苇种群地上部生物量、形态特征及氮、磷营养状况,探讨其与环境氮、磷营养和含盐量的关系,结果表明:(1)天津典型湿地芦苇种群地上部最大生物量变化范围为978~1 263 g·m-2,并未随样地间含盐量和氮含量等环境因子的变化而显著改变;(2)在最大生物量时期(8月),北大港湿地芦苇地上部氮含量和氮储量明显低于七里海和大黄堡;8月北大港湿地芦苇叶片氮磷比为12.48,氮限制植物生长;七里海和大黄堡湿地芦苇叶片氮磷比分别为14.89和15.72,氮、磷共同限制植物生长;(3)当前环境压力显著影响了芦苇地上部氮、磷营养状况。底泥含盐量增加可降低芦苇叶片氮、磷含量;随着底泥氮营养的增加,芦苇茎氮含量呈线性增加;而随着底泥磷营养的增加,芦苇叶和茎磷含量并未增加。虽然天津地表水体氮污染严重,但是氮而非磷成为芦苇生长的主要限制因子,天津芦苇湿地仍然具有吸纳环境氮污染物的潜力。     

氮添加和干旱对呼伦贝尔草原5种植物性状的影响

植物功能性状能够反映植物对环境变化的响应,但是很少有研究同时考虑多个气候变化因子交互对植物功能性状的影响。基于氮添加(0 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1)和10 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1))和干旱(减少66%生长季(5—8月)降水量)模拟实验,测量了呼伦贝尔草原5种优势植物的叶片形态学特征、叶片化学计量学特征以及植被高度等多个指标,探讨了呼伦贝尔草原植物对于土壤养分和水分变化的响应。结果表明,(1)干旱能够促进氮添加对土壤可利用氮特别是硝态氮含量的提升。(2)氮添加显著增加叶片N含量,降低叶片P含量,增加叶片氮磷比;干旱降低叶片N含量和叶片P含量,对叶片氮磷比影响不显著;植物叶片N、P含量受氮添加和干旱交互作用的显著影响,并在氮添加情况下施加干旱能够进一步增加P素对植物生长的限制作用。(3)氮添加处理下植物倾向于采取资源获取型策略,增加高度和比叶面积(SLA),降低叶片干物质含量(LDMC);干旱处理下植物倾向于资源保守型利用策略,降低高度和SLA,增加LDMC和叶片C含量;而植物高度、SLA、LDMC和叶片C含量不受氮添加和干旱交互作用的显著影响。研究表明,草地生态系统氮、水循环之间存在偶联关系,两者共同影响了植物养分吸收,决定植物叶片化学计量特征;而氮添加对植物资源利用策略影响更多的受到土壤水分调节。该研究强调在未来的气候变化研究中,需要同时考虑多个气候变化因子及其交互作用对植物功能性状的影响,并且需要考虑不同维度的功能性状的响应,才能更全面更准确地评估并预测生态系统功能的变化。     

不同光环境下刈割对黑麦草补偿性生长及叶片氮含量的影响

补偿性生长(Compensatory growth)是植物对外界干扰的积极响应,其补偿能力与外界光环境密切相关,而刈割后造成草地冠层下光环境变化会对刈后植物的补偿性生长产生影响.为深入了解补偿性生长机制,通过设置自然光(Natural light,NL)、红光(Red light,RL)和遮荫(Shading,SH)3种光环境,模拟刈割后草地群落光环境变化,研究黑麦草(Lolium perenne)刈割两次后生物量累积、分配及叶片氮含量的变化,探讨其补偿性生长对光质和光强变化的响应.结果显示:(1)NL和RL下,刈割后黑麦草的累积地上生物量与未刈割处理相比分别增加了24.44%和14.06%,表现为超补偿生长,SH下刈割与未刈割处理并无显著差异,表现为等补偿生长;(2)刈割后黑麦草地下相对生长速率(RGR)仅RL表现为增加,而NL和SH均为降低,且SH在未刈割下已为负增长,说明RL下刈割后黑麦草地上部分的超补偿生长并未影响地下部分的生长,而NL和SH下地上部分发生补偿生长后均抑制了地下部分的生长;(3)光环境变化和刈割明显影响了黑麦草叶片中的氮含量,3种光环境中,刈割与不刈割下黑麦草叶片氮含量均为SH>NL>RL,而刈割处理显著增加了叶片氮含量,与未刈割相比分别增加了43.86%、21.58%和13.16%;(4)3种光环境下,刈割和不刈割黑麦草生物量分配与其叶片氮含量之间的相关性均达到了极显著水平(R2=0.84,P<0.001).本研究表明,黑麦草的补偿性生长与外部光环境密切相关,其补偿能力取决于刈后剩余叶片的光合效率;光质对刈后黑麦草生物量分配模式有重要影响,因此红光下地上部分的超补偿生长不以牺牲地下生长为代偿;叶片氮含量是影响植物补偿性生长的关键因素,黑麦草补偿性生长主要通过增加叶片氮含量来实现,而生物量分配则与叶片中氮含量的多少有关.     

常绿阔叶林林下6种木本植物叶片非结构性碳水化合物的动态特征

植物叶片非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)不仅为植物代谢提供重要能量,还能一定程度上反映植物对外界环境的适应策略.以亚热带常绿阔叶林林下6种植物:茶(Camellia sinesis)、细枝柃(Eurya loquaiana)、润楠(Machilus pingii)、短刺米储(Castanopsis carlesii)、大叶山矾(Symplocos grandis)和薄叶山矾(Symplocos anomala)为对象,研究各物种抽枝展叶进程中叶片大小、比叶重(LMA)、光合色素以非结构性碳水化合物及其组分含量的动态变化,分析NSC组分之间及与光合色素与LMA间的相互关系,探讨展叶过程中引起叶片NSC差异的原因.结果表明:(1)各物种单叶面积随叶片展开而增加直至8月下旬达到最大,为9.20 (茶)-40.81 cm2 (大叶山矾);而LMA在展叶初期下降后随叶片展开逐步升高,直到次年1月下旬还在持续缓慢增加,因各物种不同,最大值为82.90-152.10 g/m2;光合色素则在展叶进程中逐渐增加,6月下旬达到较高值后在整个夏秋季维持较高的含量,次年1月有所下降.(2)在整个当年生叶片生长进程中,6种植物叶片可溶性糖含量总体上由展叶初期逐渐增加,而淀粉含量随着叶片的生长成熟逐渐降低;各物种NSC含量为87.00 (薄叶山矾)-163.35 mg/g(细枝柃),除大叶山矾和薄叶山矾外,NSC含量随着叶片生长进程逐渐增加;(3)各物种可溶性糖含量随着淀粉含量的增加而降低,叶绿素含量随着LMA的增加而显著增加,可溶性糖与LMA具有显著的正相关关系,而淀粉与LMA呈显著负相关(R~2=0.51-0.86,P0.004),表明展叶后期部分淀粉转化为可溶性糖,这与展叶后期林内光资源的可利用性以及植物的生理活动相关.综上所述,随着展叶进程,非结构性碳水化合物及其组分具有不同的变化规律,一方面与叶片增大增厚进程中的生理活动有关,另一方面也反映了叶片功能属性间的权衡关系,研究结果可为阐明亚热带常绿阔叶林林下木本植物展叶期的碳代谢提供理论基础,亦丰富了森林植物生活史对策理论.(图6参53)     

臭氧胁迫下外源喷施亚精胺和EDU对小麦生理指标的影响

采用开顶式气室模拟研究外源喷施亚精胺(Spd)和EDU对O3胁迫下小麦生理指标变化的影响,测定的生理指标包括丙二醛含量(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)、过氧化物酶活性(POD)、过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)、可溶性蛋白质含量、还原型谷胱甘肽含量(GSH)、谷胱甘肽还原酶活性(GR)、抗坏血酸含量(ASA)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性(APX)。结果表明,外源喷施Spd和EDU可不同程度地提高小麦叶片的SOD、POD、CAT、APX和GR活性,降低MDA和ASA含量,提高GSH和可溶性蛋白含量。当Spd的浓度为0.25、0.50和0.75mmol·L-1时,小麦叶片POD活性比对照处理提高90.0%～226.7%,CAT活性提高21.4%～40.6%,APX活性提高164.2%～191.0%,MDA含量降低9.7%～42.5%。喷施300mg·L-1EDU可导致小麦叶片POD、CAT和APX活性分别比对照处理提高76.8%、27.4%和128.1%,MDA和ASA含量降低,GSH含量提高25.6%。以上结果说明Spd和EDU是2种比较有效的缓解小麦O3胁迫的抗氧化剂,可用来防护O3对小麦的毒害。     

福建丰产荔枝园土壤微量元素含量的研究

与我国红壤平均水平相比，福建丰产荔枝园土壤有效态锌、钼及水溶态硼含量较高，而活性锰及有效铜含量较低；土壤全锌、锰、钢量亦较低。在土壤ｐＨ４．５４—８．７６时，ｐＨ值与有效态钼含量呈较显著正相关，而与代换态锰、水溶态硼、有效态铁含量呈显著或极显著负相关。本文初步提出福建荔枝园土壤微量元素含量的适宜指标，可供土壤营养诊断及平衡施肥之参考。     

荔枝花雄蕊和雌蕊发育过程中碳氮化合物的动态变化

比较分析了荔枝花性决定中碳氮化合物的动态变化。结果发现：C/N较大有利于雄蕊分化,反之则有利于雌蕊分化;氨基酸含量较高有利于雌蕊分化,雄蕊的氨基酸含量仅为雌蕊的一半。脯氨酸与花粉育性存在着密切相关关系。另外,探讨了雌蕊或雄蕊败育的生理意义,在长期的进化中,败育的雌蕊或雄蕊“废物”重新被利用,为同一花中迅速发育的雌蕊或雄蕊提供能量和物质的需求,表5参13。     

Overlapping defense responses to water limitation and pathogen attack and their consequences for resistance to powdery mildew disease in garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata

Plant responses to abiotic stress can alter their response to biotic stress. We examined changes in the activity of several defense proteins in response to powdery mildew infection of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) in the greenhouse and in the field. Second, we examined the effects of water limitation on the same defense protein responses, as well as on total soluble protein and glucose concentration, plant growth, and powdery mildew disease development. Similar increases in the activity of peroxidase, chitinase, and β-1-3-glucanase were observed in leaves of plants with substantial powdery mildew disease in both greenhouse- and field-grown plants. In the greenhouse, activities of chitinase and peroxidase as well as total soluble protein and glucose concentrations generally increased with the degree of water limitation. In turn, leaf growth and powdery mildew symptom development decreased as the degree of water limitation increased. This study revealed that plant chemical responses to water limitation and powdery mildew disease can overlap to a large extent, which, in addition to changing microenvironmental conditions and other indicators of plant quality, may underlie the ability of water limitation to inhibit powdery mildew disease symptom development in this wild plant pathosystem.     

A coffee agroecosystem model: I. Growth and development of the coffee plant

This paper is the first of three on the coffee production system consisting of (1) the coffee plant, (2) coffee berry borer (CBB) and (3) the role of CBB parasitoids. A previous simulation model of the coffee plant was developed using data from Brazil where coffee phenology is characterized by distinct seasonal flowering (Gutierrez et al., 1998). In contrast, flowering in Colombia is continuous with low seasonality. To capture the differences in coffee phenology and growth in the two climatic regions, the Gutierrez et al. (1998) model was modified using new data from Colombia.The modifications to the model include:

(1)

The effect of solar radiation on floral buds initiation;

(2)

An age structure population model to track the daily input and development of the floral buds;

(3)

The effect of leaf water potential on breaking dormancy in flower buds, and hence on the timing and intensity of flowering;

(4)

The incorporation of both the vegetative and the reproductive demands to predict the photosynthetic rate.

(5)

The effect of low temperature on photosynthesis and defoliation.

Other aspects of the model were re-interpreted and refinements made to generalize its structure for use across coffee varieties and geographic areas. The model, without modification, realistically simulates field data from Brazil and two Colombian locations having different varieties, patterns of rainfall and hence flowering phenology.The model will be used as the base trophic level for incorporating CBB and high tropic levels effects, and for the analysis of management options in the coffee production system.     

Effect of salicylic acid on morphological and biochemical attributes in cowpea

Effects of salicylic acid (SA) on seed germination, seedling growth, flowering and biochemical activities were studied out in four cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes in control environments. The results revealed that both germination and seedling growth were negatively affected by 0.02%. SA application, however did not affect the size of full expanded buds, time of 50% flowering and date of flower initiation. A maximum increase in peroxidase (EC1.11.1.7) activity was observed in UPC 4200 over other genotypes. No significant change in the content of total soluble and intercellular fluid proteins was observed except in UPC 4200 genotype. SA induced accumulation of total soluble sugars more at flowering stage than at seed setting stage. It is evident from the present study that UPC 4200 genotype was more responsive to salicylic acid both in terms of increased peroxidase activity and less negative effect on morphological attributes, thus suggesting its wider use without negative impact on environment as salicylic acid has been reported in plants.     

Tolerating castration by hiding flowers in plain sight

A key challenge in the study of inter-specific cooperation, or mutualisms, is to understand the mechanisms that prevent cheating. However, many mutualisms are still invaded by parasites, and we propose that plant ‘tolerance strategies’, which allow an individual to re-grow and/or reproduce after damage, might have evolved to recover some of the fitness lost to parasitism. We focus on the ant plant Cordia nodosa and its protecting ant symbionts Allomerus octoarticulatus and Azteca spp. Allomerus is a castration parasite, destroying host flowers. However, some flowers are produced on new branch shoots, where they escape castration. Here, we ask whether C. nodosa tolerates castration by directing floral growth to new shoots. We find that C. nodosa produces four times more floral buds on the new shoots of Allomerus-inhabited plants, compared to Azteca-inhabited plants. Additionally, on Allomerus-inhabited plants, the production of floral buds is three times greater on new than on mature shoots, and more floral buds are grown on plants with new shoots than on those without. We conclude therefore that C. nodosa tolerates castration by re-allocating floral resources to new shoots. We also test whether tolerance exploits behavioural differences between the brood-tending ‘nurse’ ant worker caste, which is active on mature shoots, and the new shoot-protecting ‘patroller’ caste. Behavioural assay experiments reveal that nurse ants are strongly attracted to extracts of flowers, whereas patrollers are not, suggesting that nurses are the primary castrating caste. Thus, producing flowers on new shoots avoids the castrating caste. We finish by proposing that tolerance strategies can promote the evolution and maintenance of mutualism.     

Effects of initial decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on the growth and physiology of Impatiens balsamina北大核心CSCD

A pot experiment was conducted to study the allelopathic effects of initial decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on growth and physiology of Impatiens balsamina. Three leaf litter treatments included 20, 40 and 80 g of C. camphora leaf litter mixed with 8 kg of soil, namely T1, T2, and T3, respectively. In order to test the effect of leaf litter addition on the permeability and ventilation of soil simultaneously, a parallel trial with steamed leaf litter was conducted with the three treatments of the leaf litter. The leaf litter was steamed for 2 d to remove the secondary metabolites as much as possible, dried, and then mixed with 8 kg of soil, namely Z1, Z2, and Z3, respectively. No leaf litter was added in control (CK). The growth parameters of I. balsamina were determined at the 20 d, 60 d, 100 d and 120 d after sowing and the main physiology indicators were determined at the 60 d. The results indicated that: (1) The ground surface diameter and height of I. balsamina were inhibited significantly at 60 d (P < 0.05). Photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange parameters of I. balsamina were inhibited significantly at 60 d, and the inhibition effect was stronger with increased amount of leaf litter addition. The chlorophyll content, Pn and Ls decreased significantly with increased amount of leaf litter (P < 0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves of I. balsamina decreased with the increase of leaf litter addition. The content of MDA in treatments T1, T2 and T3 were all higher than that in CK, which indicated that I. balsamina suffered oxidative damage in a certain degree. The content of free proline (Pro) and soluble sugar (SS) in leaves of I. balsamina decreased significantly with the increase of the leaf litter (P < 0.05), while the content of soluble protein (SP) increased. (2) In the parallel trial, 60 d after sowing, no obvious difference was observed between CK and any steamed leaf litter treatment in terms of the morphological and physiological features stated above (P > 0.05). It indicated that the soil physical properties were not greatly influenced by leaf litter addition in the dose interval designed, or that the release of secondary metabolites from decomposing leaf litter was probably a better reason to explain the inhibition of leaf litter treatment to I. balsamina growth. (3)The compound effect (CE) of leaf litter decomposition on I. balsamina was enhanced with increase of the leaf litter, to 0.169, 0.354, and 0.497, respectively, in treatments of T1, T2 and T3. The study indicated that initial decomposition of C. camphora leaf litter in soil reduces the content of photosynthetic pigments, inhibits photosynthetic capacity and resistance physiology of I. balsamina, weakens its adaptability to the environment, and restrains growth of the plant. © 2015, Science Press. All rights reserved.     

重金属Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Cd在水稻植株中的富集和分布

研究了外源可溶性重金属进入水稻土环境后，在水稻植株中的迁移、在水稻植株不同部位的分布及其分布随时间的变化。在水稻生长季节，重金属在水稻植株中迁移能力的大小依次为：Cd,Cr＞Zn,Cu＞Pb。重金属在水稻植株不同部位的积累分布是：根部＞根基茎＞主茎＞穗＞籽实＞叶部。水稻分蘖期重金属在根部、茎干部和叶片的积累量达到最大，随着时间的延长，在根部积累的重金属愈来愈少；在茎干部积累的重金属在拔节期降至最小，随后含量又稍微上升；叶片上的重金属含量在拔节期迅速下降，随后趋于稳定。