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1.
Xiaoxue Ruan Yingying Xiang Chii Shang Shuangshuang Cheng Jingfu Liu Zhineng Hao Xin Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(4):24-36
UV/chlorine process, as an emerging advanced oxidation process (AOP), was effective for removing micro-pollutants via various reactive radicals, but it also led to the changes of natural organic matter (NOM) and formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). By using negative ion electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS), the transformation of Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) and the formation of chlorinated DBPs (Cl-DBPs) in the UV/chlorine AOP and subsequent post-chlorination were tracked and compared with dark chlorination. In comparison to dark chlorination, the involvement of ClO?, Cl?, and HO? in the UV/chlorine AOP promoted the transformation of NOM by removing the compounds owning higher aromaticity (AImod) value and DBE (double-bond equivalence)/C ratio and causing the decrease in the proportion of aromatic compounds. Meanwhile, more compounds which contained only C, H, O, N atoms (CHON) were observed after the UV/chlorine AOP compared with dark chlorination via photolysis of organic chloramines or radical reactions. A total of 833 compounds contained C, H, O, Cl atoms (CHOCl) were observed after the UV/chlorine AOP, higher than 789 CHOCl compounds in dark chlorination, and one-chlorine-containing components were the dominant species. The different products from chlorine substitution reactions (SR) and addition reactions (AR) suggested that SR often occurred in the precursors owning higher H/C ratio and AR often occurred in the precursors owning higher aromaticity. Post-chlorination further caused the cleavages of NOM structures into small molecular weight compounds, removed CHON compounds and enhanced the formation of Cl-DBPs. The results provide information about NOM transformation and Cl-DBPs formation at molecular levels in the UV/chlorine AOP. 相似文献
2.
正Introduction Natural organic matter(NOM)present in source water has significant impact on water treatment processes and on the quality of drinking water.NOM is a complex mixture of diverse groups of organic compounds,humic and fulvic acids,proteins,peptides,carbohydrates,and heterogeneous materials 相似文献
3.
Nana Osei B. Ackerson Hannah K. Liberatore Michael J. Plew Susan D. Richardson Thomas A. Ternes Stephen E. Duirk 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(3):90-101
This study investigated the speciation of halogen-specific total organic halogen and disinfection byproducts(DBPs) upon chlorination of natural organic matter(NOM) in the presence of iopamidol and bromide(Br~-).Experiments were conducted with low bromide source waters with different NOM characteristics from Northeast Ohio,USA and varied spiked levels of bromide(2-30 μmol/L) and iopamidol(1-5 μmol/L).Iopamidol was found to be a direct precursor to trihalomethane(THM) and haloacetic acid formation,and in the presence of Br~-favored brominated analogs.The concentration and speciation of DBPs formed were impacted by iopamidol and bromide concentrations,as well as the presence of NOM.As iopamidol increased the concentration of iodinated DBPs(iodo-DBPs) and THMs increased.However,as Br~-concentrations increased,the concentrations of nonbrominated iodo-and chloro-DBPs decreased while brominated-DBPs increased.Regardless of the concentration of either iopamidol or bromide,bromochloroiodomethane(CHBrClI) was the most predominant iodo-DBP formed except at the lowest bromide concentration studied.At relevant concentrations of iopamidol(1 μmol/L) and bromide(2 μmol/L),significant quantities of highly toxic iodinated and brominated DBPs were formed.However,the rapid oxidation and incorporation of bromide appear to inhibit iodoDBP formation under conditions relevant to drinking water treatment. 相似文献
4.
利用三维荧光光谱手段,结合紫外-可见吸收光谱,分析了涪江(FJ)、嘉陵江(JLJ)及两江交汇处(FJ-JLJ)溶解性有机质(DOM)在太阳辐照下的光漂白过程.结果表明,在夏季短期太阳辐射作用下,所有样品的有色溶解性有机质(CDOM)浓度[a(280)]和荧光峰A、C、M、T均发生了较明显光漂白,降解程度大小顺序为JLJ>FJ-JLJ>FJ.3个采样河段DOM光漂白性质因采样水域周边土地利用类型不同、江水汇合的稀释作用等影响而存在一定差异.以森林系统为陆源输入的JLJ样本光漂白活性最高,城市输入占主导的FJ最低,两江汇合样本居中.DOM经日光辐照后,光谱斜率S和吸光度比值A250/A350增大,腐殖化指数HIX减小,它们可作为光漂白过程中DOM性质变化指标.光漂白过程中,几乎所有样本呈现出陆源特征向自生源特征转化的趋势,尤其IT/IC先降低后显著增加,因此光漂白过程可能会夸大DOM的内源贡献,同时对利用IT/IC评估水体人为影响程度时产生干扰.另外,吸收和荧光光谱参数在评估DOM光漂白过程中结构组分变化的一致性,进一步证明了采用两种互补的光谱手段对DOM地化特征进行辨析的可行性. 相似文献
5.
Sarper Sarp Sungyun Lee Noeon Park Nguyen Thi Hanh Jaeweon Cho 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2009,3(1):98-105
For effective wastewater reclamation and water recovery, the treatment of natural and effluent organic matters (NOM and EfOM),
toxic anions, and micropollutants was considered in this work. Two different NOM (humic acid of the Suwannee River, and NOM
of US and Youngsan River, Korea), and one EfOM from the Damyang wastewater treatment plant, Korea, were selected for investigating
the removal efficiencies of tight nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with different properties. Nitrate,
bromate, and perchlorate were selected as target toxic anions due to their well known high toxicities. Tri-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate
(TCEP), oxybenzone, and caffeine, due to their different K
ow and pK
a values, were selected as target micropollutants. As expected, the NF membranes provided high removal efficiencies in terms
of all the tested contaminants, and the UF membrane provided fairly high removal efficiencies for anions (except for nitrate)
and the relatively hydrophobic micropollutant, oxybenzon. Through the wetlands, nitrate was successfully removed. Therefore,
a fair process of combining membranes with an engineered wetland could be proposed for sustainable wastewater reclamation
and optimum control of contaminats. 相似文献
6.
正Environmental water samples can be extremely complex,with potentially thousands of molecules that can derive from natural organic matter(NOM)and thousands that derive from anthropogenic contaminants.As complex as these samples are,drinking water can be even more complex.Due to disinfectants that are used to treat drinking water(e.g.,chlorine,chloramines, 相似文献
7.
Yini M Yingying Zhao Yongfeng Wang Xiangzhen Li Feifei Sun Phillippe Francois-Xavier Corvini Rong Ji 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(12):60-67
Soil contamination with tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) has caused great concerns;however, the presence of heavy metals and soil organic matter on the biodegradation of TBBPA is still unclear. We isolated Pseudomonas sp. strain CDT, a TBBPA-degrading bacterium, from activated sludge and incubated it with ~(14)C-labeled TBBPA for 87 days in the absence and presence of Cu~(2+)and humic acids(HA). TBBPA was degraded to organic-solvent extractable(59.4% ± 2.2%) and non-extractable(25.1% ± 1.3%) metabolites,mineralized to CO_2(4.8% ± 0.8%), and assimilated into cells(10.6% ± 0.9%) at the end of incubation. When Cu~(2+)was present, the transformation of extractable metabolites into non-extractable metabolites and mineralization were inhibited, possibly due to the toxicity of Cu~(2+)to cells. HA significantly inhibited both dissipation and mineralization of TBBPA and altered the fate of TBBPA in the culture by formation of HA-bound residues that amounted to 22.1% ± 3.7% of the transformed TBBPA. The inhibition from HA was attributed to adsorption of TBBPA and formation of bound residues with HA via reaction of reactive metabolites with HA molecules, which decreased bioavailability of TBBPA and metabolites in the culture. When Cu~(2+)and HA were both present, Cu~(2+)significantly promoted the HA inhibition on TBBPA dissipation but not on metabolite degradation. The results provide insights into individual and interactive effects of Cu~(2+)and soil organic matter on the biotransformation of TBBPA and indicate that soil organic matter plays an essential role in determining the fate of organic pollutants in soil and mitigating heavy metal toxicity. 相似文献
8.
Ozone plays an important role as a disinfectant and oxidant in potable water treatment practice and is increasingly being used as a pre-oxidant before coagulation. The purpose of this study is to obtain insight into the mechanisms that are operative in pre-ozonized coagulation. Effects ofpre-ozonation on organic matter removal during coagulation with IPF-PAC1 were investigated by using PDA （photometric disperse analysis）, apparent molecular weight distribution and chemical fractionation. The dynamic formation of flocs during coagulation process was detected. Changes of aquatic organic matter （AOM） structure resulted from the influence of pre-ozonation were evaluated. Results show that dosage of O3 and characteristics of AOM are two of the major factors influencing the performance of O3 on coagulation. No significant coagulation-aid effect of O3 was observed for all experiments using either A1C13 or PAC1. On the contrary, with the application of pre-ozonation, the coagulation efficiency of A1C13 was significantly deteriorated, reflected by the retardation of floc formation, and the removal decreases of turbidity, DOC, and UV254. However, if PACl was used instead of AlCl3, the adverse effects of pre-ozonation were mitigated obviously, particularly when the O3 dosage was less than 0.69 （mg O3/mg TOC）. The difference between removals of UV254, and DOC indicated that pre-ozonation greatly changed the molecular structure of AOM, but its capability of mineralization was not remarkable. Only 5% or so DOC was removed by pre-ozonation at 0.6--0.8 mg/L alone. Fractionation results showed that the organic products of pre-ozonation exhibited lower molecular weight and more hydrophilicity, which impaired the removal of DOC in the following coagulation process. 相似文献
9.
The presence of municipal wastewater at the intake of a major drinking water treatment facility located on Lake Ontario was examined using fluorescence data collected during a period of continuous monitoring. In addition, controlled mixing of lake water and wastewater sampled from a local treatment facility were conducted using a bench-scale fluorescence system to quantify observed changes in natural organic matter. Multivariate linear regression was applied to components derived from parallel factors analysis. The resulting mean absolute error for predicted wastewater level was 0.22% (V/V, wastewater/lake water), indicating that wastewater detection at below 1.0% (V/V) was possible. Analyses of sucralose, a wastewater indicator, were conducted for treated wastewater as well as surface water collected at two intake locations on Lake Ontario. Results suggested minimal wastewater contribution at the drinking water intake. A wastewater detection model using a moving baseline was developed and applied to continuous fluorescence data collected at one of the drinking water intakes, which agreed well with sucralose results. Furthermore, the simulated addition of 1.0% (V/V) of wastewater/wastewater was detectable in 89% of samples analyzed, demonstrating the utility of fluorescence-based wastewater monitoring. 相似文献
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Introduction Ozonation as one of pre-oxidation techniques has complicated influences on coagulation in terms of turbidity and organic matter removals (Edwards and Benjamin, 1992a, b). Many studies have been carried out on the effects of ozone on coagulation, however there still exists some discrepancies among different researches. The mechanisms involved in the interac- tions between pre-ozonation and coagulation remain unclear. Reckhow and Singer (1984) reported that UV254, TOC, and TOX … 相似文献
12.
磁性离子交换树脂对原水中有机物去除效能的研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
采用磁性离子交换树脂(MIEX)预处理原水中有机物的中试试验结果表明,MIEX技术可有效地去除原水中的有机物,对UV254,DOC和CODMn的去除率分别稳定在82%、66%和50%,MIEX预处理可以有效强化混凝沉淀对有机物、藻细胞和浊度的去除.与常规工艺相比,在混凝剂聚合氯化铝投加量降低56%时,该工艺对UV254和CODMn的去除率分别为90%和71%,对藻细胞数和浊度的去除率分别为99%和95%.对溶解性有机物分级和分子量分布的测定表明,MIEX预处理主要去除混凝沉淀无法有效去除的小分子区间的亲水性和疏水性有机物,可以有效控制消毒副产物的产生,MIEX预处理与混凝沉淀联用工艺出水的三卤甲烷生成势(THMFP)和卤乙酸生成势(HAAFP)比原水降低了88%和87%. 相似文献
13.
利用动态光散射技术分别考察了3种天然有机质（NOM）及其浓度和阳离子对纳米氧化石墨烯（GO）在水环境中团聚动力学的影响.无NOM存在时,GO团聚行为符合经典的Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek（DLVO）理论和舒尔采-哈迪准则.Na+溶液中,NOM显著增强GO稳定性,顺序为腐殖酸（HA） > 富里酸（FA） > 海藻酸钠（SA）,这主要是由于HA在GO之间产生了更强的空间位阻斥力.以HA为代表性有机质,2mg/L HA对GO在水溶液中的稳定性还受阳离子种类的影响：HA增强了GO在Na+和Mg2+溶液中的稳定性,然而对GO在Ca2+溶液中的稳定性几乎没有影响.提高HA浓度为5mg/L时：高浓度Mg2+溶液中,HA的盐析效应使得其未促进GO稳定性;Ca2+溶液中,HA与Ca2+发生了较强的桥联作用,使得HA促进了GO的团聚. 相似文献
14.
采用强化絮凝的方法,实验研究和探明了混合反应强度、浊度、pH值等因素对去除水中DBP先质的影响规律,进一步揭示了强化絮凝条件下除浊与除DBP先质的相互关系,求得了不同水质条件下的最佳pH值和最佳投药量。在同时考虑除浊时,单一腐殖酸水样的TOC去除率可高达90%,西安兴庆湖水样的TOC去除率也可达70%.研究结果可为水厂应用强化絮凝工艺去除水中DBP先质提供科学依据和参考。 相似文献
15.
Haiou Song Zhijian Yao Mengqiao Wang Jinnan Wang Zhaolian Zhu Aimin Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(1):105-113
The effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the removal of nitrate-nitrogen from the model contaminated water have been investigated utilizing the strong base anion exchange resins. With the increase of gallic acid concentration from 0 to 400 mg/L, the adsorption amount of nitrate-nitrogen on the commercial resins, including D201, Purolite A 300 (A300) and Purolite A 520E (A520E), would significantly decrease. However, the presence of tannin acid has little impact on nitrate-nitrogen adsorption on them. Compared to D201 and A300 resins, A520E resin exhibited more preferable adsorption ability toward nitrate-nitrogen in the presence of competing organic molecules, such as gallic acid and tannin acid at greater levels in aqueous solution. Attractively, the equilibrium data showed that the adsorption isotherm of nitrate-nitrogen on A520E resin was in good agreement with Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The rate parameters for the intra particle diffusion have been estimated for the different initial concentrations. In batch adsorption processes, nitrate-nitrogen diffuse in porous adsorbent and rate process usually depends on t 1/2 rather than the contact time. The pseudo first- and the second-order kinetic models fit better for nitrate-nitrogen adsorption onto A520E resin. The observations reported herein illustrated that A520E resin will be an excellent adsorbent for enhanced removal of nitrate-nitrogen from contaminated groundwater. 相似文献
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螯合剂处理重金属污水实验研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
采用高分子有机螯合剂与废水中的多种重金属离子发生螯合反应，生成稳定且不溶于水的金属螯合物来去除废水中的重金属离子。对4种螯合剂在不同加药量的条件下对含有Hg，Cu，Cd，Pb等重金属污水的去除效果进行了试验研究，结果表明，利用有机螯合剂的方法处理含重金属废水的效率很高，有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
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采用序批式试验研究了3种粉末活性炭(PAC)对天然水体中甲基对硫磷(MP)和三氯乙烯(TCE)的吸附平衡特性,利用均相表面扩散模型(HSDM)对不同投炭量下的吸附动力学进行拟合与预测,并探讨了天然有机物(NOM)对MP、TCE在PAC上的竞争吸附效应.研究结果表明,天然水体条件下,3种PAC对MP和TCE的吸附符合Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型;MP比TCE更易于被PAC吸附;3种PAC对MP、TCE的吸附能力由大到小依次为YK炭、SL炭和JC炭;HSDM模型可以很好地对吸附动力学进行拟合,并能够有效地预测不同投炭量时的吸附动力学;天然水体中的NOM会与MP和TCE在PAC上发生竞争吸附,NOM对MP的竞争吸附作用相对TCE更为显著. 相似文献
19.
强化天然有机物去除是饮用水处理工艺的重要目标.循环造粒流化床作为一种新型高效固液分离技术具有处理负荷高、水质适应性强的特点,将其与粉末活性炭(PAC)联用,探究对水库水中有机物的强化去除效果.研究发现当聚合氯化铝(PACl)与PAC同时投加,且PACl、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)及PAC投加量分别为24mg/L、1.2mg/L、30mg/L时,流化床系统对进水浊度、UV254、CODMn、DOC去除率分别为96.5%、72.0%、71.7%、61.0%.对进出水中的有机物进行三维荧光分析,发现流化床系统中结团造粒作用下出水的类富里酸和类腐殖酸的FI分别比进水降低了40.1%和43.0%;加入30mg/LPAC后,出水的类富里酸和类腐殖酸的的FI分别比原水降低了54.0%和55.3%.水库水中的有机物分子量主要在<1k Da和10～30k Da两个区间,分别占总有机物含量的37.1%和39.1%.循环造粒流化床系统中结团造粒作用主要去除10～30k Da区间的有机物,PAC吸附作用对<1k Da的有机物有很好的去除. 相似文献
20.
Shixiang Li Xulan Zhang Er Bei Huihui Yue Pengfei Lin Jun Wang Xiaojian Zhang Chao Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(8):331-339
N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) precursors consist of a positively charged dimethylamine group and a non-polar moiety, which inspired us to develop a targeted cation exchange technology to remove NDMA precursors. In this study, we tested the removal of two representative NDMA precursors, dimethylamine(DMA) and ranitidine(RNTD), by strong acidic cation exchange resin. The results showed that pH greatly affected the exchange efficiency, with high removal(DMA 78% and RNTD 94%) observed at pH pk_a-1 when the molar ratio of exchange capacity to precursor was 4. The exchange order was obtained as follows: Ca~(2+) Mg~(2+) RNTD~+ K~+ DMA~+ NH_4~+ Na~+. The partition coefficient of DMA~+to Na~+was 1.41 ± 0.26, while that of RNTD~+to Na~+was 12.1 ± 1.9. The pseudo second-order equation fitted the cation exchange kinetics well. Bivalent inorganic cations such as Ca~(2+)were found to have a notable effect on NA precursor removal in softening column test. Besides DMA and RNTD, cation exchange process also worked well for removing other 7 model NDMA precursors. Overall, NDMA precursor removal can be an added benefit of making use of cation exchange water softening processes. 相似文献